Laser Rayleigh Pyrometer에 의한 분출화염의 온도 측정에 관한 연구

김중엽,김춘중 한국자동차공학회 1988 한국자동차공학회 학술강연초록집 Vol.- No.-

4 Cycle Gasoline 機關의 點火時期變化와 機關出力에 對한 硏究

金重燁,林炳午 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1976 연구보고 Vol.4 No.1

As for the 4 stroke water cooling gasoline engine, it is well-known that the most of supplying heat quantities are dissipated through the cooling water and the exhaust gas except the heat quantities which is diverted to the indicated work. According to the variation of air fuel ratio, compression ratio, engine speed, spark ignition time and so forth, above dissipated heat quantities are varied and those heat has been well identified. In this paper, we describe an experimental study for the movement of the dissipated heat quantites and for the ignition time which is able to gain the best performance condition as to the variation of the ignition time only. For the experimental measurement and calculation, as the results followings are obtained empirically. (1) The dissipated heat loss by the cooling water becomes minimum at 25-30 degree of the ignition time before TDC and its quantities are incresed as to the advancing or retarding of the ignition time (2) The dissipated heat loss by the exhaust gas decreases as to the advancing of the ignition time and increases as to the retarding to the TDC. (3) The maximum value of the indicated thermal efficiency changes according to the incraasing engine speed, and its value also changes to the direction of advancing. The maximum output can be obtained as advancing the ignition time according to the engine speed.

壓縮着火機關의 吸氣管內 燃料噴射에 關한 實驗的 考찰

金重燁,金春中 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1986 연구보고 Vol.14 No.1

The investigation into the effect of fuel addition to the intake air of a compression ignition engine was performed as a part of research into the engine noise due to combustion. by In the intake, process, the ratio of the added fuel to the main fuel varies from 0% to 20% the increment to 5% and engine load varies from 0 to 4/4 by the increment of 1/4. As the result of present study, When the ratio of the added fuel to the main fuel was 10-20%, ignition delay became to be short, specific fuel consumption decreased, and engine noise was reduced. In addition, when the intake pipe was headed, ignition delay became to be short but the tem-perature of exhaust gas increased, specific fuel consumption also increased at the low load.

가스交煥過程을 包含하는 4行程 CI 機關의 Cycle Simulation

金重燁,金壽淵,權俊博,鄭仁基 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1985 연구보고 Vol.13 No.1

A comprehensive cycle simulation was developed to predict the performance of CI engine including intake and exhaust systems with variation of operating conditions and design factors. In this work, the gas-exchange model, compression and expansion model, single-zone combustion model and heat transfer model were used. In order to confirm the feasibility of the simulation program, the calculated results were compared with the experimental results. Pressure diagram, I.M.E.P. and S.F.C. by means of calculations showed acceptable quantitative agreement with the experimental data. A parametric study of the effect of variations in injection timing and inlet pressure was carried out. Therefore, the optimal design of CI engine will be possible by the cycle simulation using this program.

