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권성원 ( Sung Won Kwon ),박세일 ( S . I . Park ),조용명 ( Y . M . Cho ),강전홍 ( J . H . Kang ) 한국센서학회 1996 센서학회지 Vol.5 No.4
Planar multi-junction thermal converters were fabricated for precise measurements of the ac voltage and current by an ac-do transfer method. A heater and a thermocouple array were fabricated onto a sandwiched membrane, Si₃N₄ (200 nm) / SiO₂(400 nm) / Si₃N₄(200 nm, a thickness of 0.8 ㎛ and a size of 2 x 4 ㎟, which is supported by a surrounding frame. The NiCr heater is located at the center of the membrane vertically. Hot junctions of 48 ∼ 156 pairs of thermocouples (Cu-CuNi44) are located near or onto the heater, and cold junctions are located onto the silicon frame. Output of the thermal converters for 10 mA do input was 76 mV ∼ 382 mV dependent on a model, and short term stability of the outputs was ±5 ∼ 15 ppm/ 10 min with 5 mA do input. Responsivity in air was in the range of 3.9 ∼ 14.5 V/W. Responsivity of the model BF48 in air which has 48 thermocouples was 2 times or greater than that of 3 dimensional multi-junction thermal converter in vacuum which has 56 thermocouples. AC-DC transfer differences with an input of 10 mA or less were less than ±1 ppm in the frequency range from 5 Hz to 2 kHz, and about 2 ∼ 3 ppm at 5 kHz and 10 kHz.
선박우선특권의 실행방식 변경 및 피담보채무자의 범위 제한에 관한 고찰 - 정기용선자를 중심으로 -
권성원 ( Sung-won Kwon ) 한국해법학회 2017 韓國海法學會誌 Vol.39 No.2
실무상 선박우선특권 실행은 선박의 국적을 불문하고 선박에 대한 임의경매로 실행하도록 한다. 또한 선박우선특권이 인정되는 피담보채권에 해당하면, 비록 정기용선자의 채무라고 하더라도 선박우선특권을 인정해 왔다. 선박우선특권제도가 나라마다 다른데도 이처럼 일률적으로 판결 없이 경매를 진행할 수 있도록 하는 것과, 성문의 근거규정이 없는데도 정기용선자의 채무에 대해서까지 선체용선에 관한 규정을 유추 적용하여 선박우선특권을 인정하는 것은 위법·부당하다. 선박우선특권은 공시되지 않는데도, 그 효력도 저당권에 우선한다. 그런데도 우리 실무와 같이 폭넓게 선박우선특권의 효력을 인정한다면, 다른 채권자나 담보권자의 권리를 침해할 수 있게 된다. 그러므로 선박우선특권에 관한 규정은 가급적 엄격하게 해석하고 그 적용도 제한하여야 한다. 이 논문은 선박우선특권의 적용을 제한할 당위적인 필요성을 검토하고 그에 대한 구체적인 제한원리를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 물권법정주의와 선박우선특권의 실행을 위해 인정하는 경매청구권에 대해서 살펴본다. 선박우선특권을 담보물권으로 인정하는 우리나라 법제 하에서는 선박우선특권에 대해서도 물권법정주의의 원칙이 엄격히 적용되어야 한다. 따라서 선체용선의 관련 규정을 유추적용하여 정기용선자의 채무에 대해서 선박우선특권을 인정해왔던 기존의 해석론은 물권법정주의를 위반하는 것이므로 폐기되어야 한다. 또한 우리나라와 동일하게 선박우선특권을 취급하지 않는 외국적 선박에 대해 서까지 국적선과 동일하게 선박임의경매로 선박우선특권을 실행하도록 하는 실무도 변경되어야 할 것이다. Under the Korean law practice, a maritime lien on a vessel shall be executed by means of public auction to the vessel concerned to the maritime lien and this rule shall apply for all vessels arrested in Korea regardless of the vessel’s flag. Pursuant to Precedents reported, creditors by maritime lien may go to a public auction to the concerned vessel without obtaining a written judgment from a competent court. On the other hand, under the situation of no statutory article in the commercial code, is it generally accepted that a series of claims against a time charterer shall be secured by maritime lien by analogy with Article 850 of the commercial code. However, it is illogical and unjust that in some jurisdictions such as Panama, USA and England, Maritime lien is a right to establish jurisdiction at the port where a vessel calls so that it is closer to a procedural right and that under the Korean property act, any right that is neither prepared in the statute nor acknowledged as a customary law by the court is not a real right. Under the true construction of the Korean law, it is groundless that a certain article in the Bareboat Charter chapter can apply analogous to a maritime issue concerned with Time charter, since it may result in breaching and infringing the said Numerus Clausus principle, the basic and fundamental rule of real rights. Furthermore, Korean Law does not realize a certain way to make Maritime lien public albeit