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김동철 동국대학교 경영연구원 2006 경영과 사례연구 Vol.28 No.2
Shefrin and Statman(1985)은 투자자들이 매수가격에 비하여 현재가격이 상승한 미실현이익 주식은 매도하여 이익을 실현하고 매수가격에 비하여 현재가격이 하락한 미실현손실 주식은 보유하여 손실실현을 회피하는 현상을 비대칭적 매도성향으로 제시하였다. Odean(1998)은 개인투자자들의 주식거래자료를 통하여 이익실현율과 손실실현율의 상대적 차이를 분석하여 이러한 현상을 실증하고 있다. 김동철, 최원욱, 이윤종(2005)은 주식시장에서 개인투자자들의 비중이 큰 한국주식시장에서 개인투자자들의 비대칭적 도성향을 프로스펙트이론(Prospect theory)의 관점에서 분석하였다. 본 연구는 개인투자자들의 주식매매형태에 관한 선행연구결과를 확장하여 개인투자자들의 수익률 관점에서 개인들의 매매형태를 분석하고자 한다. 개인투자자들의 이익과 손실상황에 따라 비대칭적 매도행위를 나타내는 것은 선행연구에서와 일치된 결과를 나타내고 있으나, 이익이나 손실상황이 아닌 손익이 0에 가까운 손익분기점(breakeven point)에서도 비대칭적 매도행위가 일어나고 있는지에 대해 분석하고자 한다. 연구결과는 Odean의 모형에 의한 이익주 및 손실주 매도비율과 평균보유기간 모두에서 개인투자자들이 손익분기점상화에서 비대칭적 매도성향을 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
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金東喆,宋裕才 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1981 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.38 No.-
The effects of television advertising on children have been a matter of concern for a long time; however, only limited amount of the research conducted in Korea has focused on the problem. This study has attempted to answer questions raised on the relationship between children and television advertising and the results are summarized as follows: PURPOSE : The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of television advertising on children, addressing the following specific research issues: (1) Children's ability to distinguish television commercials from program materials (2) Children's attitude toward television commercial from program materials (3) The effects of violence or unsafe acts in television commercials (4) The effects of television food advertising (5) Television advertising and parent-child relationship POPULATION : First to sixth grade children, attending elementary schools in Seoul SAMPLE SELECTION PROCEDURE : five schools were randomly selected from elementary schools in Seoul. 78 classes were drawn from those five schools through the clustered sampling method. SAMPLE SIZE : 5,061 child-parent days, totaling 10, 122. STATISTICAL TESTS : c2 and frequency distribution From obtained data, 4,762 children's and 4,327 parents' responses (total 9,089) were analyzed. The sample was divided into three groups, i.e., Group I consisted of first and second graders, Group II, third and fourth, Group III, fifth and sixth. Therefore, results were analyzed according to each group, comparing data between groups. RESULTS : The data have sched some light on major research questions and revealed the following results : 1) The majority of the children has demonstrated their ability to distinguish commercials from in program materials. However, 14% of the children, mostly in Group I, have difficulty in discriminating clearly between program and commercial. 2) It was found that children's favorite advertising medium is television, and they prefer commercials in animation format. 3) Violence and unsafe acts in television commercials has insignificant effects on children's behavior, revealing that instead of imitating these violence or unsafe acts, they rather imagine themselves doing levels (by group)an sex of children. Parents' responses also confirmed above finding. 4) As their immediate reaction to television commercials, Group I usually requests their parents to purchases advertised products, mostly toys. Older children (Group II and Group III) showed different preferences. Girls frequently request food products (mostly cookies, candies, ice cream, etc.), while boys prefer sporting goods. 5) Children mediate their parents, consumer behavior by requesting certain advertised brands or products and parents' responses indicated that they yield their children's request they frequently. Disappointment and conflict are found when parents deny request, and a few children even showed anger and violence. Parents' expressed attitudes toward television advertising are modestly negative and they responded that advertising places a little strain n their relationship with children. They favor increased regulation and quality control in advertising. 6) Children's general attitudes toward television advertising were rather favorable even though they understand the purpose of television advertising. However, the higher the grade level, the more critical toward advertising, indicating boys in Group III were more negative than girls in the same group. 7) Parents exercise their mediation role of children's television viewing behavior. 8) Most children watch television for an average of 30 minutes to one hour per weekday and over four hours n Sundays. In conclusion, the findings in this study support that television advertising influences children in various ways. Further research is needed to resolve other aspect of the issue pertaining to television advertising to children.