고창 봉덕리 1호분의 축조와 공간활용에 관한 검토

김중엽 원광대학교 마한백제문화연구소 2015 馬韓, 百濟文化 Vol.25 No.-

A Study on Construction of Bongdeok-ri Tomb No. 1 and Its Utilization of Space In the neighborhood of San 47 Asan-myeon, Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do, there are 2 large-sized old tombs lying side by side, which have thus been called "Ssangnabaldeung' or 'Twin Trumpet-shaped Lanterns' since long. After these tombs were reported formally to the academic world in the name of Bongdeok-ri Tombs No. 1 and 2, the tomb No. 1 was excavated and investigated 2 times in 2008 and 2009 consecutively, which revealed that there are 5 stone-chamber tombs and 2 jar-coffin tombs buried as accompanying structures in it. The most significant feature in construction of the tomb No. 1 might be that the basic form of the tomb was prepared by cutting out and trimming the ends of the natural hill. Although the principle of its construction is similar to that of 'Daesang Tomb' of Japan, there is no precedent for such large-scale construction work as cutting of hills usually found in road construction today. Such construction process must have required for sure large number of laborers. Judging from a series of construction processes that followed, it might be true to say that the first shape of Bongdeok-ri Tomb No. 1 was completed after the land was levelled high above the basement and earth was raised around the stone chamber No. 5. It is assumed here that, by making use of a thin layer of light grey viscose clay soil, an outer line was formed surrounding the burial mound of tumulus, cylinder-formed earthenware was made and vortex-formed earthenware was used. Through the process of adjustment and vertical expansion, the stone chamber tombs No. 1 and No. 4 were created to the east and, to the west, raised ground was formed where jar-coffin tombs were buried. The stone chamber tombs No. 3 and 2 were added in the end, completing the last pottery pot. This process of raising ground seems very calculated and systematic. Utilization of space, too, seems very deliberate, judging from the room spared for burial, ritual and vacant land. From the study, it could be suggested that construction of Bongdeok-ri Tomb No. 1 was completed during the period from the 5th to the 6th century, with the stone chamber No. 5 built in the beginning of the 5th century and No. 1 in the beginning of the 6th century. This signifies that the square-shaped tombs began appearing relatively earlier in Gochang area than those on the Yeongsangang river basin. Such features as multiple burial, addition of burial structures by vertical expansion of burial mound of tombs, construction of surrounding ditches, ritual ceremonies held at burial mound or surrounding ditch, etc. are all those characteristic of burial mound of tombs which confirm their connection with the group that constructed Bongdeok-ri Tomb No. 1. The size of the tomb No. 1 measures 53 m in long axis, 40 m in short axis and 8.8 m in height, larger than the burial with high mound discovered on the Yeongsangang river basin. The construction method through large-scale work process, large size of tombs, factors of mound burial and prestige goods buried together strongly suggest that the buried must be a chieftain who ruled and represented the group that constructed the mound burials and that they maintained close relationship with the central government of Baekje Kingdom by utilizing the strong local powers and geographic advantages at the same time. This is why we need to take note of Gochang area with keen interest. 전라북도 고창군 아산면 산47번지 일원에는 예전부터 ‘쌍나발등’이라 불리던 2기의 대형고분이 나란하게 위치하고 있다. 봉덕리 1·2호분으로 학계에 정식 보고된 이래 1호분은 2008년·2009년 두 차례에 걸쳐 발굴조사가 이루어졌으며, 그 결과, 석실묘 5기, 옹관묘 2기가 매장시설로 확인되었다. 1호분의 축조방법에 있어 가장 주목할 만 한 점은 자연구릉의 끝자락을 따로 분리한 후 깎고 다듬어 기초분형을 마련하였다. 일본의 ‘대상묘’와 축조원리는 비슷하나 현재 도로공사와 같이 구릉을 깎아 분리해내는 대규모 공정은 아직까지 확인된 예가 없으며, 이러한 공정은 분명 많은 노동력을 필요로 한다. 이후 일련의 축조과정을 살펴보면, 높게 형성된 기저부 위로 정지층이 형성되고 5호석실을 중심으로 성토가 이루어지면서 봉덕리 1호분의 최초분형이 완성된다. 이 때, 얇은 회갈색점질토 띠층을 이용해 분구의 외곽라인을 형성하고 원통형토기의 수립과 와형토제품의 사용이 추정된다. 이후 정리과정을 거쳐 동쪽에는 수직확장을 통해 1호석실묘와 4호석실묘가 조성되고 서쪽에는 옹관묘가 매장되는 성토층이 조성된다. 마지막으로 3호석실묘와 2호석실묘가 추가되면서 최종분형이 완성된다. 이러한 성토과정은 매우 계획적이며, 체계적으로 이루어졌으며, 1호분 내 무덤공간, 제사공간, 空地 등의 공간활용 역시 매우 계획적이라 할 수 있다. 지금까지의 연구결과, 봉덕리 1호분의 조성연대는 5세기 초에 5호석실이 축조되는 것을 시작으로 6세기 초까지는 1호분이 지속되었던 것으로 보이며, 이는 영산강유역에 비해 이른 시기 고창지역에 대형고분이 출현하였음을 보여준다. 多葬, 분구의 수직확장을 통한 매장시설의 추가양상, 週溝의 조성, 분구 및 주구에서의 제의행위 등의 요소는 분구묘적 요소로 봉덕리 1호분 축조집단의 연결성을 확인할 수 있으며, 1호분의 규모는 장축 53m, 단축 40m, 높이 8.8m의 장방형으로 영산강유역의 고총화 된 고분들과 비교하더라도 대형규모로 볼 수 있다. 대규모 공정을 통한 축조방법, 대형규모, 분구묘적 요소, 최상위 위세품의 부장은 1호분의 피장자가 기존 주변일원의 분구묘 축조집단을 통합하고 대표하는 수장이었을 가능성이 높고 강력한 재지세력과 지리적 이점을 기반으로 백제중앙세력과 긴밀한 관계를 유지하였을 것으로 보인다. 앞으로 고창지역에 주목해야할 필요성이 있다.

