어머니의 비만여부에 따른 딸의 비만지표, 사회심리적 건강지수, 영양소 섭취 비교

조강옥 ( Kang Ok Cho ),김연수 ( Yeon Soo Kim ) 대한영양사협회 2008 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.14 No.3

한국 성인의 대사증후군 위험인자들에 대한 체질량지수와 체형지수의 연관성

조강옥(KangOkCho) 한국체육학회 2013 한국체육학회지 Vol.52 No.6

본 연구는 질병관리본부로부터 2010년과 2011년의 제 5기 국민건강영양조사의 원시자료를 제공받아 성인 1,370명(남성4,054명, 여성 5,425명)의 자료를 활용하여 대사증후군 위험인자들에 대한 체질량지수(=체중/신장2)와 Krakauer가 개발한 체형지수(=허리둘레/체질량지수2/3×신장1/2)의 상관성을 분석하고자 수행하였다. 대사증후군 위험인자의 수준은 남성과 여성 모두에서 연령이 증가함에 따라 허리둘레, 혈당, 혈압 및 중성 지질의 수준은 모두 유의하게 증가(p<.001)하였고, 고밀도콜레스테롤의 수준은 모든 연령층의 남성과 30~49세와 50~64세의 여성에서 유의한 수준으로 감소하였다. 체질량지수와 체형지수는 남성과 여성 모두에게서 연령에 따라 모두 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 연령에 따른 유의한 수준별차이도 관찰되었다(p<.001). 대사증후군 위험인자들에 대한 체질량지수와 체형지수와의 상관관계 분석결과, 체질량지수는 모든 연령층의 남성과 여성에서 모든 대사증후군 위험인자들과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 그러나 체형지수는 19~29세의 남성 그룹에서는 허리둘레, 혈당, HDL-C, 중성 지질과, 그리고 30~49세의 남성그룹에서는 허리둘레, 수축기 혈압, 이완기혈압, 혈당, HDL-C, 중성 지질과 또한, 50~64세의 남성그룹에서는 허리둘레, 이완기 혈압, 혈당, HDL-C, 중성 지질과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 한편, 체형지수와는 19~29세의 여성그룹에서는 허리둘레, 이완기 혈압, 중성 지질과, 그리고 30~49세와 50~64세의 여성그룹에서는 허리둘레, 수축기 혈압, 혈당, HDL-C, 중성 지질과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과들로 미루어, 한국성인의 대사증후군의 관리를 위해서는 체형지수보다 체질량지수가 더 유효할 것으로 생각된다. This study was performed to investigate association body mass index(BMI) or a body mass index(ABSI) andmetabolic syndrome risk factors(waist circumference(WC), blood pressure, glucose, high density lipoprotein Cholesterol(HDL-C), and triglycerides) using 1,370 adults(4,054men and 5,425women) data of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2010 and 2011. ABSI was developed by Krakauer and defined as WC/(BMI2/3×height1/2,), expressing in meter. In the results, levels of WC, glucose, blood pressure, and triglycerides were significantly increased(p<.001) with age, while HDL-C was significantly decreased(p<.001). Further more, BMI and ABSI were significantly increased with age(p<.001). The correlations between BMI and all metabolic risks in males and females according age group showed statistically significances. However, ABSI showed significant correlations with WC, glucose, HDL-C, triglycerides in 19~29years, WC, blood pressure, glucose, HDL-C, triglycerides in 30~49years, and WC, glucose, HDL-C, triglycerides in 50~64years in the males, while significant correlations showed with WC, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides in 19~29years, WC, systolic blood pressure, glucose, HDL-C, triglycerides in 30~49years and 50~64years in females These results show that BMI is more effective to managemanet of metabolic syndrome risk factors than ABSI in Korean adults.

청소년 태권도선수의 하계 집중훈련 참여가 신체발달 및 신체적 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

