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오닐의 희곡에 나타난 애증의 양면 감정 - 「 얼음장수 오다 」 와 「 밤으로의 긴 여로 」 를 중심으로 -
김희수(Hi Soo Kim) 한국연극학회 1997 한국연극학 Vol.9 No.1
Hate is the underlying emotion of most people. Love is the only emotion that is not natural and it has to be learned. June Call wood says that love takes thirty years to learn. According to him, no love, even maternal love, is instinctive or innate. Therefore when most people speak of love they mean getting it, not giving it. Freud believes that mankind is inherently destructive and he called humanity a gang of murders. One of the important themes in O`Neill`s plays is love-hate ambivalence. In Long Day`s Journey into Night this ambivalence appears in the relationship of Jamie-Tyrone, Mary-Tyrone, and Jamie-Edmund. The four families have many battle of hate, but they understand, forgive, and love each other. In The Iceman Cometh a hardware seller, Hickey loves his wife, Evelyn, and at the same time he began to hate her. He couldn`t forgive her for her forgiving his guilt. So he killed her for his loving her. We can find there is inconsistent in his story. In Long Day`s Journey into Night as Edmund says, in spite of mother`s loving us, she hated us, the last two acts reiterate the love-hate themes about Tyrone`s tightfistedness, Mary`s addiction and Jamie`s jealousy of Edmund. And in the relationship of four families, each member of the family has the opposite emotions for the others: pride and shame, love and hate, contempt and admiration. As Tyrone`s four families feel, human beings are capable of loving and hating at the same time. In studying the love-hate ambivalence of each member of Tyrone`s family, I know the love-hate relationship is a meeting of opposites which established the rhythm of O`Neill`s plays. Love and hate are surely opposites, but the great truth at which O`Neill arrives is that they are psychologically and physiologically same things. Even though Eric Bentley criticizes that the love-hate ambivalence is a red herring over descriptions in O`Neill plays, it is surmised that love is psychologically and psychiatrically hate in applying to O`Neill`s characters. Love and hate, the structure of this ambivalence, is not only a victory in O`Neill`s autobiographic creation, but it is a psychological phenomenon that all of human beings can universally feel in the daily life.