한국과 일본의 당뇨망막병증 치료에 대한 경향 비교

김중엽(Jung Yup Kim),신재필(Jae Pil Shin),조영준(Young Joon Jo),박태관(Tae Kwann Park),유승영(Seung Young Yu),장우혁(Woo Hyok Chang),오재령(Jae Ryung Oh),이지은(Ji Eun Lee),이주은(Joo Eun Lee) 대한안과학회 2016 대한안과학회지 Vol.57 No.8

목적: 한국과 일본의 당뇨망막병증 치료 경향을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 한국망막학회 회원 210명, 일본당뇨병안학회 회원 754명을 대상으로, 당뇨망막병증의 진단 및 치료에 관한 49개 항목의 설문조사를 시행하였다. 설문조사는 2012년 6월-7월간 실시되었다. 결과: 한국망막학회 회원 210명 중 91명(43%), 일본당뇨병안학회 회원 754명 중 120명(16%)이 설문에 참여하였다. 확산 당뇨황반부종의 치료에 관하여, 한국에서는 ‘항혈관내피세포성장인자 안구내 주사 후 국소 레이저 광응고술’이 가장 선호되었던 반면(48%), 일본에서는 ‘테논낭하 스테로이드 주사 후 국소 레이저 광응고술’이 33%로 가장 선호되었다. 두 번째로 많은 응답을 받은 항목이 일본에서 유리체절제술이었던 것에 비해(18%), 한국에는 아무도 유리체절제술을 선호하지 않았다. 그러나 난치성의 확산 당뇨황반부종에 대해서는 한국에서도 유리체절제술을 하겠다는 응답이 75%로 나타났다. 일본에서는 항혈관내피세포성장인자나 스테로이드 안구내 주사를 병행하지 않는 유리체절제술이 상대적으로 더 높았다. 양국 모두에서 증식 당뇨망막병증의 수술에 23 Gauge (G)나 25 G를 이용한 소절개창 유리체절제술을 선호하였다(일본 64%, 한국 90%). 결론: 당뇨망막병증의 진단 및 수술 환경은 한일 양국이 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 하지만 당뇨황반부종의 치료 경향에서는 큰 차이를 보여, 한국에서는 항혈관내피세포성장인자를 적극적으로 사용하는 반면, 일본에서는 테논낭하 스테로이드 주사와 유리체절제술을 선호하였다. Purpose: To evaluate preferences and trends in the management of diabetic retinopathy in Korea and Japan. Methods: An Internet survey comprised of 49 questions was sent to the members of Korean Retina Society (KRS) and Japanese Society of Ophthalmic Diabetology (JSOD). The survey was conducted during the period between June 2012 and July 2012. Results: Ninety-one of 210 members of the KRS (43%) and 120 of 754 members of the JSOD (16%) participated in the survey. For diffuse diabetic macular edema, ‘intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) followed by focal laser treatment’ was the most preferred treatment in Korea (48%), while ‘sub-tenon steroid injection followed by focal laser treatment’ was the most common procedure in Japan (33%). Vitrectomy was the second most common procedure in Japan (18%). In contrast, none of the KRS members preferred vitrectomy in this situation. For refractory diabetic macular edema, however, vitrectomy with or without the use of anti-VEGF was chosen in 75% of the KRS members. In Japan, vitrectomy without the use of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF or steroid was relatively more preferred. Small-gauge (G) vitrectomy using either a 23 G or 25 G needle was popular in both countries (90% in Korea, 64% in Japan). Conclusions: Although the trends in diagnostic and surgical environments were similar in Korea and Japan, the preferred treatment approaches for diabetic macular edema were different. Sub-tenon steroid injection and vitrectomy were preferred in Japan, while anti-VEGF injection was most commonly employed in Korea.

