한반도 중서부 지역 논습지를 이용하는 조류 현황

남형규 ( Hyung Kyu Nam ),김미란 ( Mi Ran Kim ),최그린 ( Green Choi ),장둘리 ( Dooly Jang ),최승혜 ( Seung Hye Choi ),조광진 ( Kwang Jin Cho ),최락중 ( Lak Jung Choe ),최순군 ( Soon Kun Choi ),방혜선 ( Hea Son Bang ),나영은 ( Young 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회지 Vol.35 No.2

BACKGROUND: Rice fields are one of the most important habitats for various bird species. The list of bird species occurred in rice fields in Korean peninsula have been documented. However, information of listed bird species is included not only rice fields but also other wetland habitats such as lakes, tidal flats and rivers. Therefore, the study was conducted to clarify the status of bird observed in rice fields of Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Birds using rice fields defined as birds which forage or rest on rice paddies, levees, ditches and farming roads. Birds using rice fields recorded as total 124 species belonging to 40 families. Anatidae and Scolopacidae were the best represented family, followed by Ardeidae, Accipitridae, Motacillidae and Emberizidae; 50% of species belonged to these six families. 18 of 124 endangered wild species, which designated threatened at the national scale, found in this study regions. CONCLUSION: Despite interest in birds using rice fields of Korean peninsula, knowledge of birds and rice fields there is extremely limited. We need more studies to understand and conserve for birds in rice fields of Korea.

논습지에 도래하는 수조류의 서식지 이용과 개체군 특성

남형규 ( Hyung Kyu Nam ),최승혜 ( Seung Hye Choi ),최유성 ( Yu Seong Choi ),유정칠 ( Jeong Chil Yoo ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.4

BACKGROUND: As natural wetlands are decreased by increment of human demand, the importance of rice fields as an alternative habitat for waterbirds is well documented. However, the relationship between waterbirds use and management practice of rice fields has not been fully understood. The present study attempted to understand the changes in temporal abundance of waterbirds and their preference for habitat types in rice fields all year round. METHODS AND RESULTS: Waterbirds census were conducted in rice fields around Asan bay in Korea during April 2009-March 2010 and April 2011-March 2012. In the bird counts, the locations of the observed birds on a 1/2,500 map were recorded along with the local habitat type (paddy, ditch, levee, road). Thirty five species of waterbirds recorded in the rice fields during the survey period and three major groups (shorebirds, herons, and waterfowls) were characterized according to season and micro-habitat use. Shorebirds visited a flooded paddy for feeding during their spring migration season (April-May), and herons used the rice field as feeding sites during their breeding periods (April-October). Most waterfowls were observed in a dry paddy to feed a fallen rice seed and stubs during the winter season (September-March). Waterbird groups selectively used micro-habitats in rice field. Shorebirds and waterfowls mainly preferred at rice paddies, while herons were attracted to most habitat types. CONCLUSION(S): Rice fields supported various waterbirds all year round and waterbird communities using the rice fields were dramatically changed according to seasonal change of rice field condition.

다른 시간 단위에서 백로류 개체군 변동과 그 결정 요인

남형규(Hyung-Kyu Nam),김명현(Myung-Hyun Kim),권순익(Soon-Ik Kwon),어진우(Jinu Eo),송영주(Young-Ju Song) 한국습지학회 2018 한국습지학회지 Vol.20 No.3

