The Effect of Comprehensive Hand Repetitive Intensive Strength Training (CHRIST) Using Motion Analysis in Children with Cerebral Palsy

김동아,Jeong-Joon Park,Jung-Ah Lee,Pil-Woo Hwang,Min-Jin Lee,Hyun-Kyung Kim,유승현,이동률,이남기 대한재활의학회 2012 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.36 No.1

Objective To investigate the eff ect of Comprehensive Hand Repetitive Intensive Strength Training (CHRIST) on upper limb function in children with cerebral palsy using motion analysis. Method Th e subjects in this study included 19 children (10 males, 9 females, mean age=8.8 years) with cerebral palsy. Th e experimental group (n=10) received CHRIST and general rehabilitation therapy. Th e control group (n=9) received a home program as well as general rehabilitation therapy. Both groups received30 sessions of CHRIST or home program training for 60 minutes per session 3 times a week during the 10-week period. The reaching movements were captured by a motion analysis system. Kinematic variables including movement time (MT), mean velocity (MV),normalized jerk score (NJS), mean angular velocity (MAV) and normalized jerk score of the shoulder, elbow and wrist joint with comfortable and fast speed were analyzed between groups and the pre-post training group. Results After pre- and post-training experimental group, MT, MV, NJS, MAV of shoulder, elbow, wrist and NJS of elbow and wrist improved significantlyin reaching movement of both comfortable and fast speed (p<0.05). However, After pre- and post-training control group, MV improved significantlyin reaching movement of only comfortable speed (p<0.05). Between two groups, MT and MAV of the elbow at comfortable speed and NJS of the elbow at fast speed were statisticallysignifi cant (p<0.05). Conclusion CHRIST proved to be an effective intervention for improving upper limb extremity function of reaching movement in children with cerebral palsy.

불균형 자료에 대한 분류분석

김동아,강수연,송종우,Kim, Dongah,Kang, Suyeon,Song, Jongwoo 한국통계학회 2015 응용통계연구 Vol.28 No.3

일반적인 2집단 분류(2-class classification)의 경우, 두 집단의 비율이 크게 차이나지 않는 경우가 많다. 본 논문에서는 두 집단의 비율이 크게 차이나는 불균형 데이터(unbalanced data)의 분류 문제에 대해서 다루고자 한다. 불균형 데이터의 분류방법은 균형이 맞는 데이터(balanced data)의 경우보다 분류하기 어려운 경우가 많다. 이런 자료에서 보통의 분류모형을 적용하게 되면 많은 경우에 대부분의 관측치가 큰 집단으로 분류 되는 경우가 많은데 실질적인 어플리케이션에서는 이런 오분류가 손해가 더 큰 경우가 대부분이다. 우리는 sampling 기법을 이용하여 다양한 분류 방법론의 성능을 비교 분석 하였다. 또한 비대칭 손실(asymmetric loss)을 가정한 경우에 어떤 방법론이 가장 작은 loss를 생성하는 지를 비교하였다. 성능 비교를 위해서는 오분류율(misclassification rate), G-mean, ROC, 그리고 AUC(Area under the curve) 등을 이용하였다. We study a classification problem of significant differences in the proportion of two groups known as the unbalanced classification problem. It is usually more difficult to classify classes accurately in unbalanced data than balanced data. Most observations are likely to be classified to the bigger group if we apply classification methods to the unbalanced data because it can minimize the misclassification loss. However, this smaller group is misclassified as the larger group problem that can cause a bigger loss in most real applications. We compare several classification methods for the unbalanced data using sampling techniques (up and down sampling). We also check the total loss of different classification methods when the asymmetric loss is applied to simulated and real data. We use the misclassification rate, G-mean, ROC and AUC (area under the curve) for the performance comparison.

