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김무용 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2012 International Journal of Korean History Vol.17 No.2
Some families among the civilian massacre victims' bereaved families have published their autobiographies and life histories where their own personal histories have been organized. The meaning of autobiography and life history in the research of state violence or civilian massacre is different from general oral testimony. The autobiographies and biographies of the victim's bereaved families have strong merits, which can make us understand the problems or relations among personal pains and family, society, and state violence through a victim's personal life, experience, and history. The important characteristics of the victim's bereaved autobiographies are related to the storytelling subject. The main focus of storytelling or narratives are still his/her family or parents. The family was the only space where the bereaved could not only live their own daily lives, but also share and tell their resentment and pain. It could give them consolation and healing through the understanding and sharing of their scars and pains in the context of the state's and society's denial or avoidance of civilian massacres. The meaning of family to the bereaved was a life community against the state or society, which led to the massacre or remained as spectators. The autobiographies and life histories of the victim's bereaved has drawn the personal resistance and silence against state violence and social adaptation. The bereaved who experienced the massacre or state violence suffered from feeling impotent at the time. Their fears of state violence continued to silence. The silence of the bereaved was one type of social adaptation and survival. On the other hand, it meant the internalization of resistance or speechless defiance. Considering the life histories of the victims' bereaved by state violence, they showed over-adaptation to state and society. This was a general phenomenon with exceptional representation, but did not mean that they lost their identities and stopped their resistance against state violence. The massacre victims' bereaved families were conflicted in their inner mind to accept their identities, and this developed to a type of victims' consciousness. Their identities were formed by the social stigma that they were children of the reds. State policy and social prejudice made the bereaved families continuously agonize about themselves and their identities as the children of the victims. The identity of the bereaved was not a simple result of a person's inner reflection, but was formed in relation with the outer world, like state and society. The formation of the identities of the bereaved was revealed with various shapes in chasing the perpetrators and seeking truth, and participating in related group. In conclusion, the autobiographies of the bereaved families are forms of writing or telling of the family as politics of accusation. The testimony or storytelling in their books is a building process for producing their own narratives and subjects and confirming process to their own worlds. The bereaved's autobiography is an accusation story that they confirmed their identities as the family of the victims who was massacred by the state, and revealed the damage to family to society. In the light of this point, the autobiographies of the bereaved families are spaces for accusation politics and even realization of resistance politics. From this point, we can think of the subversive meaning of writing politics or storytelling politics through autobiographies.
카테콜 치환체를 가진 세파로스포린계 항생제 LB10522의 작용기전
김무용,오정인,백경숙,김인철,곽진환,Kim, Mu-Yong,Oh, Jeong-In,Paek, Kyoung-Sook,Kim, In-Chull,Kwak, Jin-Hwan 대한약학회 1996 약학회지 Vol.40 No.1
LB10522 is a new parenteral broad spectrum cephalosporin with a catechol moiety at C-7 position of beta-lactam ring. This compound can utilize tonB-dependent iron transp ort system in addition to porin proteins to enter bacterial periplasmic space and access to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which are the lethal targets of ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotics. The chelating activity of LB10522 to metal iron was measured by spectrophotometrically scanning the absorbance from 200 to 900nm. When $FeCl_3$ was added, optical density was increased between 450 and 800nm. LB10522 was more active against gram-negative strains in iron-depleted media than in iron-replete media. This is due to the increased expression of iron transport channels in iron-depleted condition. LB10522 showed a similar activity against E. coli DC2 (permeability mutant) and E. coli DCO (wild type strain) in both iron-depleted and iron-replete media, indicating a minimal permeaility barrier for LB10522 uptake. LB10522 had high affinities to PBP 3 and PBP 1A, 1B of E. coli. By blocking these proteins, LB10522 caused inhibition of cell division and the eventual death of cells. This result was correlated well with the morphological changes in E. coli exposed to LB10522. Although the in vitro MIC of LB10522 against P. aeruginosa 1912E mutant (tonB) was 8-times higher than that of the P. aeruginosa 1912E parent strain, LB10522 showed a similar in vivo protection efficacy against both strains in the mouse systemic infection model. This result suggested that tonB mutant, which requires a high level of iron for normal growth, might have a difficulty in surviving in their host with an iron-limited environment.