한국의 신체문화에서 앎(知)과 함(行)의 관계 : 유가(儒家)를 중심으로

김이수 ( Yi Soo Kim ) 대한무도학회 2008 대한무도학회지 Vol.10 No.1

『조선(朝鮮)의 궁술(弓術)』에 관한 연구(1) -현대적 가치와 의미-

김이수 ( Yi Soo Kim ) 한국체육사학회 2011 체육사학회지 Vol.16 No.2

이 연구는『朝鮮의 弓術』에 담겨있는 궁술의 내용을 파악하여 한국 활쏘기의 실체를 파악함으로서 『조선의 궁술』이 갖는 가치와 의미를 조망해보기 위한 것이다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 『조선의 궁술』의 구성과 체제는 揮毫, 서문, 본문(8장), 부록(2장)으로 구성되었다. 둘째, 편찬 작업에 참여한 인물은 궁사(41인)를 비롯하여 당대의 문인 및 화가(5인)와 무신(2인)이 대거 참여하였다. 이는 궁술에 대한 관심을 유도하기 위한 것이다. 셋째, 『조선의 궁술』은 전국의 활쏘기를 검토하지 못하고, 경성에 한정하고 있다는 점에서 조선 전체의 활쏘기 풍습(사풍과 사법 등)을 대변하기에는 한계가 있다. 넷째, 순수한 조선의 활쏘기만을 다루었다는 점에서 일제강점기에 조선의 주체성을 찾기 위한 노력의 일환으로 해석해도 무방해 보인다. 다섯째, ``朝鮮弓術硏究會``의 창립 시기는 1928년이며, 1932년에 ``朝鮮弓道會``로 명칭이 변경되었음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this research is to take a view of the value and significance of ≪Archery of Choson`s≫ by grasping the substance of Korean traditional archery which is contained in the book titled, ≪Archery of Choson`s≫. The research results are as follows: First, the constitution and system of ≪Archery of Choson`s≫ consists of Handwriting, Preface, Body, and Appendix. Second, many professionals had participated in the compilation jobs; included in the works were 41 archers together with five writers and painters of the day, and two military officials. This was intended to draw public attention to archery. Third, there is a limit to what this book -≪Archery of Choson`s≫ cannot speak for the archery custom that represent the entire Choson Period, for it describes archery techniques practiced only In the vicinity of Gyeongseong not having reviewed closely the archery practiced throughout the nation. Fourth, it can be interpreted as a part of efforts to seek identity of Choson during the Japanese colonial rule in light of that the book dealt with purely traditional Choson`s archery. Fifth, the year of establishment of ``Choson Gungsul Yeongu Hoe`` was 1928, and, in 1932, its name was changed into ``Choson Gungdo Hoe.``

현대사회에서 이종격투기의 인식에 관한 고찰

김이수(Yi Soo Kim),지동철(Dong Cheol Ji) 한국체육철학회 2006 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.14 No.2

유학에서의 천리(踐履)와 체육학에서의 앎(知)에 대한 연구

김이수(Yi Soo Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2014 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.57

If it is said that human beings seek affluence and happiness in their life through thought promptedby their desire for knowledge, from the perspective of physica leducation, happiness is sought throughknowledge(knowledge is expressed as an action(行) combined with a healthy body and superior abilitiesthat obtained from continuous physical activities. While the essence of knowledge(知) is doing philosophy ,the essence of action(行) is doing physical education for pursut iof health. Therefore, physical education is acertain study for embodied knowledge and physical practice(行), which is why knowledge(知) and action(行)as separated concepts cannot satisfy the completed value containing both ``doing philosophy`` and ``doingphysical education`` and the utmost value is knowledge compatibel with an action. This is seen in a Confucia nconception, unity of knowledge and practice(知行合一), and excellence emphasized by Aristotle. Thus, trueknowledge would be wisdom(智), that is, knowledge(知) combined with action(行). Ceaseless efforts to attainknowledge is phrased as a study(工夫). The first meaning is interpreted as simple knowledge(知), that is, beingskilled and familiar through indirect experience, and the second is interpreted as talents or skills that is embodiedand manifested naturally through physical action(行). The last means life(生) as a process of true practicethat opens the journey of life through learning and exceelnl t body that were gained from knowledge(知 )and action(行). To this end, as Confucianism emphasized persona pl ractice(躬行) and continuous explorationof body(體究) for the realization of the good knowledge(致良知), in physical education, the ideal processof knowledge would be unity of knowledge and practice(行知合一) that searches for practical knowledgethrough procedural knowledge incarnated by the body. In other words, the ultimate end of Confucianism andphysical education is to attain wisdom(智) that comes from practicing(行) knowledge(知).

