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액상 첨가제 살포 방법에 의한 밀폐형 돈사에서의 분진 저감 평가
김기연,고한종,김치년,Kim, K.Y.,Ko, Han-Jong,Kim, C.N. 한국축산환경학회 2008 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.14 No.2
본 연구는 지금까지 활용되었거나 새로이 제안된 액상 첨가제를 돈사에 살포하여 분진 농도의 경시적 변화를 관찰하여 제거 효과에 대해 객관적으로 비교 평가하기 위한 것으로 다음과 같은 결론들을 도출했다. 1. 살포 전 밀폐형 돈사내 분진 농도는 다른 연구자의 결과와 비교시 전반적으로 낮았다. 2. 온도의 경우는 살포 후 24시간까지 돈사 내부와 외부 큰 차이가 없었으나, 상대습도는 살포 후 1시간까지 증가하여 외부와 약 10% 가량의 차이를 보였다. 3. 평가대상 모든 액상 첨가제들의 살포직후 분진 평균 저감율은 살포 전 농도 대비 약 30%로 나타났다(p<0.05). 4. 살포 3시간 이후부터는 콩기름을 제외하고 다른 액상 첨가제들의 분진 농도에 대한 경시적 저감 효과가 관찰되지 않았다. 5. 평가대상 모든 액상 첨가제들 중 콩기름의 살포가 제거 효율성 및 안전성 측면 모두 돈사 분진 제어에 대해 가장 효과적인 첨가제였다. Appropriate air quality in the pig building is essential to prevent farmers' health as well as to increase pig performance. This on-site experiment was conducted to assess dust reduction efficiencies of several liquid additives with spaying method in the enclosed pig building. The mean reduction rate of total dust only after spray was approximately 30% for all the treatments compared to initial level before spraying additives, which was found to reduce the initial level of total dust significantly (p<0.05). The mean reduction rate of all the treatments at 1hr after spray was about 24% which was 6% lower than only after spray. Since 3hr after spray, however, total dust level were fluctuated variably for all the treatments besides application of the soybean oil. Based on this result, effect of soybean oil on dust reduction in the enclosed pig building was most prominent among liquid additives evaluated in terms of efficiency and duration.
최홍림,김기연,정우철,김진길,안희권,박일훈,정영채 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.4
The water quality of Paldang reservoir has been deteriorating with years due to urbanization, livestock farming, and other activities along the river. Many people pointed out the livestock wastewater would be a major water pollution source of the Nam-Han river eventually introduced to Paldang reservoir which is the tapwater resource for residents in the metropolian area and its more than 10 satellite cities. The water pollution caused by livestock production was investigated to quantify its contribution to overall water pollution in the Nam-Han river in this study. Water samples were taken at sixteen sites representing livestock production sites, residential area, crop farming area, and others, six times each in dry season(December 1998∼June 1999) and rainy season(July 2000∼September 2000) to explore the seasonal and industry operational variation of water pollution in Yangpyung area. The calculation showed livestock wastewater is responsible for 3.7%, 8.9% of total BOD_5 loading in the dry and rainy season respectively, while municipal wastewater contributed 89.8% and 83.1% each of overall water pollution in the Nam-Han river. Additional municipal wastewater treatment plants may need to reduce the input of sewage introduced to the Nam-Han river. Further reduction of pollution loading can be made by subsidy of bedding material to livestock growers and by encouraging to cover livestock waste piles collected from the floor of the house to prevent leaching from raining.
김기연,최홍림 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.6
본 연구는 한강유역내 위치한 15개소 축분퇴비공장을 대상으로 악취물질 현장조사를 통한 전반적인 악취발생 현황 파악에 중점을 두었다. 축분종류에 따른 퇴비시 방출되는 악취물질 현장조사 결과, 암모니아와 amine類의 경우 계분이 373·899ppm, 돈분이 275·784ppm, 혼합분이 259·810ppm의 평균 수치로 나타나 축분 종류에 따른 암모니아와 amine類의 발생량은 계분 사용시 가장 높게 나타났고 돈분과 혼합분의 경우 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 교반 방식에 따른 퇴비시 방출되는 악취물질 현장조사결과, 암모니아와 amine類의 경우 escalator 방식이 각각 337·857ppm, rotary 방식이 310·788ppm, 비교반 방식이 250·760ppm으로 분석되어, 교반방식 중 escalator 방식이 암모니아와 amine類의 방출을 최대로 유도하는 것으로, 비교반 방식이 이들의 발생을 최대한 억제시키는 것으로 조사되었다. 측정위치에 따른 암모니아와 황화수소의 분석결과, 발효조(교반 직후)에서는 각각 130∼190ppm, 0.3∼3.0ppm의 평균수치로 검출되었으나, 인근 주변마을의 경우 평균 0.015∼0.025ppm, 0.0008∼0.003ppm으로 분석되었다. 