조강옥(Kang Ok Cho),김연수(Yeon Soo Kim),이온(On Lee),신승민(Sung Min Shin),부준석(Jun Suk Bu),유병욱(Byung Wook You),양현석(Hyun Suk Yang) 한국발육발달학회 2009 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.17 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 weeks summer training camp participation on body composition, Taekwondo related fitness and physical self-efficacy in juvenile Taekwondo players. Forty seven subjects of male Taekwondo players were participated in this study. Before and after attending Taekwondo summer training camp, Taekwondo related fitness(VO_2max, reaction time, sergeant jump, side step), body composition (WHR, BMI, muscle mass, fat mass, %fat) and physical self efficacy(perceived physical ability, self confidence of physical expression, physical self efficacy) of subjects were measured and compared. And the correlation among the change values(CV) of Taekwondo related physical fitness, body composition and physical selfefficacy were analyzed. There were significantly improvements in VO_2max(p<.001), reaction time(p<.001), sergeant jump(p<.01), side step(p<.05). There were significantly changes(p<.01) in height, SBP, DBP although there was no significantly change in body composition. There was no significantly change in physical self efficacy. And there were significant correlations between CV of VO_2max and CV of received physical ability(r=.290, p<.05), CV of sergeant jump and CV of BMI(r=-.320, p<.05), CV of time reaction and CV of SBP (r=.343, p<.05), CV of time reaction and CV of muscle mass(r=.380, p<.01), CV of time reaction and CV of physical self efficacy(r=.305, p<.05), CV of side step and CV of fat mass(r=-.310, p<.05), CV of side step and CV of % fat(r=-337, p<.05). These results suggested that a summer training seems helpful to keep psychological management as well as physical fitness training as player in juvenile Taekwondo players.

청소년 태권도 선수들의 동계훈련 캠프 참여가 체력, 신체적 자기효능감 및 영양섭취에 미치는 영향

조강옥 ( Kang Ok Cho ),전태원 ( Tae Won Jun ),신현무 ( Hyun Moo Shin ) 한국운동영양학회 2009 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.13 No.1

자연과학편 : 한국 아동의 운동에너지 소비량과 신체적 특성과의 연관성

조강옥(KangOkCho),최혜정(HyeJungChoi) 한국체육학회 2012 한국체육학회지 Vol.51 No.6

본 연구는 제 4기 국민건강영양조사 자료 중 어린이 1,370명의 자료를 활용하여 운동에너지 소비량에 따른 신체적 특성을 분석하고 운동에너지 소비량과 신체적 특성과의 연관성을 분석하고자 하였다. 그 기준은 미국스포츠의학회의 어린이를 위한 운동에너지 권고 기준인 1,000~2,000 kcal/week을 실천수준을 기준으로 1,000kcal/week 미만인 그룹과 2,000kcal/week이상의 수준으로 구분하였다. 분석결과 남아와 여아의 평균 운동에너지 소비량은 2,088.4kcal/week와 1,695.6kcal/week이었다 (p<.001). 1,000kcal/week 미만을 소비하는 아동에 비해 1,000~2,000kcal/week을 소비한 남아는 신장 (p<.001), 체중(p<.05), 허리둘레 (p<.05), 혈압 (p<.001)에 유의성을 보였고, 여아는 신장 (p<.05), 혈압 (p<.01), 안정시 심박수 (p<.01)에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러나, 2,000kcal/week 이상의 운동에너지 소비에 참여한 남아는 신장, 체중, 허리둘레, BMI, 혈압에 유의한 차이 (p<.001)를 그리고 여아는 신장 (p<.001), 허리둘레 (p<.001), BMI (p<.05), 혈압 (p<.001)에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 운동에너지 소비량과 신체적 특성과의 연관성 분석에서는 남아는 신장 (r=.298, p<.001)과는 유의한 양의 상관관계를 그리고 체중 (r=-.331, p<.001), 허리둘레 (r=-.236, p<.001), BMI (r=-.252, p<.001), 수축기 혈압 (r=-.239, p<.001), 이완기 혈압(r=-.250, p<.001), 안정시 심박수 (r=-.226, <.001)와는 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, 여아는 운동에너지 소비량과 신장(r=.236, pp<.001)은 유의한 양의 상관관계를 그리고 수축기 혈압 (r=-.310, p<.001)과 이완기 혈압 (r=-.180, p=.016)은 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과들로 미루어, 남아는 운동에너지 소비량과 모든 신체적 특성과 긍정적인 상관성을 보인 반면, 남아에 비해 운동에너지 소비량이 상대적으로 적은 여아는 신장과 혈압에서 긍정적인 상관성을 보였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the total energy expenditure (TEE) and then it`s relationship between degree of energy expenditure and physical characteristics of Korean 1,370 children . The values of total energy expenditure were classified into under 1,000kcal/week, 1.000~2,000kcal/week, and over 2,000kcal/week. The average TEE of boys and girls were 2,088.4kcal/week and 1,695.6kcal/week. When compared with children of under 1,000kcal/week, the boys of the 1,000~2,000kcal/week showed significant difference in height (p<.001), weight (p<.05), waist circumference (p<.05), blood pressure (p<.001) and girls showed in height (p<.05), blood pressure (p<.01), heart rate (p<.01). However, the boys of over 2,000kcal/week showed significant difference in height, weight, waist circumference, BMJ, and blood pressure (p<.001) and girls in height (p<.001), waist circumference (p<.001), BMI (p<.05), blood pressure (p<.001). For correlation between the TEE and physical characteristics, TEE had significantly correlations with height (r=.298, p<.001), body weight (r=-.331, p<.001), waist circumference (r=-.236, p<.001), BMI (r=-.252, p<.001), blood pressure (r=-.239, p<.001), and heart rate (r=-.226, p<.001) for boys and height (r=.236, p<.001), systolic blood pressure (r=-.310, p<.001), and diastolic blood pressure (r=-.180, p=.016) for girls. These results show that physical characteristics were affected by physical activity for boys while only height and blood pressure were affected in girls.

