http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
韓國傳統音樂에서의 變奏方法에 관한 硏究(Ⅰ) : 本令과 解令에 基하여
金吉雲 부산대학교 예술대학 1985 藝術論文集 Vol.2 No.-
Ponryong, commonly called as "Taepyungchunjigok," used to be performed during banquets of the royal court, whereas Haeryong, also called as "Soilhwajigok," was rendered on the occasion of king's processions. "Sokak Wonbo," an ancient musical book, made in the Yi Dynasty, is believed to be the oldest one referring to the Ponryong musical tune. From the brief glimpse of the ancient book, it is confirmed that the first chapter of Yominlak, a volume belonging to the Sokak Wonbo, is identical with that of Panghyang Po-Ryong, an edition of the seven-volumed Sokak Wonbo. Of the four categories of Yominlak, Ponryong belong to the realm of Tang music. Ponryong is composed of irregular 32 maru or clauses as following diagram. Maru literally means "a floor" "a board-floored" "a ridge" and is used as a means that "a phrase" or "clauses" of music. 32Maru 16th maru 28th maru Ponryong |--------------|-------|-------| part A cadence part B cadence A illustrated above, Part a consists of 16 maru, while Part B 14 maru. There are two cadance of 32 maru. One is the 16th of 32 maru and other is the 28th. Far different from Ponryong, a tune of Haeryong is composed of 16 maru, much lengthier than Ponryong. Furthermore, Part A of Ponryong is identical with Haeryong in terms of maru. With a view to verifying this phenomenon, I attempted to make a tonal analysis between Ponryong and Haeryong. 1) The pattern of maru which are repeated in Ponryong is identical with that of Haeryong. In other words, the third maru in case of both Ponryong and Haeryong includes the first and second maru. ex) 3th maru=1st maru+2nd maru. 2) The variation method in Pongryong and Haeryong is confirmed to be same when I traced the tonal procession of Ponryong in ancient musical notes. 3) When melodies of both Ponryong and Haeryong are made into alphabetic code, it was found that the two musical modes are in the same musical structure as following format. (See musical note 나 at rear) ex 1) The 8th maru of Ponryong=the 1st maru+h * a+b+d+h The 8th maru of Haeryong=the 1st maru+H * A+B+D+H In this context, part A of Ponryong is performed as variation in Haeryong. Haeryong, its basic tone being mixed at Hwang jong(C in western musical scale) is a kind of march and it is played with Tang music instruments. This article defines the kinds and functions of Yonum. There is no "Yonum" in Ponryong, while a total of 17 Yonum exise in Haeryong. Yonum is classified in to three; Yonum Ⅰ, Yonum Ⅰ' and Yonum Ⅱ. Yonum is created when such tones as Namryo(a), Limjong(g), Chong-Taeju(f) and Chungryo are finishing tones in each maru of Haeryong. But there is no Yonum when a maru is finished with Chong-Hwangjong(c). Yonum is aimed at providing interval for Piri group, prolonging performance, repeating each maru, displaying characteristics of music and suggesting the following music. In the final analysis, Haeryong is identified as a variation part A of Ponryong. It is also a variation mixed with interval tone, ornamented tone and Yonum, the basis of main tune of Ponryong.