이는 암모니아와 황화수소의 최소감지농도 0.1ppm, 0.0005ppm과 비교하면 실질적으로 축분퇴비공장에 인접한 정주민들에게 악취 불쾌감을 주는 물질은 암모니아가 아닌 황화수소로 규명되어 이에 대한 방지대책이 시급히 요구되는 바이며, 축분퇴비공장 주변 환경영향 평가를 위한 설문조사 결과 인근 정주민에게 위해요소로 작용하는 가장 큰 환경요인은 악취로 남성보다는 여성이 악취에 더 민감한 것으로, 그리고 연령에 따른 민감도에는 차이가 없음이 통계적으로 분석되었다. The study was performed to assess how much concentrations of odor compounds were emitted from on-site livestock manure composting facility, focusing on fifteen sites in the Han river basin. In case of composting facilities as classification of livestock manure, an average concentrations of ammonia and amines(R-NH_2) released were detected to be 373ppm and 899ppm in hen manure, 275ppm and 784ppm in pig manure, and 259ppm and 810ppm in mixed manure, respectively, finding out ammonia and amines(R-NH_2) were produced most in the hen manure composting facilities. In the event of composting facilities as assortment of turning system, the average concentrations of them were observed to be 337ppm and 857ppm in escalator system, 310ppm and 788ppm in rotary system, and 250ppm and 760ppm in non-agitated system, respectively, showing that while ammonia and amines(R-NH_2) were emitted most in the composting facilities with escalator system, they were released least in the composting facilities with non-agitated system. As a result of detection on ammonia and hydrogen sulfide as measurement sites, it was proved that ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were analysed into 130∼390ppm and 0.3∼3.0ppm in composting piles(after turnings), 0.015∼0.025ppm and 0.0008∼0.003ppm in village near composting facility, respectively. This means that, of them, the malodorous compound which causes nuisance to residents near composting facility was not ammonia but hydrogen sulfide as compared to each odor threshold-0.1ppm and 0.0005ppm. According to research of questions to neighbors near composting facilities with livestock manure, it was significantly proved that odor was the most detrimental of the environmental factors and the sensitivity to odor was different as sex not age.
김기연,최홍림,김치년 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.2
본 연구에서는 한강유역에 위치한 축분퇴비공장의 작업환경 조사를 위한 현장 평가로서, 설문조사 및 악취물질 측정을 통해 근로자들의 작업환경 만족 수준과 이에 영향을 주는 요인들을 규명하였다. 연구결과, 축분퇴비공장 근로자들의 작업환경 만족도에 영향을 주는 요인들로 일반 건강수준, 악취, 작업량, 분진, 흡연으로 조사되었으며, 이 중 일반 건강수준, 악취, 작업량이 전체 작업환경 만족도의 61.3%를 대변하는 것으로 나타났다. 통계적 유의성을 나타낸 작업환경변수로는 일반 건강수준(p<0.01), 악취·작업량·분진(p<0.05) 등 이었다. 결론적으로 일반 건강수준이 높은 근로자일수록 작업환경 만족도가 높았으며, 작업량이 상대적으로 많고 악취와 분진에 쉽게 노출된 공장의 근로자일수록 작업환경 만족도가 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 흡연을 하는 근로자는 작업환경 만족도가 낮게 나타났으나, 통계적 유의성은 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 한강유역 축분퇴비공장 근로자들의 작업환경 만족도를 제고시키기 위해서는 공정 중 악취와 분진농도의 발생을 저감시켜야 할 것으로 판단된다. 그러므로 축분퇴비공장의 악취 및 분진농도의 발생을 최소화할 수 있는 처리공정 및 관리체계 정립이 시급하며, 이는 궁극적으로 축분퇴비공장 작업자의 건강 뿐만 아니라 주변 마을 정주민의 생활환경개선효과를 유발할 수 있다. This study was executed to elucidate the degree of satisfaction with working environment and the factors affecting it for workers who are engaged in the composting plants with livestock manure in the Han-river watershed. As an evaluation on site, we applied the self-administered questionaire including general characteristics, working conditions, degree of satisfaction with working environment, and degree of satisfaction with working condition. Simultaneously, we analysed the exposure levels of odor (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor intensity) in the boundary area of plants. As a result of the study, health condition, odor, work load, dust, and smoking were proved to be the main factors affecting the degree of satisfaction with working environment for workers who are employed in the composting plants with livestock manure in the Han-river watershed. Of them, it was investigated that health condition, odor, and work load accounted for 61.3% of the total degree of satisfaction with working environment and health condition(p<0.01), odor(p<0.05), work load(p<0.05), and dust(p<0.05) were statistically significant. It was concluded that the degree of satisfaction with working environment was high for the workers who had good health status and low for the workers who had the relatively considerable work load and were often exposed to odor and dust. Therefore, to increase the degree of satisfaction with working environment for workers who are engaged in the composting plants with livestock manure, the measures that can reduce the exposure levels of odor and dust emitting from the composting plant with livestock manure should be improved.