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- 저자 : 池浚模 (검색결과 24 건)
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池浚模 고려대학교 민족문화연구소 1970 民族文化硏究 Vol.4 No.-
Some say we are able to point out the racial characteristics from the language, and some don't say the language will reveal any characteristics of the native speaker. The writer, however, believes the peculiarity of a language which has been fostered through historical surroundings and social life has the distinctive way of its own expression from anothers. It goes without saying that the language, the race and the culture are not always related in parallel with one another, but comparatively simple is the condition of the relation among the three in the first period of human history. After the beginning of the historical age the Korean people had already been simplified and then they have developed the Korean language as their only means of oral expression. Although the imported vocabulary of Chinese classical words amounts to more than one-half of all the vocabulary the Koreans have, the phonology, the morphology and the syntax are quite their own. Accordingly, this paper will go on with little danger. Ⅱ From the plural of the first person The Korean people like to use "we, our, us" instead of "I, my, me" when they speak and write, for example "our home." In the western world there are some ways of using the plural of personal pronoun as the politeness of plural in the second person, the modesty of plural of the editor's "we" and the majesty of plural of the emperor's "we". But, the plural of the first person in Korean is quite different from "we" in the case of Western emperors who claim their subjects to be unitedly loyal. It has come from "engagement(F)" of the commoners of the agricultural age. Ⅲ From Number Korean nouns have not plural forms. When they need to express the plural in an occasion, they attach some suffix to the noun. And the numeral itself has words of round number. They can say "two or three" in a single word, although they have "two or three" type of expression consisted of three words as in English. In the ancient times the Korean people mistook some foreign numerals and used them as theirs. Some of them have had vigesimal system in counting money while the other the decimal system, according to districts. The Koreans have had vague conception of number. IV From Honorifics The development of honorifics in the Korean language does not seem to depend only on the feudality. In the olden times the Chinese calls Korea "the Eastern Country of Etiquette." And in the predicate verb of the Korean Language there are six grades of honorifics, which have been developed to the highest degree all over the world. The supposition that the honorifics was brought up in the feudal society is of weak foundation. Ⅴ From Passive Voice The passive voice in French was not so developed as in English and that in Korean was not so developed as in Japanese, either. The less-development of passive voice in a language may lay in the self-pride and unaccomodativeness of the people who speak the language. In the ancient times the Koreans called their country "Great". In the middle age they thought themselves to be people of "Small, Civilized country," and took almost the other tribes on the earth for barbarians. These facts also prove that the Koreans have been self-proud and lacking in flexibility. Ⅳ From Emphasis Any language has its own way of expressing emphasis, still more many kinds of it. We are sure, however, the morphological development is always prior to the idiomatical or syntactical one. The emphasis in the Korean language consists almost of the auxiliary stem which is one of the morphological elements, or of the auxiliary verb which forms the phrase, though. And the Koreans have double expressions which are accepted as standard and polite, and are means of emphasis in the Korean language, while the like phenomena in American English are of dialect and of a proof of the uneducated. The Korean people like so much to emphasize what they think of that they are more or less obstinate and sticky. Ⅶ From Postposition The case-ending of noun class words in an inflectional language or the case-postpostion after noun class words in an agglutinative language shows its function as the element in a sentence. In the former case the preposition also plays an important role. No sentence will be made only of words, if omitting the case or the preposition, in the European languages. The Korean, however, makes his sentence without postposition so far as the meaning is not hurted. This very distinction between them is inferred by us that the Europeans are analytical, while the Koreans are synthetical. Ⅷ From Sound Symbolism The sound symbolism belongs to a phonological fact, for which is more basic than a morphological one, the writer decides to take it additionally in this paper. The Korean language has the richest and most extensive system of sound symbolism. The vowel has the correlative order of showing small-to-big and the consonant has the composition of meaning weak-to-strong. Vowel and consonant working doubly in a certain word, many of its derivational words which have so unique nuance are born that a kind of meaning quantity is there between each of them. The Koreans, who discern this from that, are poets in this sense. On the one hand, the Koreans had the primitive festival, wherein all the people gathered in a mass and enjoyed dancing, singing. The traces are still pursued in every unit of farming village, especially in the southern Korea today. The Korean people have had indulgent tastes for art. Ⅸ From Fortisfying and Aspirating This section also is added in this paper. The consonant of some words are still in progress of fortisfying and aspirating. The increase of strong and wild pronunciation, moreover in the community where the sound symbolism is most developed as in the Korean language, may induce strong and wild consciousness of the speakers. Fortunately, the Korean people make positive use of consonant assimilation, which softens the feeling of utterance. Ⅹ Conclusion The merits of the Koreans are their politeness, "engagement" and enjoying arts. And their shortcoming is the lack of number conception. Both points they have together are those that stickiness and self-pride are accompanied with little accomodaliveness and little flexibility. The ability of synthesis they have also accompanies the shortage of analysis. Most of these characteristics are found in the substratum and the others which are not mentioned here perhaps are constructed in upper-strata through historical process.
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