생태계 내에서 개체군 변동을 이해하는데 다양한 시간 스케일에서의 분석이 유용한 방법이 될 수 있다. 최근까지 다양한 시간 스케일에서의 개체군 변동에 대한 연구는 거의 드물다. 본 연구는 2014년부터 2017년까지 4년간 충남 당진시 석문면 논에 도래하는 백로류 개체군을 대상으로 시간 스케일에 따른 이들 개체군 변동에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 백로류는 황로, 왜가리, 중대백로, 중백로, 쇠백로만을 대상으로 하였으며, 고정된 지점에 설치된 무인모니터링 시스템을 활용하여 백로류의 개체군 변동을 다른 시간 단위의 스케일인 월 단위와 일 단위 변동으로 나누어 확인하였다. 그 결과, 월별 개체군 변동에 영향을 미치는 요인은 시기, 평균 온도, 평균 강수량으로 나타났고, 일별 개체군 변동에 영향을 미치는 요인은 평균 온도와 서식지 유형이 중요한 것으로 확인되었다. 시기의 통계적 유의성이 일 단위에서는 나타나지 않고 월 단위에서 확인된 이유는 백로류의 논 이용 패턴이 일 단위보다는 월 단위 스케일에서 명확히 구별되기 때문으로 판단된다. 이를 통해 시간 스케일에 따라 백로류에 영향을 미치는 요인에 차이가 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Multiple temporal scale can be a useful method to understand population dynamics in ecosystem. The multi-temporal scale approach for population dynamics has rarely been researched till lately. This study was carried out to identify the factors in affecting the population dynamics of herons, including Eastern Cattle Egret (Bubulcus coromadus), Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), Great Egret (A. alba), Intermediate Egret (Egretta intermedia) and Little Egret (E. garzetta), at rice paddy fields of Seokmun-myeon in the city of Dangjin, South Chungcheong Province during the main breeding periods from 2014 to 2017. We identified the population dynamics of herons at different time interval (day and month) using the unmanned monitoring system. As a result, monthly population dynamics was mostly affected by time, mean temperature and mean precipitation, whereas daily population dynamics was affected by mean temperature and habitat types. The results suggest that there are differences in the factors affecting the population dynamics of herons according to the time scale.

낙남정맥의 서식지 유형별 조류 군집 분석

황종경 ( Jong-kyeong Hwang ),한승우 ( Seung-woo Han ),조해진 ( Hae-jin Cho ),남형규 ( Hyung-kyu Nam ),유성연 ( Sung-yeon Yoo ),권인기 ( In-ki Kwon ),이준우 ( Joon-woo Lee ) 한국환경생태학회 2021 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.35 No.2

본 연구는 낙남정맥의 체계적인 관리 및 보전을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 낙남정맥의 6개의 중점조사지역(길마재, 천왕산, 여항산, 무학산, 천주산, 신어산)에서 지형, 환경특성 등을 고려하여 각 지점별로 조류 서식지 유형별 2개씩의 고정조사구를 선정하여 2018년 5월부터 10월까지 수행하였다. 낙남정맥 6개의 중점조사지역을 조사한 결과 총 48종 1,181개체의 조류가 확인되었다. 서식지 유형별 조류 출현종은 개발지에서 35종 567개체로 가장 많았으며 종다양도는 임도에서 2.66로가장 높았다. 낙남정맥의 서식지 유형별 영소길드 분석결과(Pearson Chi-square test, χ²=16.681, p<0.05) 개발지, 계곡부, 임도 모두 수관층(Canopy) 영소길드에 속한 군집의 빈도가 높았다. 채이길드 분석결과(Pearson Chi-square test, χ²=16.217, p<0.005) 개발지는 관목층(bush), 계곡부와 임도는 수관층 채이길드에 속한 군집의 빈도가 높았다. 길드 분석결과 낙남정맥의 임도구간은 대경목 임목과 천이된 초본류가 지빠귀류를 비롯하여 다양한 조류에게 충분한 영소 및 먹이자원을 제공하고 있었으며, 이러한 연구결과는 낙남정맥의 다양한 서식지가 조류서식에 다양한 자원을 제공하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to provide basic data for the systematic management and preservation of Nak-nam Jeongmaek. Of the Nak-nam Jeongmaek, six priority research areas, Gilmajae, Mt. Cheonwang, Mt. Yeohang, Mt. Muhak, Mt. Cheonju, Mt. Sineo, with consideration to terrain and environmental characteristics, were selected for this study. Two fixed plots for each bird habitat type were selected for each site and were surveyed identified 48 species with 1,181 individual birds. The largest number of species and individuals occupying a particular habitat type were found in the developed land with 35 species and 567 individuals. Species diversity was the highest at 2.66 in the forest road. According to the results of nesting guild analysis of Nak-nam Jeongmaek (Pearson Chi-square test, χ2=16.681, p<0.05) by each habitat type, the communities that belong to the canopy nesting guild showed a high frequency in the developed land, the valley, and the forest road. The results of the Pearson Chi-Square test (χ2=16.217, p<0.005) showed that the communities that belonged to the bush foraging guild were the most frequent in the developed land, and the communities that belonged to the canopy foraging guild were the most frequent in the valley and the forest road. The results of these studies suggest that the various habitats of the Nak-nam Jeongmaek provide a variety of resources for bird habitats.