[조사개요] 익산토성(Ⅲ-1구역) 발굴조사

김중엽,박동범 원광대학교 마한백제문화연구소 2021 馬韓, 百濟文化 Vol.38 No.-

익산 삼담리 상북지유적 조사개요

김중엽,김성욱,김승재 원광대학교 마한백제문화연구소 2014 馬韓, 百濟文化 Vol.24 No.-

The present article deals with summing up of the excavation research for Sangbukji relics in Samdam-ri, Iksan-si located within the construction site for an access road to Iksan General Industrial Complex. The relics are placed around Samdam-ri, Nangsan-myeon and its surroundings, on one of many ridge lines branching off toward south and north from the top of the mountain that has long slopes in the east-west direction. Sangbukji village is located to the west of the mountain. So far, 5 dwelling sites of the Bronze Age, 18 pit remains, 13 pit remains of Joseon Kingdom, 2 ditch remains and 2 waste disposal sites have been investigated in the Sangbukji relics. This study puts focus above all on the dwelling sites and pit remains of the Bronze Age in this area. A total of 5 dwelling sites of the Bronze Age investigated might typically be classified as Songguk-ri type in which oval pits are arranged in a circle on the plane. They are placed in a single line in the east-southwest direction along the summit of the hill ridge. Each dwelling site was constructed with short distance of about 3 meters with each other and most of dwelling sites have been flatted off as a whole. Pit remains have been excavated mostly near the dwelling sites along the summit of the hill in circular·oval form from the plane angle and flask form from horizontal section, similar to the pits of Songguk-ri-type settlements in terms of shape and characteristics. Besides, the research also found that there are firing traces together with large amount of charcoal inside the pits (pitfall remains) which have very narrow bottom with long rectangular·oval form on the plane. From the excavation research this time, it could be confirmed that Sangbukji relics are the remains of the settlements in the middle of the Bronze Age and, among others, the northern areas of Iksan-si (Mangseong-myeon and Nangsan-myeon) were the main basis of livelihood for the people of that age. 본고는 익산일반산업단지 진입도로 개설공사 내 유적인 익산 삼담리 상북지유적에 대한 발굴조사개요이다. 유적은 낭산면 삼담리 일원에 위치하고 있다. 지형은 동-서 방향으로 길게 뻗어 내린 능선의 정상부를 중심으로 남-북 방향의 많은 가지능선 중 하나에 유적이 위치하고 있으며, 서쪽으로 상북지마을이 자리하고 있다. 상북지유적은 청동기시대 주거지 5기, 수혈유구 18기, 조선시대 수혈유구 13기, 구상유구 2기, 폐기장 2기 등이 조사되었다. 본고에서는 이중에서도 청동기시대 주거지와 수혈유구를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 청동기시대 주거지는 총 5기로 평면형태 원형에 주거지 내 타원형 수혈이 배치되는 전형적인 송국리형 주거지이며, 구릉의 능선 정상부를 따라 북동-남서 방향으로 1열로 배치된 양상을 보인다. 각 주거지는 이격거리가 3m정도로 근거리에 축조되어 있으며, 주거지 대부분은 삭평이 이루어진 상태이다. 수혈유구는 대부분 구릉 정상부를 따라 주거지에 인접하여 분포하고, 평면형태가 원형 · 타원형이며, 단면형태는 복주머니형(플라스크형)으로 그 형태나 특징이 송국리유형 취락에서 확인되는 수혈들과 유사하다. 그밖에 평면형태 장방형·장타원형에 바닥면이 굉장히 좁은 형태의 수혈(함정유구)과 내부에서 다량의 목탄과 더불어 소성이 이루어진 흔적이 보이는 수혈 또한 확인되었다. 이번 발굴조사를 통해 상북지유적이 청동기시대 중기의 취락유적이며, 무엇보다 익산시 북쪽(망성면, 낭산면) 일원이 청동기시대 당시 주된 생활의 터전이었음이 확인되었다.

