갑각류(甲殼類) 십각목(十脚目)의 장상피세포(腸上皮細胞) 미세구조(微細構造)에 관한 연구(硏究)

노용태 ( Yong Tai Noh ),연근성 ( Kun Seung Yeun ) 건국대학교 기초과학연구소 1988 理學論集 Vol.13 No.-

The studies of the scanning electron microscopy and the ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelia on three species of decapod crustacea, fresh water crayfish (Cambaroides similis Koelbel), fresh water crab (Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards) and shore crab (Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) japonicus De Haan) were performed in this thesis. The results obtained were as follows: The mid-and hindgut lumens of the three species are lined by a simple columnar epithelium with the basally located nucleus. The lengths of the midgut are approximately 0.8mm-1.0mm long in the fresh water crayfish, 20mm-30mm long in the fresh water crab and 5mm-8mm long in the shore crab. Scanning electron microscopy: The midgut epithelial lining is covered with mucosubstances and folded longitudinally. The hindgut epithelium is lined with chitinous layer, from whose surface the chitinous spines numbered from a few to fifty (two-twenty um long) are extruded in a group or linear arrangement and directed posterioriy. The spines make the fecal substances move afterward easily. Ultrastructure: The midgut epithelial cells of the three species are characterized by a fuzzy coated striated border, dense mitochondria in the apical cytoplasm, a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum around the lobed shape of nucleus, free ribosomes, interdigitating cell processes of lateral cell membrane and the junctional structure. These diverse features indicate the function of an absorption and a secretion. The hindgut epithelial cells differ from each species observed. The epithelial cells of the fresh water crayfish are characterized by the oval shaped nucleus located basally, fuzzy coated long microvilli, rough endoplasmic reticulum around the nucleus and interdigitating cell processes of lateral cell surface, which indicate an activity in an absorption. The epithelial cells of the fresh water crab are characterized by condensed mitochondria under the apical striated border, free ribosomes scattered in cytoplasm, interdigitating cell processes of lateral cell surface, a great developed basal infoldings and the numerous secreting vesicles, which indicate an activity in an absorption, a secretion of ions and water transport. The epithelial cells of the shore crab are distinguished into two cell types. The electron-dense dark cells contain long and large mitochondria around the nucleus to the apical cell surface, more rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes than the electron-lucent light cells. The epithelial cells in the distal portion of the hindgut contain secretory particles, secretory vesicles, numerous mitochondria around the nucleus, basal infoldings and intercellular apaces, which indicate an sctivity in water and ions transport. The mitochondria around the nucleus have moderate dense longitudinal cristae.

칠게(Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) japonicus De Haan)의 장상피(腸上皮)의 미세구조(微細構造) 및 조기화학적(組饑化學的) 연구(硏究)

노용태 ( Yong Tai Noh ),연근성 ( Kun Seung Yeun ) 건국대학교 기초과학연구소 1987 理學論集 Vol.12 No.-

The study on the ultrastructure, scanning electron microscopy and histochemical analysis was performed to the shore crab (Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) japonicus De Haan) (Crustacea, Decapoda). For the chemical study, haematoxylin-eosin staining, periodic acid-Schiff reaction, alcian blue pH 2.5 and pH 0.4 staining, aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7 staining and aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7-alcian blue pH 2.5 staining were carried out. The general types of mucosubstances detected were identified as neutral mucosubstance, sulfomucin and sialomucin. The results were as follows: 1. The length of midgut was approximately one-fifth of the total length of the mid and hind gut. 2. The midgut epithelium was covered with thin layer of mucosubstance. The epithelium in the apical border formed striated border under which the mitochondria (M) concentrated with high density. Holocrine cells could often be seen. 3 Hindgut epithelium lined by a chitinous layer which had a number of spines grouped linear arrangement numbered from a few to about thirty extruding from the upper part of the lining which directed posteriorly. The spines seemed to make the fecal substances move afterward easily by the densely distributed muscular movement of the gut. 4. The apical border of the hindgut epithelial cells appeared striated short under which the concentrated mitochondria were seen. Secretory granules scattered outside the cell membrane. 5. The upper chitinous layer of the epithelium of the pyloric stomach contained neutral mucosubstance and sulfomucin with a little amount of sialomucin. The lower chitinous layer of the epithelium consisted of a neutral mucosubstance and sialomucin. Sulfomucin was absent. 6. The midgut epithelium covered with a thin mucous layer consisted of a neutral mucosubstance with a some sulfomucin. Sialomucin couldn`t be identified. 7. The chitinous layer of the hindgut epithelium showed a strong PAS positivity and fuchsinophility, and no alcianophility. It appeared to had a mixture of neutral mucosubstance and sulfomucin.

