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장기영 고려대학교 의과대학 1979 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.16 No.1
It has become traditional to use the term stress ulcer to describe acute gastric mucosal lesions (AGM) proceded by a major stess such as that of an operation or of severe thermal burns or hemorrhagic shock. AGM lesin is a general term applied to conditions characterized by the acute development of mucosal lesions in the form of erythema. mucojal hemorrhage. erosions and ulcerations in the mucosa of the stomach and duodenum. The salient clinical manifestation of AGM lesions, regardless of thear cause, is bleeding. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the AGM lesion which was experimentally produced in rats by brain injury and administration of steroid. The experimental animals, normal adult rats, were divided into 4 groups: The first group of brain injury, the second group of brain injury and administration of steroid, the third group of administration of steroid only, and the fourth group of normal control with or without administration of normal saline. The frequency of AGM lesios was studied in relation to each experimental group, experimental period and grade of lesion. The AGM lesions were divided into 3 grades depending on the macroscopic and micoscopic findings. AGM lesions were observed in 34 out of 63 experimental animals except for control group of animal. Majority of the lesions were found in the glandular portion of the stomach. In the brain injured group, the lesions that was eyrthematous and superficial mucosal erosion were found in 3 out of 21 (14.30%), which were observed in experimental period of 3-5 days. In the group with brain injury and steroid administration, the lesions were found in 16 out of 21 animals (76.2%). Among them grade 1 was in 2 out of 16, grade 2 in 10 and grade 3 in 4, which were observed in the period of 2-7 days. In the group with administration of steroid, the lesions were found in 15 out of 21 animals (71.4%) Among them grade 1 was 2 out of 15, grade 2 in 11 and grade 3 in 2, which were able to be observed from 2nd day throughout the experimental period. No lesions were observed in the control group of animals.
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보안 영상 시스템에 적합한 H.264의 적응적 인트라 고속 알고리즘
장기영,김응태 한국통신학회 2008 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.33 No.12
H.264는 향상된 압축성능과 에러 복구 기술, 네트워크로의 적응력을 포함하고 있는 비디오 압축 표준으로, 실시간 비디오 스트리밍, 디지털 멀티미디어 방송 등의 여러 분야에서 적용되고 있다. 그러나 H.264/AVC는 압축효율은 높아졌지만 기존의 부호화 방식들 보다 훨씬 더 많은 연산 및 메모리 접근을 요구하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 H.264/AVC의 부호화 복잡도를 줄이면서 실시간적인 보안 영상시스템에 적합한 적응적 인트라(Intra) 고속 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이를 위해 현재프레임의 매크로블록(macroblock)과 이전프레임의 매크로블록 간 시간적 상관성(interrelationship)을 이용하여 매크로블록의 부호화모드를 저 연산화 및 고속으로 결정할 수 있는 인트라 예측(intra prediction)방법을 제안한다. 실험결과 제안된 방식은 평균 0.04dB이하의 미미한 화질 저하 및 비트량이 약간 증가 하였지만, 부호화 처리시간이 상당히 개선되었고, 보안 영상과 같은 주변 배경의 움직임이 적은 영상에서 기존방식들에 비해 더욱 많은 부호화 처리시간을 줄일 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.
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張基永 대한치과교정학회 1985 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.15 No.2
Fifty subjects who were to be treated with fixed orthodontic appliances by light wire edgewise technique were selected. Bands with different marginal depth were made in first molar and direct bonding brackets were bonded in second premolar. For determining the effects of fixed orthodontic appliance on the gingival tissue, the changes of clinical crown length, periodontal pocket depth, gingival sulcus fluid were checked. The results were as follows: 1. Gingival condition was deteriorated after wearing the fixed orthodontic appliance, and the deterioative rate was decreased gradually. 2. The greatest gingival change was occurred in the maxillary first molar among the experimental teeth. 3. The gingival change of maxillary teeth was graeter than that of mandibular teeth.(p??0.01) 4. The greater gingival change was occurred around subgingivally located band than around supragingivally located band. 5. Comparing the gingival changes of banded teeth with them of bonded teeth , the gingival tissue was more effected by oral hygiene than by type of appliances. 6. In the quantitive changes of gingival crevicular fluid, there was exact relationship with gingival inflammation.
