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박찬진 ( Chan Jin Park ),박용아 ( Yong Ah Park ),옥승석 ( Seung Seok Ok ),계명찬 ( Myung Chan Gye ) 한국환경생물학회 2014 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.32 No.1
양서류는 육상과 수상생태계를 연결하는 먹이사슬의 연결자로 진화적 생태적 지이를 갖는다. 양서류의 배아와 유생은 모체와 독립되어 수환경 내에서 초기발생 및 성장하기 때문에 수환경에 존재하는 다양한 화학물질에 직접적으로 노출될 수 있다. Azole계열 항곰팡이제는 농업 및 의료용으로 널리 사용되는 화학물질로서 농지, 하수처리장 등으로 부터 수계로 유입된다. 최근, 양서류에서 이러한 azole계 물질에 의한 기형유발, 내분비계장애 효과가 증가하고 있다. 본 소고에서는 azole계 물질의 양서류 독성을 파악하고 azole계 물질의 안전한 이용을 위한 가이드라인을 제공하고자 azole계열에 속하는 imidazole, triazole, thiazole, oxazole, pyrazole 항곰팡이 물질이 양서류의 발생, 분화, 생식 등에 미치는 영향에 대해 최근까지의 연구결과를 정리하였다. Amphibians play a pivotal role in the ecosystem as a mediator between aquatic and terrestrial environment. Currently they are directly exposed to a variety of chemicals in the aquatic environment throughout their life cycle. Azole fungicides have been widely used in medical applications and agricultural activities. The direct exposure of azole fungicides causes an alarming situation for various ecosystem. Recently, teratogenesis and endocrine disruption by azole fungicides have been reported in amphibians. In an effort to provide the current information for amphibian toxicity of azole fungicides and to make the guidelines for safe usage of azolebased materials, the effects of azole fungicides including imidazole, triazole, thiazole, oxazole, and pyrazoleon on early development, differentiation and reproduction of amphibians were reviewed.
Resuscitation Bag 의 산소유량과 저장기 튜브길이가 산소농도에 미치는 영향
박찬진,최서영,정성수,정창영 대한마취과학회 1994 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.27 No.6
Resuscitation bag (RB) is widely used for artificial ventilation and adequate ventilation during resuscitation, or for patient transport, when high concentration of inspired oxygen (70-100%) must be supplied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oxygen flow and the length of corrugated tube as a reservoir on the oxygen concentration in the adult type and pediatric type resuseitation bag. Each 24 mm corrugated tube (0, 20,40, 60, 80, 100 cm) was attached to the inlet valve, oxygen flow of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 or 15 L/min was delivered to oxygen inlet site of RB. and oxygen concentration was measured for 10 times. To eliminate the possibility that ventilatory pattern affect the oxygen concentration, RB was manually handled with normal ventilatory pattern ; in advlt type, tidal volume was 800 cc, respiratory rate was 10/min and 1:E ratio was 1:2, in pediatric type, tidal volume was 100 cc, respiratory rate was 20/min and 1:E ratio was 1:2. In adult RB, a 15 L oxygen flow without reservoir delivered less than 50% oxygen. To get more than 70% oxygen, one must administer more than a 15 L oxygen flow with reservoir of 60 cm corrugated tube, oxygen flow of 9 L/min with 80 cm corrugated tube or a 7 L flow of oxygen with 100 cm corrugated tube. And to provide more than 80%, oxygen of more than a 11 L flow with reservoir of 100 cm should be delivered. In pediatric RB, a 15 L oxygen flow without reservoir get more than 70% oxygen. A 20 cm corrugated tube as a reservoir increased abruptly oxygen concentration, and A 40 cm tube with more than a 7 L flow delivered more than 95% oxygen, but above 60cm tube there is little increase in the oxygen concentration. These results indicated that to get more than 70% oxygen, 60 cm and 40 cm corrugated tube is required in adult type RB and pediatric type RB respectively as an oxygen reservoir.