한강(漢江)(서울지역(地域))의 동물상(動物相)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)

노용태 ( Yong Tai Noh ) 건국대학교 기초과학연구소 1984 理學論集 Vol.9 No.-

For the funal studies on the animals from Han River in september, 1982. As a result of present studies it was classified and recorded 5 families 16 species Mullusca, 6 families 15 species fishs, 2 familiess 43 species Amphibia, 2 families 2 species Reptilia and 26 families 43 species Aves.

이심팔점무당벌레 Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabricius의 성장분석(成長分析)

노용태 ( Yong Tai Noh ),연근성 ( Kun Seung Yeun ) 건국대학교 기초과학연구소 1986 理學論集 Vol.11 No.-

As a part of study for agricultural harmful insects, the growth analysis to one of the insects, potato lady beatle Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabricius was performed. This study was aimed at analysing the changing patterns of the growth of eight body parts, such as body length, head width, pronotum width, antenna length, rostrum width, foreleg length, midleg length and hidleg length in the postembryonic development of the insect. The equations applied to analysis the data were y=a+bt+ct2 for the absolute growth and y=bxα for the relative growth. The results abtained were as follows. 1) The growth quantities of body length and rostrum were increased in concave shape and those of the rest showed increase patterns in convex shape. Body length showed a steep increase and pronotum width, hindleg length, miclleg length and foreleg length followed in that order. 2) The lagest ratio of growth quantity was antenna (32.17 times) and pronotum width, hindleg, midleg, rostrum, body length, foreleg and head width (3.9 times) followed in that order. 3) The growth rates of body length and rostrum showed a decrease pattern and those of the rest were increased. 4) The specific growth rates of body length, head width, antenna and rostrum were decreased and the rest of eight body parts showed the increase patterns at first and degreased later. 5) In the relative growth of each body part to body length, antenna, pronotum width and rostrum showed the positive allometry, and the rest showed the negative allometry. The least coefficient of relative growth was found in head width (0.7486). 6) The growth gradients of each part to body length revealed increasing patterns except in antenna showing a increase pattern at 2nd instar and decreased later. All the growth centers were in adult except the antenna in 2nd instar.

한국산 오디흑연가시, Chordodes koreansis, (철선충목, 유선형동물문)의 형태학적 연구

노용태 ( Yong Tai Noh ),백광민 ( Kwang Min Baek ),문인호 ( In Ho Moon ) 건국대학교 기초과학연구소 1991 理學論集 Vol.16 No.-

The morphological character of Chordodes koreansis was studied with light microscope, transmission and scanning electron microscope. The body is slender and elongated, the males are shorter than the females. The body wall consist of cuticular layer, subcuticular layer and muscle layer. The epicuticle is a thin superficial layer whose surface shows the rows of polygonal elevation. Alternating layers of fibers cross one another diagonally and most of cuticle is filled with fibers layer. The subcuticular layer is a single layer varing from a low cuboidal to a columnar shape. The muscle layer consists of longitudinally arranged each cell containg many filaments. The digestive tract is more or less degenerated. A patent mouth is opened to the foregut and the midgut is a lump of simple epitherial cells lying in the pseudocoel. The midgut is surrounded by unidentified tissue. The sexes arc separated and the gonads consist of a pair of cylindrical bodies running the body length in both sexes. There is no genitalia in both sexes. In males, each testis continues posterioly and enters the cloaca separately from its follow by a way of short duct deferens. In females, the reproductive system consists of a pair of ovary, oviduct, single uterus and seminal receptacle. The pseudocoel is filled with parenchymal cells and gonad. The parenchymal cells are the irregular, polygonal or spindle-shape cells. Enclosing the parenchymal cells is a basal lamina, and external to that is the collagenous ma trix that isolates the parenchymal cells from one another.