The Reliability and Validity of Revised Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving(CPAD2)

J. J. Kim(김진주),H. Choi(최현),M. H. Lim(임문희),J. A. Lee(이정아),H. S. Han(한희선),J. H. Bae(배재혁),J. J. Lee(이재진),M. H. Kim(김미혜),H. L. Kim(김학률),D. A. Kim(김동아) 한국재활복지공학회 2018 재활복지공학회논문지 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구는 뇌졸중환자에게 있어 개정판 운전인지검사(revised Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving : 이하 CPAD2)의 신뢰성과 타당성을 평가하기 위해 진행되었다. 발병 전에 실제 운전을 했던 뇌졸중환자 30명을 대상으로 하였고, 각 피험자는 CPAD2와 실제 도로주행평가를 받았다. CPAD2의 신뢰성을 평가하기 위한 내적 일치도를 보았고, 타당성을 평가하기 위해 CPAD2와 도로주행평가점수의 상관성을 분석하였다. CPAD2의 내적일치도를 보기위한 Cronbach"s α 값은 0.726(p<.05)으로 바람직하였다. CPAD2 점수는 도로주행평가점수와 유의한 상관성이 있었고(r=0.625, p<.001), 불합격군의 도로주행평가점수는 합격군의 도로주행평가점수보다 유의하게 낮았다(F=7.302, p<.05). 결론적으로, 본 연구를 통해 CPAD2가 도로주행평가점수와 상관성이 있고 타당성이 있음을 확인하였다. 그러므로 CPAD2는 뇌졸중환자의 실제 운전 능력을 평가하기 위한 도구로 유용할 것으로 사료된다. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the revised Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving (CPAD2) in stroke patients. Thirty patients with stroke who were actively driving prior to stroke incidence participated in the study. Each participant was evaluated using CPAD2 and a road driving test. To determine the reliability of the composition of the CPAD2 criteria, the internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) was measured and the validity was verified by analyzing the correlation between the road driving test and CPAD2 scores. The Cronbach’s α value was acceptable at 0.726 (p<.05) to verify the internal consistency of CPAD2. A significant correlation was observed between the scores of CPAD2 and the road driving test (r=0.625, p<.001). The score of the failed group was significantly lower than that of the passed group(F=7.302, p<.05). We concluded that CPAD2 was correlated with the road driving test scores and confirmed its validity. Therefore, CPAD2 is a useful tool for evaluating actual driving performance of stroke patients.

메시지 다이제스트를 이용한 구조화된 문서의 변화 탐지

김동아(Dong-Ah Kim),이석균(Suk Kyoon Lee) 한국정보과학회 2002 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.29 No.2Ⅰ

XML/HTML 문서와 같이 트리 구조로 표현되는 데이터의 변화 탐지는 NP-hard의 문제로 이에 대한 효율적인 구현은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 효율적인 변화 탐지를 위해 트리 구조의 데이터를 X-tree로 표현하고 이에 기초한 휴리스틱 알고리즘을 제안한다. X-tree에서는 모든 서브트리의 무트 노드에 서브트리의 구조와 소속 노드들의 데이터들을 128비트의 해시값으로 표현하여 저장함으로 신 · 구 버전의 X-tree들에 속한 서브트리들의 비교가 매우 효율적이다. 제시한 변화 탐지 알고리즘에서는 구 버전의 X-tree의 모든 서브트리들에 대해 신 버전의 X-tree에서 동등한 서브트리들을 찾고, 이들에 기초하여 이동 연산이 발생한 서브트리들과 갱신 연산이 발생한 서브트리들을 순차적으로 찾는다. 이 때 이동 연산과 갱신 연산으로 대응되는 서브트리는 동등 서브트리로부터 루트 노드로 대응 관계를 확장하는 가운데 발견된다. 이후 깊이 우선으로 검색하면서 나머지 노드들을 대응시킨다. X-tree의 구조적 특징에 기인하여 노드들 간의 비교를 통해 대응 여부를 검사하는 대부분의 기존 연구와는 달리 서브트리의 비교를 통해 대부분의 대응 관계를 결정하므로 효율적인 변화 탐지가 가능하다. 본 알고리즘은 최악의 경우에서도 N을 신 · 구 버전 문서의 전체 노드 수라 할 때 O(N)의 시간 복잡도를 갖는다.