한국 청소년의 규칙적 운동 유무에 따른 신체발달과 식사의 질 평가: 2007년 국민건강영양조사 분석

조강옥(Kang Ok Cho),김연수(Yeon Soo Kim) 한국발육발달학회 2010 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study was to assess the physical development and nutritional quality in Korean adolescents by their exercise regularity using KNHNES data. The data were obtained from the KNHNES, 2007. The study subjects, total 300 adolescents(167 boys, 133 girls) aged 12 to 18 years, were classified into four groups based on the their exercise regularity and sex: the exercised male group (EM), the not exercised male group(NM), the exercised female group(EF), and the not exercised female group(NF). The EF exhibited significantly higher weight and body mass index(BMI) values than the NF(p<.05). However, the EM showed significantly lower total cholesterol content than the NM(p<.05). The indices of nutritional quality(INQ) in the EM and the NM were not assessed well in regard to vitamin C and Ca. Furthermore, Ca and Fe of the INQ in the EF, and vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, Ca of the INQ in the NF were not assessed well. The nutritional adequacy ratio(NAR) in the all groups were not assessed well in regard to energy, riboflavin, vitamin C, Ca. Additionally, vitamin A of the NAR in the NM and the NF were not assessed well. However, we noted no significant differences in the mean adequacy ratio between groups. Although there was no significantly correlation between physical development factors and indices of diet quality in the male adolescent subjects. There were significant correlations between height and INQ vitamin C(r=.38, p<.05), weight and INQ vitamin C(r=.38, p<.05), height and NAR energy(r=-43, p<.01), height and NAR Ca(r=.38, p<.05), height and NAR P(r=.38, p<.05), weight and NAR Ca(r=.43, p<.05) in the EF group. These results suggested that regular exercise seems helpful to improve physical development as well as diet quality in Korean adolescents.

육상 필드종목 유소년선수들의 신체적 특성 및 식사의 질 비교

조강옥 ( Kang Ok Cho ),남상남 ( Sang Nam Nam ),신현경 ( Hyung Kyoung Shin ) 한국운동영양학회 2010 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.14 No.4

PURPOSE. This study analyzed physical characteristics and evaluated quality of dietary intake in junior field athletes according to their sports event. METHODS. Total 103 junior field athletes (57 boys, 46 girls) aged 11 to 15 years, were classified into male jumping players (MJ, n=27), female jumping players (FJ, n=30), male throwing players (MT, n=23) and female throwing players (FT, n=23) by their sports event and sex. RESULTS. MT exhibited significantly higher in height (p<.05), weight p<.001), BMI p<.001), lean body mass (p<.001) and % body fat (p<.001) than those of MJ. In addition, FT showed significantly higher in physical characteristics including height p<.0l), weight p<.00l), BMI (p<.001), lean body mass (p<.00l), % body fat (p<.001) than those of FJ. For comparison of estimated energy requirement (EER) and nutrient intake, MT and FT showed significantly higher intake of total energy (p<.001), carbohydrate (p<.001), protein (p<.001), lipid p<.001), and EER (p<.001) than those of MJ and FJ, respectively. The ratio of macro-nutrient intake appeared out of the appropriate range in MT. FJ and FT. In addition, energy and Ca of the nutritional adequacy ratio (NAR) in the all groups were assessed not adequacy. For correlation of EER with energy, there were significant correlations in MJ (r=.953, p<.001) and MT (r=.731, p<.001). However, there was no significant correlation between EER and energy in FJ and FT. CONCLUSiON. These results indicate that the all group`s dietary energy and Ca intake were not adequate for the junior field athletes. Therefore, optimal athletic nutritional planning based on individual EER and quality of dietary intake is needed to enhance athletic health and competition in Korean juvenile field athletes.