Ultrastructure of the Cutaneous Gland in the Asiatic Land Salamander, Hynobius Leechi II. Granular Gland

김한화,노용태,정영화,지영득,Kim, Han-Hwa,Noh, Yong-Tai,Chung, Young-Wha,Chi, Young-Duk The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1980 동물학회지 Vol.23 No.4

도룡뇽 (Hynobius leechi Boulenger)의 피부과립선의 미세구조를 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 도룡뇽의 피부과립선은 선체부와 분비관으로 구성되며, 선체부는 선상피세포와 근상피세포, 분비관은 각질세포들로 구성되었다. 2. 피부과립선의 선상피세포는 세포질의 전자밀도가 높은 암세포와 세포질의 전자밀도가 낮은 명세포가 관찰되었다. 3. 피부과립선의 분비과립은 구형 또는 나형이었고, 높은 전자밀도를 보이는 과립, 중등도의 전자밀도를 보이는 과립 그리고 낮은 전자밀도를 보이는 과립들로 구분할 수 있었다. 또한 낮은 전자밀도를 보이는 과립중에는 과립막 인접부에 부분적으로 높은 전자밀도를 보이는 과립들이 관찰되었다. 4. 피부과립선내 분비과립들이 같은 세포내에서 전자밀도의 차이를 보이는 것은 분비과립의 성숙단계 및 성숙된 과립의 수분흡수 정도에 따른 농도차이에 기인하며, 그 화학적 조성은 유사하다고 생각한다. The ultrastructures of the granular glands in the asiatic land salamander (Hynobius leechi) skin were observed by means of electron microsope The results were as follows; 1. The granular gland of the asiatic land salamander skin consisted of a body of gland and a duct. The body of the granular gland consisted of the glandular epithelial cells and the myoepithelial cells. The duct of the granular gland consisted of the keratinocytes. 2. The glandular epithelial cells in the asiatic land salamander skin were divided into the dark cell and the light cells in accordance with the electron density of the cytoplasm. 3. The secretory granules of the granular glands were round or oval in form and were divided into the various granules, showing the secretory granules showing weak electron density had the parts showing strong electron density near the granular membrane. 4. It is supposed that showing the different electron densities of the granules in a glandular epithelial cell is due to different mature stages and to different level of water absorption, and the chemical components of the granules showing different electron densities are identical.

Histological and Histochemical Studies on the Mucous Secreting Cells of the Gastric Mucosae according to the Development of Frog, Rana nigromaculata

김한화,노용태,정영화,Kim, Han-Hwa,Noh, Yong-Tai,Chung, Young-Wha The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1976 동물학회지 Vol.19 No.1

양서류 발생에 따른 위점막 점액세포의 조직학적 및 조직화학적인 변화를 밝히고저 개구리(Rana nigromaculata)변태 각 단계의 위체부 조직을 10% formalin 완충액에 고정($4^{\circ}C$), paraffin에 포매, 4 $\mu$m 두께로 절편한후 periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) 및 alcian blue(AB) pH 2.5, pH 1.0에 반응시켜 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 위 표면점액세포내 점액질은 변태과정에 따라 특이한 변화없이 PAS에 강한 반응을 AB pH 2.5 및 pH 1.0에서는 약한 alcianophilia를 보였으며, 변태 XXIV와 XXV에서 세포내 중성 점액질의 함량이 현저히 증가하였다. 2. 위소와점액세포는 변태 XXI이후에서 볼 수 있었는데 PAS에 강한 반응을, AB pH 2.5 및 pH 1.0에서 약한 alcianophilia를 보였으나, AB pH 1.0에서는 AB pH 2.5에서 보다 강하였고, 변태 XXIV와 XXV에서 세포내 중성 점액질의 함량이 현저히 증가하였다. 3. 분비능을 보이는 점액질세포는 변태 XXIV이후인데 변태 XXIV에서는 PAS에 강양성을, AB pH 1.0에서는 약한 alcianophilia를 보였고, 변태 XXV 이후에는 PAS에 약한 반응을, AB pH 2.5에는 약하고 AB pH 1.0에는 중등도의 alcianiphilia를 보였는데 이들 점액질은 전 세포질에 비교적 고르게 분포하였다. To observe the changes of mucosubstances of the mucous secreting cells, stomach tissues in frog tadpoles at each stage of metamorphosis were fixed in 10% buffered formalin at $4^{\circ}C$, embedded in paraffin, sectioned to 4 $\mu$m thickness and stained with periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) and alcian blue (AB) of pH 2.5 and pH 1.0. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The reactivities of the surface mucous cells, which exhibited strong PAS-positivity and weak alcianophilia at both pH 2.5 and 1.0, were not changed in metamorphosis stages and the intracellular contents of neutral mucosubstances in the surface mucous cells increased significantly in XXIV and XXV stages of metamorphosis. 2. In the foveolar mucous cells, which appear after metamorphosis XXI, the staining reactivities to PAS, AB of pH 2.5 and 1.0 were the same as that of surface mucous cells during metamorphosis and the alcianophilia were stronger at pH 1.0 than at pH 2.5. 3. THe mucous neck cells, which appear after metamorphosis XXIV, exhibited a strong PAS-positive reaction and weak alcianophilia at metamorphosis XXIV but at metamorphosis XXV weak reactivity to PAS and strong alcianophilia at pH 1.0.