An experimental study of electrocution-decreasing methods for Oriental Storks(Ciconia boyciana) in captivity

Dong-Soo Ha(하동수),Hyung-Kyu Nam(남형규),Jongmin Yoon(윤종민) 한국조류학회II 2018 한국조류학회지 Vol.25 No.2

감전사는 야생 조류의 사망에 영향을 끼치는 중요한 요인 중 하나이다. 예산군에서는 2015년부터 총 30마리의 황새(Ciconia boyciana)를 야생으로 복귀시켰지만 2마리가 전봇대에서 감전으로 사망하였다. 감전으로 인한 사망을 줄이기 위해서 사육 황새 8마리를 대상으로 전봇대를 횃대로 사용하는 것을 감소시키기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 2017년 3월부터 5월까지 흔한 2가지 형태의 전봇대에 조류퇴치용 스파이크와 와이어를 조합하여 설치한 후 황새의 이용 현황을 확인하였다. 실험 결과 스파이크 또는 스파이크와 와이어를 조합한 전봇대에는 황새의 횃대 사용이 유의미하게 줄어든 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 전봇대 상부에 조류퇴치용 스파이크 설치가 황새의 전봇대 이용을 줄일 수 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Electrocution is one of the key components affecting the mortality of birds. Various electrocution-decreasing methods refer to two directions: safe perching with insulation versus perching restriction. In Yesan County, we have reintroduced 30 oriental storks (Ciconia boyciana) since 2015. Two female storks died due to electrocution while perching in a utility pole in 2016. To reduce such electrocution mortality in storks, a branch of Korea Electric Power Corporation partly installed insulators in 630 utility poles located in the major habitats of Yesan in 2016-2017. Simultaneously, we conducted an experiment to reduce the perching events using 8 captive storks and the two types of common utility poles along with/without the installation of bird-spikes and/or wires in Mar-Jun of 2017. Our results indicated the installation of additional wires alone exhibited a lack of reduction in perching, while those of bird-spikes or both significantly decreased their perching frequencies. Therefore, the present study highlights the installation of bird spikes on top of utility poles may elicit a better effect so that storks avoid perching in utility poles, presumably resulting in lowering potential electrocution in the wild.

단보 : 우리나라 논 이용 조류 현황

김미란 ( Mi Ran Kim ),남형규 ( Hyung Kyu Nam ),김명현 ( Myung Hyun Kim ),조광진 ( Kwang Jin Cho ),강기경 ( Kee Kyung Kang ),나영은 ( Young Eun Na ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.2

BACKGROUND: Rice paddies not only produce food but also provides wildlife habitats. Although more than half agricultural land of South Korea is rice paddy, a few studies have been conducted in rice paddy ecosystem. We investigated a status of bird using a rice paddy in South Korea using published data. METHODS AND RESULTS: Birds using a rice paddy have been defined as birds which breed, rest or forage on rice paddy, bank, reservoirs or irrigation ditches. According to the publication from 1980s, birds using a rice paddy were total 47 families 279 species. Scolopacidae and Charadriidae (18%), Falconidae, Accipitridae and Strigidae (12%) and Anatidae (11%) used a rice paddy. Half of bird species using a rice paddy visited a dried rice paddy during the winter and 39.4% of them used a flooded rice paddy in spring, autumn or summer. Dependency on a rice paddy was high in ducks, egrets, cranes, and shorebirds. Population of dabbling ducks has decreased for last 12 years while cranes have increased. CONCLUSION(S): Rice paddies provide both migratory and terrestrial birds including endangered species for habitate all through the year in Korea.