동양무예의 알레고리(allegory) 연구

김이수(Yi Soo Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2014 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.56

The researcher aims to present a new paradigm by preparing a theoretical system for martial arts having tried to encounter with oriental thoughts. In this paper, the researcher has tried to discover the internal consciousness(allegory) of the principles of training that implicated in the oriental martial arts in the Tao-Te-Ching 道德經, DODEOKGYEONG in Korean, The Way and Its Power). As a result, the researcher is able to explain the training processes of oriental martial arts by integrating it into three subjects: physical training, learning to cultivate fundamental principle of the mind, and education for personality development. Their specific contents are as follows: First, it`s the allegory appeared in physical training. The thing that can be easily overlooked in the course of martial arts training is to be alert our body to act(作爲, JAGWI). To do this, the trainees should learn basic stance, and the arts of ‘YUNEUNGJEGANG’(柔能制剛 - gentleness can overcome strength) as well. In addition, there is a methodological case, which is the process to acquire the desired level through physical activity. This can be explained by means of ‘HWA’(和 - harmony). Ultimately, ‘HWA’ equates with reaching a level of ‘HWAIBUDONG’(和而不同 - seek harmony without uniformity.) This will coincide with the principle such as ‘DOBEOPJAYEON’(道法自然 - those of TAO(道) are conditioned by those of the what-is-so-of-itself)’ as described in the Tao-Te-Ching. Second, it is the allegory related to the learning to cultivate fundamental principles of the mind. In martial arts training, this is why ‘MUSIM’(無心 - innocence, having not a care in the world), or ‘HEOSIM’(虛心 - modesty) is emphasized. That is to say, this is all for the sake of not to concentrate on individual matters. Third, it is allegory as education for personality development. The ultimate goal of martial arts training is to develop virtuous human being. And, that is TAO-the way. Thus, this part of Tao by Lao-tzu(老子, NOJA) where practice of Tao was emphasized with understanding thereof in a realistic manner carries important meaning rather than metaphysical or ontological meaning of the body and the mind.

체육관련학과 실기고사 바로서기

김이수(Kim Yi-Soo),김태현(Kim Tae-Hyun),강덕모(Kang Deuk-Mo) 한국체육과학회 2008 한국체육과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

This study is for raising the necessity of the improvement about the performance exam as the entrance formalities that are the first gateway to discover and train capable men of physical training approaching critically the inherent problems that the performance exam has for this, we categorized the performance exam item of the department of physical education that are operated in each national capital university. The measuring results acquired that are analyzed by access of critical sight shows. Unbalanced existence of a measuring factor and also it indicates the educational target of a department and the heterogeneous performance exam are carried out resolutely. The measurement factor of physical strength concentrates on specific parts and the evaluation for skin of physical professionality doesn't carry out. This problem will give wrong physical mind to potential physicians who should master acquisition principle and intend to healthy body and intact physical ability. If the performance exam doesn't reflect speciality of department, we will offer a league for people who want to enter the university without obvious consciousness of target and that will work as a factor threatens the existence of department. Thus to follow the tradition of physical education and develop over and over, the performance exam as the first barrier of an entrance for scouting a capable man should be corrected.