리듬운동참가자의 인지적 자유감과 참살이의 관계

김동아(Dong A Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2006 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.27

대학생의 여가동기와 여가태도가 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향

김동아(Kim, Dong-A) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The study investigated effects of college students’ leisure motivation and attitudes upon adaptation to college life. The subject was 456 college students. Questionnaire survey was done. Correlation, one way analysis of variance and multiple regression were used. The findings were: First, adaptation to college life varied depending upon personal characteristics. Female college students had higher adaptation to college life than male college students had. Students in their high college year had higher adaptation to college life than the ones in low college year had. Second, leisure motivation had influence upon adaptation to college life, and external motivation had the greatest influence. Third, leisure attitude had influence upon adaptation to college life, and affective attitude had the greatest influence.

에어로빅운동 참가자의 사회정체성과 운동참가수준, 신체적 자아개념 및 운동지속의도의 관계

김동아(Kim Dong-A) 한국체육과학회 2010 한국체육과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of the study is to examine social identity, exercise Participantion levels, physical self-concept and intention of exercise adherence of aerobic exercise participants. The subjects were 650 men and women who were 20 years old or more to reside in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do and to join aerobic programs continuously at public and private sports centers two times or more a week during more than six months. Multiple regression analysis was used. The findings were as follow: Firstly, the ones who had higher group self-esteem and group intervention of social identity joined aerobic exercise more actively. Secondly, the ones who had higher social identity had high physical self-concept. Thirdly, more individual categorization of social identity had negative influence upon exercise adherence while higher group intervention had more intention of exercise adherence

에어로빅스 운동 참가와 웰빙의 관계

김동아(Kim Dong-A) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study is examined relations between rhythmic exercise and well-being on the assumption that a variety of social and psychological factors might function in socializing process through aerobics exercise. Purposive sampling, a kind of non-probability sampling, was used to collect samples of 250 persons in total at private sports centers as well as public sports centers at Seoul and Gyeonggi-do and not to consider sex ratio. The study collected samples of the ones who lived life at adjacent areas to be comparison group. ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were used to investigate the material. The findings were as follows: 1. Well-being varied depending upon educational levels, occupation and ages, etc that were background characteristics. 2. Participation in aerobics exercise had relations with well-being. At participation in rhythmic exercise, mothers' encouragement being positive emotion, fathers' encouragement being negative encouragement and supports of mass media had affirmative influence upon well-being. 3. Participation in rhythmic exercise had relations with perceived freedom. Encouragement of mothers, leaders and spouse, etc had influence upon leisure ability, and participation frequency and period had significant influence upon leisure devotion. 4. Participation in rhythmic exercise, perceived freedom and well-being had relations each other. Leisure ability and leisure devotion had influence upon life satisfactions, and leisure controls and leisure devotion had influence upon positive emotion, and leisure devotion had affirmative influence upon negative emotion.

생활체육 참가자의 심리적 안정감 및 부부애의 관계

김동아(Kim Dong-A) 한국체육과학회 2008 한국체육과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This study examined the relationships between psychological stability and married love in life sports participants. The subjects were 512 persons who participated in life sports. Questionnaires were used to investigate. The findings were: Firstly, the participants had different psychological stability and married love depending upon their individual characteristics: Concentration of psychological stability varied depending upon gender. Psychological stability varied depending upon ages, and concentration had significant difference. And, responsibility of married love had significant difference. Psychological stability varied depending upon educational level to have significant difference at concentration and self-control, and married love had significant difference at responsibility and passion. Psychological stability varied depending upon occupation to have different concentration and self-control, and married love had significant difference at responsibility and passion. Psychological stability varied depending upon income to have significant difference at self-control and satisfactions. Secondly, psychological stability and married love varied depending upon life sports participation to have significant difference at rhythmical exercises: And, married love had significant difference at stress overcoming type of physical exercises. Thirdly, not only physical exercise time but also physical exercise times a week had significant influence upon relations between life sports participation and psychological stability: And, participating period and time had significant influence upon relations between life sports participation and married love. Fourthly, life sports participation, psychological stability and married love, etc had causal relations.