어머니의 운동이 여대생 딸의 운동, 비만지표, 사회심리적 건강지수 및 영양소 섭취에 미치는 영향

조강옥(Cho Kang Ok),김연수(Kim Yeun Soo) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2008 한국지역사회생활과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

한국청소년의 신체활동과 좌식행동 및 식이행동의 건강관련행태 실천과 상호관련성 : 2008년 청소년건강행태온라인조사 분석

조강옥(Kang-Ok Cho) 한국생활환경학회 2011 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.18 No.1

A web-based survey has been administered annually since 2005 throughout Korea to assess the prevalence of adolescent health risk behaviors among middle and high school student. The aim of this study was to analyse the patterns and the interrelationships for meeting guideline of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and dietary behavior (DB) based on the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based survey (KYRBWS) 2008 data. A cross-sectional design was used to assess 49,110 middle-high school students. PA (moderate PA≥5 times/week, or vigorous≥3 times/week) SB (watching TV, computer, DVD, video, etc. L3 hours/day), and DB (serving of fruits≥1 time/day, or vegetables≥3 times/day) were categorized into level of meeting guidelines or not. Adolescents meeting guidelines for PA, SB, and DB were 54.7% (boys 66.9%, girls 41.1%), 84.4% (boys 87.4%, girls 83.0%), and 72.6% (boys 73.2%, girls 72.0%), respectively. In addition, there were significant differences between both genders for PA (p<0.001), SB (p<0.001) and DB (p<0.01). Only 6.9% of students met all three guidelines and 13.0% did not meet all three. Students who did not meet PA were at greater fisk of not meeting SB (boys; OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.12, girls; OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.22) and DB (boys; OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.65 to 1.85, girls; OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.44 to 1.62) compared with students who met PA. The findings of this study support not an independent behavior approach but a multiple behavior approach taking into account gender and interrelationship among the physical, sedentary and dietary behaviors.

하계 훈련시 고교 레슬링 선수들의 단기간 체중감량이 신체적 특성 및 영양 섭취에 미치는 영향

조강옥 ( Kang Ok Cho ) 대한무도학회 2013 대한무도학회지 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구는 단기간 체중감량이 고교 레슬링 선수들의 신체적인 특성 및 영양 섭취에 미치는 영향을 실험 하고자 하였다. 7일간의 체중감량에 참여를 희망한 12명의 고교 레슬링 선수들은 체중조절에 참여하기 전 3일과 참여 7일 동안 신체계측을 매일 새벽 운동 전인 오전 6시에 실시하였고, 식이일지의 작성은 모든 일과를 마친 오후 9시에 작성하였다. 분석결과, 고교 레슬링 선수들의 단기간의 체중감량은 체중 감량 전에 비해 체중(p<.001), 체질량지수(p=.009), 근육량(p<.001, 전체 체중감소의 86%)은 유의하게 감소되었고, 에너지 필요 요구량은 3,724.5kcal에서 3,500.8kcal로 감소하였으며, 체중 1kg 당 EER을 계산한 값은 57.9kcal에서 59.9kcal로 오히려 유의한 수준으로 증가하였다(p=.035). 단기간 체중 감량기간 동안 고교 레슬링선수들의 다량 영양소의 섭취는 체중감량 전에 비해 열량, 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방의 모든 다량 영양소의 섭취를 유의한 수준으로 적게 하였으며(p<.001), 미량 영양소의 섭취는 calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, Niacin, folate를 유의한 수준으로 적게 한 것으로 나타났다(p<.001). 이상의 결과들로 미루어, 고교 레슬링 선수들의 하계 훈련 동안에 이루어지는 단기간의 체중감량은 체중감량의 86%가 근육의 감소로 이루어져 있고, 영양적 불균형이 발생되고 있었다. 그러므로 하계 훈련시 고교 레슬링 선수들의 체중감량을 계획할 때는 훈련의 양과 에너지 균형의 측면을 고려한 중·장기적 계획이 필요할 것으로 보여 진다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a short term body weight reduction on physical characteristics and nutrients intake during summer training in Wrestling high school players. 12 high school Wrestling players recorded their daily dietary intake for nutritional analysis and measured their physical characteristics in every day. After body weight reduction, compare to before reduction, there were significant reduced body weight(p<.001), body mass index(p=.009), muscle mass(p<.001, 86% of total body weight reduction). In addition, the estimated energy requirement was decreased from 3,724,5kcal to 3,500.8kcal with no significant difference, while the value of estimated energy requirement divided by 1kg of body weight was changed from 57.9kcal to 59.9kcal(p=.035). In changes of nutrients intake, intake of total energy, carbohydrates, protein, and fats were significantly lower when after body weight reduction compare to before reduction(p<.001). Moreover, intake of calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, Niacin, and folate were significantly lower(p<.001). These results suggested that a short term body weight reduction seems not proper to enhance competition and to maintain optimal sports nutritional condition. Therefore, an alternative a medium or long plan is needed to make good for competition condition and nutritional balance in high school Wrestling players.