현암 송덕기와 택견에 대한 연구

김이수 ( Yi Soo Kim ),허일웅 ( Il Woong Huh ) 대한무도학회 2002 대한무도학회지 Vol.4 No.1

동양무예(東洋武藝)에 보이는 단급제도(段級制度)와 품계제도(品階制度)에 관한 연구

김이수 ( Yi Soo Kim ) 대한무도학회 2009 대한무도학회지 Vol.11 No.1

동양무예에서의 수련체계는 `단급제도`라는 독특한 제도를 통해 객관화, 계량화, 투명화함으로서 체계화하려는 노력으로 해석된다. 그리고 이에 대한 특징은 다음과 같이 나열할 수 있겠다. 첫째는 제도에 대한 연원에 관한 것이다. `단급제도`가 동양무예에서만 나타난다고는 할 수 없으며, 동양문화에 나타난 품계제도의 영향을 받았다고 할 수 있다. 둘째는 동양무예에서 칭호제도를 함께 활용하고 있는 것은 동양문화(무예)의 특징인 주관성을 확보함으로서 동양문화의 내면적이고 암묵적인 체계를 유지하기 위한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 칭호제도는 단급제도와 위기구품제, 더 나아가서는 儒家(切·磋·琢·磨)와 佛家(聞·思·修)의 문화와 일치하는 것을 통해 알 수 있다. 셋째는 검도에서 사용하고 있는 칭호제도이다. 현재 검도에서만 사용하고 있는 칭호제도는 단급제도의 문제점을 보완하는 좋은 제도로 평가된다. 따라서 다른 무예단체에서도 활용가치가 있다고 할 수 있다. 넷째는 태권도에서의 `품제도`는 전통적인 품계제도와는 관련성이 없으며, 단지 성인과 유소년의 수준을 분리하기 위한 방법으로 활용하고 있으며, 유도나 합기도에서의 `소년단제도`와 같은 개념으로 이해하는 것이 정확할 것으로 판단된다. 마지막으로 동양무예의 수련체계를 객관화, 계량화, 투명화한다는 것은 관념적인 차원에서 실용적인 문화로 변모하고 있음을 보여주는 단적인 예라고 하겠다. 그러나 동양무예만이 갖는 특징이 사라지고 있다는 것은 무예인들이 한 번 생각해 볼 문제이다. It is interpreted that the practice system(or training system) in the oriental martial arts is an endeavor to systemize the martial arts by achieving objectification, quantification, and transparency thereof through a special and unique system, called `DAN-GUB system`. And, the characteristics of this system can be enumerated as follows: First, it is a matter related to the source of the system. We can`t claim that `DAN-GUB system` is found only in the oriental martial arts. In the meantime, however, it`s probably safe to say that `DAN-GUB system` has been affected by the class hierarchy system(品階制度, pronounced "Pumgyejedo" in Korean) shown in the oriental martial arts. Second, it is judged that the purpose of utilizing the title system in the oriental martial arts is to maintain internal and implicit system of oriental culture by securing subjectivity which is the characteristics of the oriental culture(martial arts). And the title system can also be understood through congruence in conjunction with `DAN-GUB system` and "Wigigupum" and, furthermore, the title system can be understood through the conformity with the method of education in Confucius culture, such as Jeol, Cha, Tak, Ma (切·磋·琢·磨: literally, Cut, File, Carve, Polish, which means gradual improvement by slow polishing) as well as the method of practice in Buddhist culture, such as Mun, Sa, Su(聞·思·修: hearing, thinking, and practicing of Buddha`s teaching). Third, in fencing, the title system is also used. The title system that is currently used only in the fencing has been well appreciated as a good system that complements the problems of DAN-GUB system. Therefore, it can be said that the title system has a use value in other martial arts organization as well. Fourth, `Pum` system in Taekwondo is not related to the traditional class hierarchy system. Meanwhile, however, it has been used as for the method to separate adults from youths. It is judged that it would be more correct if it is understood as the same concept of the juvenile grade system in Judo and Hapkido. Lastly, it can be said that to make the practice system(training system) of oriental martial arts objectified, quantified, and transparent is a good example to show the changes ranging from ideational dimension to practical culture. However, a phenomenon of vanishing the characteristics that is owned only by the oriental martial arts is an issue to think over by martial arts masters.