Methanol을 副燃料로 한 디젤機關의 性能에 關한 實驗的 硏究

金重燁,鄭仁基,金宇燮 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1982 연구보고 Vol.10 No.1

An experimental study on the performance of the diesel engine using methanol as an additional fuel was performed. In order to increase the amount of methanol, dual injection method has been used that a carburettor for methanol injection was connected with the inlet system. The performance tests have been conducted, and the power output, heat consumption and smoke have been evaluated up to 40% methanol in volume. As the results, it was shown that the rate of methanol mixed was differed from the load. The stable running was possible by 50%(wt.) of the methanol mixing at full range of the output. On the viewpoint of specific heat consumption and excess air ratio, the methanol mixing was profitable at high load. As the increasing of mixing rate, the inlet air and exhaust gas temperatures and the cooling loss were reduced, and smoke density was reduced significantly. By heating the methanol-air mixture, the output was increased, but according to the rate of methanol mixing and the load, inlet air temperature was limited by knock.

백내장수술 후 발생한 급성 안내염에서 유리체절제술과 유리체내 항생제 주사 치료 효과 비교

김중엽,이주은,박강윤 대한안과학회 2018 대한안과학회지 Vol.59 No.1

Purpose: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of vitrectomy plus intravitreal antibiotic injection (vitrectomy group) with intravitreal antibiotic injection alone (antibiotic group) for eyes with acute endophthalmitis developed after cataract surgery with visual acuity of hand motion or better. Methods: In this retrospective chart review, we compared the visual acuities of 10 eyes of a vitrectomy group and 17 eyes of an antibiotic group. Results: We found no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension), time of symptom onset, time of diagnosis, type of systemic antibiotic prescribed, or positive culture rate. Mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was similar in the two groups (2.17 vs. 1.96 logMAR; p = 0.60). Both groups exhibited significant improvements in mean BCVA after 2 months: from 2.17 to 0.81 logMAR in the vitrectomy group (p = 0.01) and from 1.96 to 0.76 logMAR in the antibiotic group (p = 0.002), but the final BCVA did not differ significantly between the two groups (0.81 vs. 0.76 logMAR, p = 0.75). Conclusions: Both vitrectomy combined with intravitreal antibiotic injection and intravitreal antibiotic injection alone significantly improved visual acuity; the final BCVA did not differ between the two groups. Intravitreal antibiotic injection alone may be an effective first-line treatment for endophthalmitis in patients with initial visual acuity of hand motion or better. 목적: 초진 시 시력이 안전수동(眼前手動, hand-motion) 이상인, 백내장수술 후 급성 안내염 환자를 대상으로 유리체절제술과 유리체내 항생제 주사 병행치료와 유리체내 항생제 주사 단독 치료 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 유리체절제술과 유리체내 항생제 주사를 동시에 시행한 경우(10안, 유리체절제술 군)와 유리체내 항생제 주사만 시행한 경우(17안, 항생제 주사군)에 따른 최종시력의 차이를 비교하기 위하여 의무기록을 이용하여 후향적인 연구를 시행하였다. 결과: 유리체절제술군과 항생제 주사군 사이에 성별, 나이, 동반 질환(당뇨, 고혈압), 백내장수술 방법, 증상 발생 시기, 초진 시기, 전신 항생제, 균 배양 결과 등의 차이는 없었다. 초진 시 최대 교정시력(logMAR) (평균 2.17 vs. 1.96, p=0.60)은 두 군 간에 차이가 없었으며, 두 군 모두 2개월째 초진 시력에 비해 유의한 시력 개선 효과가 있었다(유리체절제술군; 평균 2.17 vs. 0.81, p=0.01) (항생제 주사군; 평균 1.96 vs. 0.76, p=0.002). 2개월 후 최종적인 최대 교정시력은 두 치료 방법 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(평균 0.81 vs. 0.76, p=0.75). 결론: 백내장수술 후 발생한 급성 안내염에서 초진 시력이 안전수동 이상일 때, 유리체절제술과 유리체내 항생제 주사를 병행한 경우와 유리체내 항생제 주사만 시행한 경우를 비교하였고, 수술 후 최종시력 예후에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서 비교적 단순한 치료법인 유리체내 항생제 주사를 1차 치료로 선택할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.