Ultrastructure of the Granular Glands in the Amphibian Skin

김한화,노용태,정영화,지영득,Kim, Han-Hwa,Noh, Yong-Tai,Chung, Young-Wha,Chi, Young-Duk The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1979 동물학회지 Vol.22 No.3

양서류 피부과립선의 미세구조를 관찰하기 위하여 무미양서류인 무당개구리(Bombina orientalis), 두꺼비 (Bufo bufo gargarizans), 개구리 (Rana nigromaculata) 및 옴개구리 (Rana rugosa)의 피부조직은 2.5% glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde (pH 7.2)와 1%osmium tetroxide에 전후 고정한 후 ethanol과 acetone으로 탈수, Epon 812 mixture에 포매하여 LKB ultramicrotome으로 초박절표본을 만들어 uranyl acetate와 lead citrate으로 염색하여 JEOL-100B형 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 양서류 피부과립선은 선상피세포와 근상피세포로 이루어졌다. 2. 양서류 피부과립선의 선상피세포는 암세포들로 구성되었으나 무당개구리에서는 명세포도 관찰되었다. 3. 양서류 피부과립선은 전분지를 하였다. 4. 양서류 피부과립선 상피세포의 핵은 원형 내지 타원형으로 크고 작은 핵경함요를 보였고, heterochromatin은 주로 핵경 인접부에 많았다. 세포질에는 mitochondria가 핵주변부에 비교적 많이 산재하였고, rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum은 핵 주변부에 발달하였지만 smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum은 미약하였다. 5. 분비과립들은 구형 또는 난형으로 높은 전자밀도를 보였으며 다소 약한 전자밀도를 보이는 과립도 관찰되었다. 6. 양서류 과립선내 분비과립들이 같은 세포내에서 다소 전자밀도의 차이를 보이는 것은 분비과립의 형성단계에 따른 농도 차이에 기인하며 그 화학적 조성은 유사하다고 생각된다. The authors observed the ultrastructure of the granular glands in the amphibian skin with an electron microscope. The specimens from the experimental animals (Bombina orientalis, Bufo bufo gargarizans, Rana nigromaculata and Rana rugosa) were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde fixative in phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 prior to fixation in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in graded ethanol and acetone, embedded in Epon 812 mixture, and sectioned with a LKB-ultramicrotome. the ultrathin sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with a JEOL-100B electron microscope. The results were as follws: 1. The granular gland in the amphibian skin consisted of the glandular epithelial and the myoepithelial cells. 2. The epithelial cells of the granular gland in the amphibian skin consisted of the dark cells but the light cells were also observed in that of Bombina orientalis. 3. The granular glands of the amphibian skin were in holocrine fashion. 4. The nuclei of the epithelial cells of the amphibian cutaneous granular glands were round or oval and showed small and large inforldings of nuclear envelope. Heterochromatins were mainly distributed near the nuclear envelope. Mitochondria were mainly distributed in the perinuclear portion and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulums were developed in the cytoplasm but smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulums were not well developed. 5. Secretory granules were round or oval and electron-dense and less electron-dense granules were observed. 6. The authors infer that the differences in electron density of the secretory granules in the granular glands of the amphibian skin are due to difference in the concentrations of secretory substances as related to the processes of its formation, and that those chemical components are identical.

양서류 피부 점액분비세포의 미세구조

김한화,노용태,정영화,지영득,Kim, Han-Hwa,Noh, Yong-Tai,Chung, Young-Wha,Chi, Young-Duk 한국통합생물학회 1978 동물학회지 Vol.21 No.1