봄철 논습지에 도래하는 도요,물떼새의 서식지 이용과 개체군 변동

최승혜 ( Seung Hye Choi ),남형규 ( Hyung Kyu Nam ),유정칠 ( Jeong Chil Yoo ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.4

BACKGROUND: Shorebirds use a variety of wetlands as their stopover sites to replenish energy and nutrient reserves along the migration route. It is increasingly important to understand how birds use the remaining available habitats during migration period, because shorebird stopover sites are often altered and destroyed. Rice fields serve as a major inland stopover site for migrating shorebirds. However, the information on habitat use patterns of shorebirds in rice fields is very limited in Korea. Therefore, we studied the patterns of shorebird abundance and their habitat use in rice fields during spring migration period in western.central Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Surveys were conducted at interval of 2.3 days during the spring migration period of 2014 at rice fields of mid.western Korea. We recorded the location of the observed birds on the rice field map according to the local habitat type. The habitat types were divided by physical structure and cultivation methods. Fifteen shorebird species and 7,852 individuals were recorded during the survey period. The number of shorebirdspecies and their abundance began to increase from the beginning of flooding in late.April, and reached a maximum in early.May. After rice transplantation, the number of shorebird species and their abundance dramatically declined. Shorebirds selectively used paddy and levee rather than road and ditch and most species used shallow depth field type. Plowed field types were less attractive to most species. CONCLUSION: Flooding rice fields were functioned as stopover sites for a variety of shorebird species during spring migration period. Furthermore, these results provide that the appropriate agricultural practices can be improving the habitat quality for shorebirds.

영농방법에 따른 논 생태계 저서무척추동물 분포 특성

한민수 ( Min Su Han ),남형규 ( Hyung Kyu Nam ),강기경 ( Kee Kyung Kang ),김미란 ( Miran Kim ),나영은 ( Young Eun Na ),김혜림 ( Hye Rim Kim ),최락중 ( Lak Jung Choe ),김명현 ( Myung Hyun Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-

최근 사회의 발전과 더불어 소비자들의 요구가 다양화되고, 환경에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 생 산성 증대에서 환경 보전에 기여하는 농업으로의 전환의 필요성이 커지게 되었다. 유기농법과 관행농법과 같은 재배 방식의 차이는 생물 서식지에 다양한 영향을 끼치기 때문에 실제 유기농업이 생물에게 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해서 두 농법에 따른 생물다양성 차이를 비교할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 유기농법 지역과 관행농법 지역의 저서무척추동물의 군집 특성을 비교하기 위해 수행되었다. 조사 기간은 2009년부터 2011년까지였고 11개 지역을 조사 대상지로 하였다. 영농방법에 따라 개체수, 종수, 종구성 특성을 비교하였다. 저서무척추동물은 유기농법 지역에서 훨씬 많은 개체 수와 종수가 기록되었으며, 종수와 개체수의 범위도 관행농법 지역에 비해 월등히 높은 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 특히, 산림 지역으로 둘러싸인 지역에서 유기농법으로 재배할 경우 다른 경관적 요 소로 둘러싸인 지역보다 저서무척추동물의 종수 및 개체수 증가에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 종 다양성을 유지 또는 회복하기 위해서 농약과 같은 화학물질의 사용을 제한해야 하며, 특히, 산간 지역의 논 생태계에서 유기농법으로 벼를 재배할 경우 저서무척추동물의 종 다양 성이 크게 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