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‘킬러로봇’ 규범을 둘러싼 국제적 갈등: ‘국제규범 창설자’와 ‘국제규범 반대자’ 사이의 정치적 대립을 중심으로
장기영 서울대학교 국제학연구소 2020 국제지역연구 Vol.29 No.1
Recently, ‘killer robots’ are emerging as one of key technologies of future warfare. Given that robotic weapons, once activated, can select and engage targets without any human intervention, this paper mainly deals with why the international community has still failed to create specific new global norms to ban killer robots in international relations. While the idea of banning killer robots has been promoted by ‘norm entrepreneurs’ on the international stage, an oppositional role – the ‘norm antipreneur’ – should also be recognized to understand the dynamics of international norms to ban killer robots. Thus, it is critical to examine international conflicts between norm entrepreneurs and norm antipreneurs in order to understand the life-cycle of global norms against the use of killer robots. 본 연구는 다수의 국제정치 행위자들이 인간의 통제를 벗어난 무기체계의 도입을 우려하는 상황 에도 불구하고 킬러로봇과 같은 자율무기체계 개발을 금지하는 규범이 왜 국제사회에서 확립되지 못하는지 그 원인에 대하여 분석한다. 현재 킬러로봇에 대한 국제규범은 ‘규범생애주기’(norm life cycle)의 첫 번째 단계인 ‘규범출현’ 단계에 있다. 규범출현 단계에서 규범창설자들이 일정 수의 국 가들을 설득해서 임계점(tipping point)을 넘게 되면 킬러로봇 규범은 전 지구적 규범으로 발전될 수 있지만 반대로 임계점에 도달하지 않으면 관련 규범은 더 이상 전 세계 국가지도자들의 관심을 얻지 못한 채 ‘잃어버린 대의’(lost cause)로 전락할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 킬러로봇 국제규범 을 정착시키려는 ‘규범창설자’(norm entrepreneurs)와 로봇기술의 발전을 도모하고자 하는 ‘규범 반대자’(norm antipreneurs) 사이의 규범적 갈등을 바탕으로 향후 관련 규범화가 어려운 원인을 규명한다.
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이탈리안 라이그라스 사일리지 급여가 한우 경산우의 번식 성적에 미치는 영향
이희진,국길,장기영,김광현 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2016 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.53 No.-
To investigate the effect of Italian ryegrass silage feeding on the reproductive performance of Hanwoo cows, the experiments were carried out between August 2011 and August 2012 in the experimental farm of Chonnam National University. Two diets, rice straw or Italian ryegrass silage, were fed to 31 Hanwoo cows with different ratio of concentrate. In control group (=CON), cows (n=15) were fed with 5㎏ (/head) of rice straw and 3㎏ (/head) of commercial diet. In Italian ryegrass silage group (=IRGS), cows (n=16) were fed with 10.0㎏ (/head) Italian ryegrass silage and 1㎏ (/head) of commercial diet. Days to post-partum insemination were not significantly different, as shown 70.2±12.84 days for CON and 85.1±22.6 days for IRGS group. Days to post-partum conception in CON or IRGS were 75.8±8.99 and 63.6±7.23 days (p<0.05), respectively. Post-partum conception rates for first service in CON or IRGS was 73.3% and 93.7%, respectively, and caving interval was 368.80±9.76 days for CON and 350.63±4.00 days for IRGS group(P<0.05). Body condition scores(BCS) of Hanwoo cows at artificial insemination was 5.13±0.29 for CON group and 4.90±0.20 for IRGS group. These results suggust that a proper management by regular BSC measurement is necesarry when IRGS is fed to reproductive Hanwoo cows.
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