양서류 피부 점액선의 선상피세포의 미세구조를 관찰하기 위하여 양서류 피부조직을 2.5% glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde(pH7.2) 1% osmium tetroxide에 전후 고정 한후 ethanol과 aceton으로 탈수, Epon 812에 포매 Sorvall MT-2B ultramicrotome으로 ultrathin section을 만들어 uranyl acetate와 lead citrate으로 염색하여 JEOL-100B형 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 양서류 피부 점액선은 선상피세포와 근상피세포로 이루어졌다. 2. 양서류 피부 점액선의 선상피세포는 미세구조적인 면에서 종에 따라 여러형의 세포들이 관찰되었다. a. 도롱뇽에서는 암세포와 명세포가 관찰되었다. b. 무당개구리에서는 mitochondria가 많은 세포와 원형의 분비과립을 갖는 세포들이 관찰되었다. c. 맹꽁이에서는 구형의 분비과립을 갖는 세포와 거품모양의 과립괴를 갖는 세포들이 관찰되었다. d. 개구리 피부 점액선은 A형과 B형점액선으로 구분되었고, A형점액선 상피에서는 mitochondria가 많은 세포와 원형의 분비과립을 갖는 세포, B형점액선 상피에서는 mitochondria가 많은 세포와 많은 분비과립을 갖는 세포 및 거의 전 세포질이 endoplasmic reticulum으로 채워진 세포들이 관찰되었다. 3. 위의 사실들로 미루어 양서류 피부점액선의 선상피는 mitochondria가 많은 미분화세포와 점액분비과립을 많이 함유한 성숙세포 및 전 세포질이 거의 rough endoplasmic reticulum으로 채워진 분비후기세포로 구성된다고 생각된다. The authors observed the ultrastructure of the mucous glandular epithelial cells in the amphibian skin by mean of electron microscope. The specimens from the experimental animals were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-oaraformaldehyde fixative in phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 prior to fixation in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in graded ethanol and acetone, embedded in Epon 812 mixture, and sectioned with Sorvall MT-2 ultramicrotome. The ultrasections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with a JEOL-100B electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. The cutaneous mucous glands in amphibia consisted of the glandular epithelial and the myoepithelial cells. 2. Several different cells in ultrastructure were observed in the mucous glandular epithelium of the adult amphibian skin. a. The dark and the light cells were observed in Hynobius leechi. b. The mitochondria-rich and the round secretory granule-containing cells were observed in Bombina orientalis. c. The round secretory granule-containing and the foam-like granule mass-containing cells were observed in Kaloula tornieri. d. The cutaneous mucous gland of Rana nigromaculata were divided into two types: A and B-type glands. In the A-type mucous gland, the mitochondria-rich and the round secretory granule-containing cells and in the B-type mucous gland, the mitochondria-rich, the secretory granule-containing and the ER-rich cells were observed. 3. Based upon the above findings, the authors infer that the mucous granular epithelium of the amphibian skin consists of the mitochondria-rich undifferentiated, the secetory granule-containing and mature, and the ER-rich evacuated cells.

Relationships between the Host and it's Natural Enemy Introduced into a New Ecosystem 1. Mortality of Hyphantria cunea Drury killed by Podisus maculiventris

김창환,노용태,정영화,Kim, Chang-Whan,Noh, Yong Tai,Chung, Young Wha The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 1969 동물학회지 Vol.12 No.4

容接이 103,341$cm^3$의 鐵製網室에 Platanus sp.의 切樹를 植栽하고 1區를 3組씩으로 하여 H. cunea 의 幼蟲과 天敵의 比를 200:10, 400:10, 800:10 그리고 天敵을 投入하지 않은 對照區를 두어 H. cunea 의 P. maculiventris에 依한 被殺率을 化期別로 調査하였다. 1. H. cunea의 一化期에서 200:10 區는 94.6%, 400:10 區는 91.4%, 800:10區는 62.4%의 H. cunea의 被殺率을 보여주었다. 2. H. cunea의 二化期에서 200:10區는 96.3%, 400:10 區는 93.6%, 800:10區는 67%의 H. cunea의 被殺率을 보여주었다. 3. 對照區의 境遇는 H. cunea의 一化期에서 98.7%, 二化期에서 94.4%의 H. cunea가 幼蟲世代를 마쳤다. The present experiment was designed to learn the mortality (response per predator) of Hyphantria cunea and Podisus maculiventris, both reared in different ratios of densities in net cage. 1. Podisus maculiventris attacked about 94.6, 91.4 and 62.4% of the hosts at the ratio of densities, 200:10, 400:10 and 800:10 in each net cage in the lst generation. 2. Podisus maculiventris attacked about 96.3, 93.6 and 67% of the hosts at the ratio of densities, 200:10, 400:10 and 800:10 in each net cage in the 2nd generation. 3. About 98.7 and 98.4% of the hosts were pupated in the 1st and 2nd generations in the controlled group.