논 생태계 내 유기농법 재배 지역과 관행농법 재배 지역의 저서무척추동물군집의 특성

한민수 ( Min Su Han ),남형규 ( Hyung Kyu Nam ),강기경 ( Kee Kyung Kang ),김미란 ( Mi Ran Kim ),나영은 ( Young Eun Na ),김혜림 ( Hye Rim Kim ),김명현 ( Myung Hyun Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Research Article : BACKGROUND: Today, environmentally friendly farming has become an important feature of agricultural policy. It promotes or sustains farming systems which protect and enhance the environment. This study was conducted to compare benthic invertebrate communities in an organic and a conventional paddy field in South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Benthic invertebrates were collected at 11 regions of a rice paddy from June to August, 2009, 2010 and 2011. These comparisons undertaken using a community assessment approaches such as the number of individuals and species and community composition. Generally, the larger number of individuals and species of benthic invertebrates was observed in an organic paddy than in a conventional paddy field. Organic paddy fields could supported the wider range of species and abundance in aquatic invertebrates comparing to conventional paddy fields. Carrying capacity to support larger numbers of invertebrates also tends to be higher in organic paddy than in conventional paddy field. Specially, organic farming regions surrounded by forests were high quality habitat for benthic invertebrates than other surrounded regions such as grassland. CONCLUSION(S): We concluded that organic farming was more advantaged to benthic invertebrates than conventional farming. In order to improve biodiversity in rice paddy field, farming regimes without agricultural chemicals are recommended. The effect of organic management on biodiversity and abundance of benthic invertebrates could be maximized across highland farmland.

Testing the potential of lightweight drones as a tool for monitoring the status of colonially breeding Saunders's gulls (Saundersilarus saundersi)

Han-I Choi(최한이),Hyung-Kyu Nam(남형규),Jongmin Yoon(윤종민) 한국조류학회 2020 한국조류학회지 Vol.27 No.1

무인항공기는 최근 물새류의 번식지를 포함한 다양한 야생 동물 현황을 조사하는데 사용되고 있으며, 비침습적인 방식으로 야생동물의 개체수와 분포에 대한 조사 데이터를 얻는데 용이하다. 검은머리갈매기(Saundersilarus saundersi)는 갯벌 주변 매립지에서 집단 번식하는 물새류로, 집단 방어행동으로 인해 둥지를 직접 조사 등 인위적인 방해 없이 번식현황을 파악하기 어려운 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 인천 매립지 서식 검은머리갈매기 집단 번식지에서 소형 드론을 사용하여 번식 현황을 조사하였다. 2018년, 선조사 방식의 Distance Sampling 방법으로 번식기 동안 반복 조사를 실시했다. 드론으로 녹화된 비디오 데이터는 조사 선에서 개체 또는 둥지까지의 거리로 변환하여 기록하였다. 결과적으로, 번식기 동안 집단 번식지의 밀도가 급격히 감소하였으며, 2018년 집단 번식은 둥지포식에 의해 완전한 실패하는 패턴을 보였다. 따라서, Distance Sampling 기반으로 비침습적이고 저비용의 무인항공기 조사방법은 데이터 수집과 추정에 불확실성이 존재하지만, 물새류 집단 번식지 모니터링에 유용하다고 추론된다. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are recently used to survey a diversity of wildlife status, including breeding colonies of seabirds, which provides empirical data of wildlife numbers and distributions with fewer disturbances. The Saunders’s gull (Saundersilarus saundersi) is a colonially breeding seabird species on reclaimed lands near mudflats. It is also known to be difficult to estimate the breeding status without disturbance such as directly checking nests due to their group defense behavior. In this study, we used a lightweight drone to survey the breeding status of Saunders’s gulls in a reclaimed area of Incheon, Republic of Korea. Then, we approached a distance sampling method with fixed line transects along multiple surveys during the breeding season of 2018. The video data recorded by UAV were transcribed into individual- or nest-based distances from each line transect. The results of our survey indicated that the relative size of breeding colony rapidly decreased throughout the breeding season, showing the complete failure pattern of the breeding colony in 2018. We suggest that this non-invasive, less expensive UAV method with distance sampling may be useful to estimate the breeding status of seabird colonies in spite of uncertainty of data collection and estimation.