한국어교육에서의 쓰기 피드백 연구 동향 분석

김동아(Dongah Kim) 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2022 인문사회과학연구 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 한국어교육에서의 쓰기 피드백 관련 연구논문의 동향을 체계적으로 살펴보고 한국어 쓰기 교육을 위한 피드백이 더욱 발전하기 위한 연구 방향을 제시하는 데 있다. 2000년부터 2022년 8월 현재까지 발표된 총 108편의 연구논문의 주제어를 추출하여, 연도별 연구 현황을 비롯하여 네트워크 텍스트 분석을 중심으로 한 빈도분석, 연결 구조 및 응집 구조를 분석하였다. 분석에는 Net-Miner 4.0 프로그램을 사용하였으며, 이를 통해 일차적인 빈도분석에 머물던 선행 연구에서 더 나아가 그 이면에 존재하는 관계성이나 구조를 다각적으로 분석하고 시각화시켜 보다 직관적으로 이해할 수 있도록 하였다. 아울러 시기별 연구 동향과의 관련성을 살펴보았는데, 그 기준을 한국어교육의 흐름 속에서 변곡점이 되었던 국가 정책과 사회적 현상을 기점으로 삼아 한국어 쓰기 피드백 연구가 시기별로 어떤 다양성과 유연함을 보이며 상호작용해 왔는지 확인하고자 했다. 분석 결과, 한국어교육에서의 쓰기 피드백 연구에서 가장 많이 언급된 주제어는 ‘교사 피드백’, ‘동료 피드백’, ‘과정 중심 쓰기’, ‘명시적 피드백’이었고, 연결 중심성이 높은 주제어는 ‘교사 피드백’, ‘상호작용’, ‘온라인 수업’, ‘학문 목적 쓰기’로 나타났다. 주제어 간 응집 구조 분석 결과, 한국어교육에서의 쓰기 피드백 연구 동향은 ‘교사 주도의 쓰기 피드백의 유형별 효과 연구’, ‘학습자 중심 교육을 위한 온라인 기반의 쓰기 피드백 연구’, ‘외국인 유학생의 학문 목적 쓰기 교육을 위한 쓰기 피드백 연구’라는 세 개의 클러스터로 응집되었다. 또한 이 세 개의 클러스터는 시기별 연구 동향과 주제어 면에서 일치하는 경우가 많은 것으로 나타나, 시기별 연구 동향이 전체적인 연구 동향과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 첫째, 쓰기 피드백에 관한 교사와 학습자의 인식 조사와 함께 교사의 피드백 교육에 관한 연구의 필요성, 둘째, 쓰기 피드백 연구 대상자의 다양성, 셋째, 쓰기 피드백의 단계적 접근에 대한 필요성, 넷째, 학습자의 정의적 측면에서의 실제적이고 구체적인 연구에 관한 필요성을 후속 논의의 방향성으로 제안한다. The purpose of this study is to systematically examine the trends of research papers related to writing feedback in Korean language education and to present research directions for further development of feedback for Korean writing education. A total of 108 research papers published from 2000 to August 2022 were extracted, and frequency analysis, connection structure, and aggregation structure were analyzed focusing on network text analysis, including annual research status. The Net-Miner 4.0 program was used for analysis, and furthermore, the relationship and structure behind it were analyzed and visualized in various ways to make it more intuitive to understand. In addition, we looked at the relationship between research trends by period, and based on national policies and social phenomena, which were inflection points in the flow of Korean language education, we wanted to see how diverse and flexible Korean writing feedback research has been interacting with each period. As a result of the analysis, the most frequently mentioned keywords in the study of writing feedback in Korean language education were 'teacher feedback', 'colleague feedback', 'process-oriented writing', and 'explicit feedback' were found to be 'teacher feedback', 'interaction', 'online class', and 'academic purpose writing'. As a result of analyzing the cohesive structure between keywords, the trend of writing feedback research in Korean language education was aggregated into three clusters: 'Study on the effect of teacher-led writing feedback by type', 'Online-based writing feedback study for learner-centered education', and 'Study on writing for academic purposes of foreign students'. In addition, these three clusters are often consistent in terms of research trends and keywords by period, indicating that research trends by period are closely related to overall research trends. Based on the above research results, first, the necessity of research on teacher feedback education, second, diversity of writing feedback research subjects, and fourth, the need for practical and specific research in terms of learners' definition are suggested as directions for subsequent discussions.