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고영일 ( Young Il Koh ) 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회지 Vol.85 No.5
Rhinitis is divided into allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. Non-allergic rhinitis includes inflammatory rhinitis, such as non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) and infective rhinitis, and non-inflammatory rhinitis, such as vasomotor rhinitis and idiopathic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is diagnosed based on the presence of allergen-specific IgE and the documentation of relationship between the allergen and symptoms in patients with typical rhinitis symptoms, such as rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, itchiness and/or sneezing. Local allergic rhinitis can be considered for differential diagnosis. Allergic rhinitis should be differentiated from non-allergic rhinitis by using skin prick test, serum specific IgE test, nasal cytology and/or allergen nasal provocation test. Allergic rhinitis should be differentiated from structural nasal diseases, such as septal deviation and nasal polyps. Rhinitis is frequently accompanied by paranasal sinusitis, which should be recognized in clinical practice. Management strategies differ between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. In addition to pharmacotherapy, allergen avoidance and allergen-specific immunotherapy can be tried in patients with allergic rhinitis. Thus, the exact diagnosis is very important for the effective treatment in allergic rhinitis. The diagnostic tests for allergic rhinitis are reviewed. (Korean J Med 2013,85:452-456)
고영일 ( Young Il Koh ) 대한내과학회 2010 대한내과학회지 Vol.78 No.6
It is necessary to recognize how to approach patients with chronic cough to diagnosis and treat the causes, because cough may resolve only after the management of the causative disease. There are many reports of successful management of cohorts of patients with chronic cough, by use of variants of anatomic, diagnostic approach to investigation. It should be recognized whether initial empiric treatment or specific treatment following diagnostic investigations is begun and when cough improves since the treatment for each disease. The resolution of cough in response to the empiric or specific treatment should be assessed to confirm the diagnosis of the diseases as a cause of cough. The treatment should be given in sequential and additive steps because more than one cause of cough may be present in some patients. However, in up to 20% of referrals to cough clinics, the cause of cough remains unclear even after extensive investigations and treatment trials, suggesting that aspects of the anatomic, diagnostic investigation protocol need to be modified. Hence, more research and better treatments for chronic cough are needed. (Korean J Med 78:674-681, 2010)
고영일 ( Young Il Koh ) 대한내과학회 2012 대한내과학회지 Vol.83 No.4
Asthma is multifactorial complex disorder originated from genetic and environmental factors. Some genetic variants or alleles have been known to be associated with the presence or development of asthma. Gene polymorphisms may be associated with declined lung function and severe exacerbations in asthma, indicating the contribution of genetic variants to the development of severe refractory asthma. Severe refractory asthma is heterogeneous disease and may be classified into various phenotypes and endotypes. Each endotype might be characterized by the presence of gene polymorphisms, which might be useful to determine an endotype. In addition, patients with severe refractory asthma have been known to respond differently to asthma medications, which may be explained by pharmacogenetics. Polymorphisms in the genes related to the pathway or receptors for drugs may determine the good or poor responses to the medication. The pharmacogenetic studies may allow patients with severe asthma to take the most effective personalized medicine, which may control severe refractory asthma well. Collectively, genetic testing for the presence of severe asthma and pharmacogenetics for asthma medications may be useful for the diagnosis and management of severe refractory asthma. (Korean J Med 2012;83:430-437)
고영일(Young Il Koh),최인선(In Seon Choi),정익주(Ik Joo Jung),강유호(Rhoo Ho Kang),박상선(Sang Seon Park),이민수(Min Soo Lee),김영철(Young Chul Kim),박경옥(Kyung Ok Park),정은택(Eun Taek Jung),김헌남(Hun Nam Kim) 대한내과학회 1995 대한내과학회지 Vol.48 No.3
Objectives: In the consideration of the variabilities of the test results related to the technical or the biologic factors, the standardized methods performing the ventilatory lung function test by spirometry were recommended by American Thoracic Society (ATS). However, even though most of the modern pulmonary function laboratories perform the lung function tests using the computerized standard spirometers and the standard performing methods, it is necessary to evaluate the intraindividual technical variabilities of the spirometric test results; in addition, there is no article about it published in Korea. Methods : The lung function tests of 13 normal subjects were performed in each laboratories of Chonnam University Hospital, Wonkwang University Hospital, and Kwangju Christian Hospital. Results: 1) The interlaboratory variability of the spirometric test results was significantly larger than the intralaboratory(Coefficients of Variation, CV: 7.25 ±5.33% vs 2.79±1.59%, p<0.05 in FVC; 7.23±5.22% vs 2.26±1.70%, p<0.05 in FEV₁). 2) The mean lung function test results measured by one machine were significantly larger than those by another(4.29±0.89L vs 4.13±0.90L, p<0.05 in FVC; 3.71±0.81L vs 3.51±0.80L, p<0.05 in FEV ,). However, the intermachine variability was not significantly different from the intramachine. 3) The intertechnician variability of spirometric test results measured by three different technicians was not significantly different from the intratechnician. 4) The significance level of intraindividual difference in spirometric test results were 12% in FVC and 12% in FEY, between the different laboratories, 5% in FVC and 6% in FEV₁, between the different machines, 3% in FVC and 4% in FEV₁, between the different technicians. Conclusion : These results suggest that the spirometric test must be interpreted cautiously under the consideration of such a variability, and that it is necessary to adhere strictly to the recommended methods of the equipment quality control and the maneuver performance, and to check regularly the inter and intralaboratory variabilities,
고영일 ( Young-il Koh ) 대한내과학회 2017 대한내과학회지 Vol.92 No.5
Recently, the rhinitis work group of the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology developed a practice guideline on allergic rhinitis. The group consisted of physicians, pediatricians, and otolaryngologists. Here, the guideline is adapted for clarity and for ease of use by physicians. To manage allergic rhinitis well, accurate diagnosis is most important. In patients with rhinitis symptoms, the first step is to perform a skin prick test to inhalant allergens, and/or to measure allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in serum. Next, allergic rhinitis should be diagnosed upon documenting the association between positive allergens and rhinitis symptoms, via patient history or allergen nasal provocation test. Allergic rhinitis should be differentiated from non-allergic rhinitis, because treatment modalities differ between the two. Allergic rhinitis should be effectively managed with allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, allergen immunotherapy, surgical treatment, and/or saline irrigation. Second-generation antihistamines or leukotriene modifiers may be used for mild-to-moderate forms, and intranasal steroids may be effective for moderate-to-severe forms. Allergic rhinitis is closely associated with asthma. Spirometry should be performed initially for asthma diagnosis, if asthma-like symptoms are present. (Korean J Med 2017;92:429-436)