콜라겐 트리펩타이드를 고함량으로 함유하는 콜라겐 가수분해물의 피부 보습 효과

김애향(Ae-Hyang Kim),김이수(Yi-Soo Kim),박철(Zhe Piao),신용철(Yong Chul Shin),하민우(Min Woo Ha) 한국식품과학회 2018 한국식품과학회지 Vol.50 No.4

본 연구에서는 식용 어류로부터 얻은 콜라겐을 효소 처리하여 글라이신-프롤린-하이드록시프롤린(Gly-Pro-Hyp, GPH)과 같은 트리펩타이드의 함량이 높은 콜라겐 가수분해물을 얻었고, 이 저분자 콜라겐 가수분해물(이하 콜라겐 트리펩타이드)의 피부 보습효과를 생체 외 실험(in vitro)과 생체 내 실험(in vivo)을 설계하여 증명하고자 하였다. 사람의 피부 섬유아세포 HDF 세포를 자외선 조사를 통해 인위적으로 손상된 세포를 만든 후, 콜라겐 트리펩타이드가 이를 회복시키는 정도를 몇 가지 보습인자의 활성과 발현량으로 확인하였다. Ceramide kinase의 효소활성은 콜라겐 트리펩타이드의 농도에 의존적으로 증가하였고, hyaluronic acid의 농도 역시 유의적으로 증가하였다. 더불어 히알루론산을 합성하는 유전자인 HAS2의 mRNA와 단백질 발현량이 시료의 처리양에 비례하여 증가하였고, 히알루론산을 분해하는 효소인 HYAL1의 수준은 콜라겐 트리펩다이드의 농도에 의존적으로 감소하였다. 상기의 효과는 1형 콜라겐을 합성하는 Collagen 1A 유전자의 단백질 발현량과 피부염증과 종양발생 시 증가한다고 알려진 CD44의 발현량의 확인으로 증명되었다. 유기용매의 도포로 피부건조를 유도한 동물모델을 사용하여 콜라겐 트리펩타이드의 피부에의 유효성을 평가하기 위해 경피수분손실량(TEWL)와 수분함유량을 직접적으로 측정한 바, 콜라겐 트리펩타이드 34 mg/kg bw의 고용량 처리군에서 가장 긍정적인 변화가 확인되었으나 17 mg/kg bw의 콜라겐 트리펩타이드 처리군에서도 수분함량에서 유의적인 변화가 관찰되었다. 이는 피부 건조로 유도된 가려움증에 대하여 동물이 자신의 몸을 긁는 행위를 계수한 결과와 같은 양상을 보였다. 또한 피부가 건조할 시 유도될 수 있는 염증인자인 TNF-α와 IL-6의 단백질 발현량을 동물 피부 조직을 적출하여 확인하였고, 염색법을 통하여 피부 진피 내 탄력섬유의 변화를 가시적으로 제시하였다. 이 피부 조직에서의 Collagen 1A와 AQP3의 단백질 발현량 및 세라마이드 키나이제, HAS2, 그리고 HYAL1 효소활성 결과는 상기의 누적된 콜라겐 트리펩타이드의 보습 효과를 더불어 증명하여 주었다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 연구의 저자는 콜라겐 트리펩타이드가 피부 보습에 효능을 갖는 소재로서 활용가치가 높음을 알 수 있었으며, 현재 시장에서 유통되고 있는 분자량 1000 Da 이상의 콜라겐 가수분해물보다도 저분자화 되며 트리펩타이드를 다량 함유하는 상기의 소재가 증명된 유효성과 증가된 체내 흡수도에 근거하여 보다 확장된 가능성을 보여줄 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. Skin ageing is associated with compromised performance of its fundamental barrier functions, with undesirable changes in appearance. Since this may introduce a detrimental impact on the quality of life, significant effort to discover effective ingredients against ageing is being invested. Recently, collagen hydrolysates containing tripeptides such as Gly- Pro-Hyp (GPH) have been developed with anticipation of improved effects compared to that of existing collagen hydrolysate-products. To evaluate the cutaneous hydration effect of collagen tripeptides (CTP), meaningful biomarkers in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and NC/Nga Tnd mice were analyzed in this study. Increased levels of ceramide kinase, hyaluronic acid, collagen 1A, and hyaluronan synthase-2 (HAS2), and decreased levels of hyaluronidase-1 (HYAL1) and CD44 in HDF cells were demonstrated. Furthermore, significant reduction of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), scratching behavior, HYAL1, TNF-α and IL-6 and increased water content and HAS2 were verified by in vivo tests. These results strongly suggest the potential of CTP as a skin hydration agent.

구술사(口述史) 연구에서 물증자료의 역할과 활용

김명권 ( Myoung Gwoun Kim ),김이수 ( Yi Soo Kim ),박기동 ( Gi Dong Park ) 한국체육사학회 2010 체육사학회지 Vol.15 No.2