maritime lien shall prevail over a pledge right and a mortgage. For this reason, if the scope of maritime lien holder is broadly extended or admitted without being supported by a statute, it may give rise to harm the rights of other creditors and other mortgagees. Accordingly, articles of Maritime lien are to be strictly construed and limitedly applied to a particular matter. The purpose of this article is to make it clear why the construction and application of articles of maritime lien are done limitedly and strictly focusing on some legal issues arising out of Time charter and further to make a suggestion of a new practice for execution of Maritime lien. For that purpose, this article will firstly reconsider the principle of Numerus Clausus and the law of claim to request auction of a designated vessel so as to execute a certain credit secured by maritime lien. And then, this will point out that there is necessity in changing the current law practice of ship arrest for maritime lien into two ways, that is to say, Claim to request auction to the vessel concerned to maritime lien is for vessels having Korean flag and Ship arrest for provisional attachment is for foreign vessels. Further, this article will demonstrate logically that as a matter of true construction of the Korean law, Maritime lien may not be conferred on any claim arising out of a time charter by analogy with certain article of Bareboat charter.
132 ㎸ 초정밀 전압변성기(PT) 개발 및 안정도 평가
권성원(Sung-Won Kwon),이상화(Sang Hwa Lee),정재갑(Jae Kap Jung),김문석(Mun-Seog Kim),김재영(Jae Young Kim),이성하(Sung-Ha Lee) 대한전기학회 2009 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.7
High accurate and stable 132 ㎸ potential transformers (PTs) including 66 ㎸ & 22 ㎸ PT with stability of less than 0.0033 % for 13 month and with ratio error within ± 0.024 % at full rated voltage have been developed. The PTs are useful as the reference PT of the PT comparator system in the voltage range of 11 ㎸ to 132 ㎸ PT.
權聖遠(Sung-Won Kwon),鄭在甲(Jae-Kap Jung),李相和(Sang-Hwa Lee),金明壽(Myungsoo Kim) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.6
A calculable potential transformer (PT) with nominal ratio error in wide range of -10 % to +10 % has been developed on basis of theoretical calculation of ratio error by the number of windings. The developed PT can be used to evaluate the linearity and accuracy of the PT comparator by comparing both the theoretical and experimental values of the PT which have exactly same ratio errors in nominal and calculated values. The PT has been applied for calibration and correction of the PT comparator up to wide ratio error range of -10 % to +10 %. This portable PT is very convenient to carry to the power industry for the on-site calibration of the PT comparator.
권성원,이래덕,Kwon, Sung-Won,Lee, Rae-Duk,Klonz, Manfred 한국센서학회 1992 센서학회지 Vol.29 No.3
저주파에서의 교류전류 1차표준은 교류-직류 변환기를 이용하여 직류전류표준으로부터 유도된다. 전류측 정범위 $5mA{\sim}20A$, 주파수범위 $10Hz{\sim}100kHz$에서 교류전류의 1차표준기로 사용될 15개의 교류-직류 열전형 전류변환기를 제작 및 평가한 결과, 이를 이용한 교류전류표준의 유지 및 보급의 측정 불확도는, 주파수 20 kHz이 하에서 측정 전류 20 mA까지는 최대 52 ppm, 100 mA까지는 60 ppm으로 확인되었고, 측정 전류 및 주파수가 증가함에 따라 200 ppm까지 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. A primary standard of ac current at low frequency is derived from the standard of dc current by ac-dc transfer instrument. A set of 15 thermal current converters(TCCs) have been constructed as the primary current standards from 5 mA to 20 A at the frequency range of 10 Hz to 100 kHz. It is evaluated that the uncertainties for the maintenance and dissemination of ac current standard are less than 52 ppm up to 20 mA and 20 kHz, 60 ppm up to 100 mA and 20 kHz, and rising to 200 ppm at higher currents and frequencies.