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상안검거근 절제술과 전두근 전이술을 이용한 안검하수증의 수술결과
박배근,김정헌,김동철 大韓成形外科學會 1994 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.21 No.5
The blepharoptosis is the disease which is caused by the congenital or acquired weakness of the levator palpebrae superioris. From September 1984 to December 1992, authors had treated 19 blepharoptosis patients(22 cases of operation), and the operative procedures were chosen according to the patient's levator function : levator resection in cases with levator function above 4mm(6 cases), frontalis transfer in cases with levator function below 2mm(5cases), levator resection(7cases) or frontalis transfer(4 cases) in cases with levator function between 2-4mm. And the operative results were evaluated with the average follow up period of 34.5 months. The results were summarized as follows. 1. 15patients were congenital and 4 patients were acquired type of blepharoptosis and sex ratio was 11:4(male:female) in 15 congenital blepharoptosis patients. 2. We performed 13 cases of levator resection and 9 cases of frontalis transfer. 3. In cases of moderate blepharoptosis, whose levator function is 4-8mm or 2-4mm, results of levator resection and the frontalis transfer are both good. 4. In cases of severe blepharoptosis, whose levator function is 2-4mm, result of levator resection is relatively fair, the frontalis transfer is good. 5. Results of frontalis transfer in acquired type showed excellent regardless of levator function. 6. The incidence of undercorrection after levator resection in congenital blepharoptosis was 72.7%, and the frontalis transfer showed frequent severe complication such as persistent lagophthalmos, exposure keratitis, hollowness of temporal area, headache, overcorrection & undercorrection.
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김동철 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2006 한국민족문화 Vol.28 No.-
The Gyeongbu railroad line linked between Seoul and Busan was opened in January 1905. Gyeongbu Railroad Inn.(京釜鐵道株式會社) was established in June 1901. As it was dissolved in 1906, the Gyeongbu line was nationalized. the opening of the Gyeongbu line was the epoch-making event in the business world of the whole country as well as Busan. Japanese merchants in Busan reacted quickly to this situation. They participated in an establishment of gyoeongbu Railroad Inn. as promoters and stockholders. Seventeen of twenty-two Japanese promoters who lived in Korea resided in Busan, according to an material in 1901. They represented the business world in Busan and actively engaged in the company as stockholders. Gyeongbu Railroad Inn. had many small-sum stockholders who owned 100 and less. Park Gijong(朴琪淙). was a representative of Korean stockholder who lived in Busan. The Masan railroad line(馬山線) linked between Mason and Samlangjin (三浪津) was opened a few months after on opening of the Gyeongbu line. The myosin line and the gyeonbu line joined at a Somlongjin station. The Gyeongbu line linked commercial circles of Busan with ones of Gyongsangbuk-do(慶尙北道). The investment in regions which had major stations of the Gyeongbu line such as Daegu(大邱) and Gimchun(金泉) increased. The investment of Japanese merchants included a buying of land, an agricultural running, and an establishment of agencies and brunettes. Granites around major stations of the Gyeongbu line and the Masan line had close relation to main offices in Busan. The opening of the Gyeongbu line changed largely an economic structure of Busan. The investment of Japanese merchants in land around a terminal of the Gyeongbu line increased. As the investment in cultivated land in and around Busan increased, a transport and an export of rice increased, and the investment in a transport industry and a rice-polishing industry also increased. These exporters took the lead in Japanese commercial world of Busan. 'Busan Grain Market' was established with rice dealers and rice exporters as leaders in October 1906. It was opened in November. It was the first gift given to Japanese merchants. This paper didn't almost examine the trend of Korean merchants. I will study it in future.
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