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Characteristics of Ozone Precursor Emissions and POCP in the Biggest Port City in Korea
송상근,손장호,손현근 한국대기환경학회 2015 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.9 No.2
Emissions of ozone precursors (NOx and VOCs) and photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) of VOC emission sources were investigated in the largest port city (i.e., Busan), Korea during the year 2011. This analysis was performed using the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) national emission inventory provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea. For NOx, the emissions from off-road mobile sources in Busan were the most dominant (e.g., 31,202 ton yr-1), accounting for about 60% of the total NOx emissions. The emission from shipping of off-road mobile sources (e.g., 24,922 ton yr-1) was a major contributor to their total emissions, amounting to 47% of the total NOx emissions due to the port-related activities in Busan. For VOCs, the emission source category of solvent usage was predominant (e.g., 36,062 ton yr-1), accounting for approximately 82% of the total VOC emissions. Out of solvent usages, the emission from painting was the most dominant (22,733 ton yr-1), comprising 52% of the total emissions from solvent usages. The most dominant VOC species emitted from their sources in Busan was toluene, followed by xylene, butane, ethylbenzene, n-butanol, isopropyl alcohol, and propane. The major emission sources of toluene and xylene were found to be painting of coil coating and ship building, respectively. The value of POCP for the offroad mobile source (61) was the highest in ten major activity sectors of VOC emissions. Since the POCP value of ship transport of off-road mobile source (72) was also high enough to affect ozone concentration, the ship emission can play a significant role in ozone production of the port city like Busan.
매개와 왜곡: 장애인은 내러티브 기사에서 어떻게 재현되는가?
송상근 한국시각장애교육&재활학회 2014 시각장애연구 Vol.30 No.4
This study aims to examine the description of the people with disabilities in the media via feature articles, ‘Narrative Report’ from Donga-Ilbo, further making suggestions to improve the report concerning the minority group. Based on the reviews of the current discussion on the report on the people with disabilities, the study analyzes the protagonist’s attributes, story developments, and lexicons used in the selected 20 narrative reports. The analysis is consisted of three parts:Firstly, the attributes of the people with disabilities. ‘Narrative Report’ underlined the particular gender, age and occupations, guiding the story to a certain direction unconsciously or deliberately. Secondly, the fixed pattern of story developments. Reports were kept within a stereotypical pattern of ‘sudden advent of disabilities-beginning of the despair-triumph over adversities’. Lastly, the usage of vocabularies. From titles to bodies, positive terms such as ‘dreams’, ‘hope’, and ‘challenge’ were used to emphasize success rather than failure, hope, rather than despair. This fails to get the bird-eye view of the general realistic hardships and reality of the people with disabilities. The three important components of articles are story, terms and framework. Yet, the narratives about the people with disabilities lacks impartiality and reality as the components were severely biased and stereotypical. This study regarded all people with disabilities within the same category. Yet, taking the types and degrees of disabilities into consideration would help us better understand the process of how the people with disabilities are embodied in the media, possibly providing meaningful source of government policy and NGO’s agenda-setting. 본 연구는 장애인이 언론에 어떻게 나오는가를 새로운 스타일의 신문 기획물인 내러티브 기사를 통해 알아보고, 장애인에 대한 보도의 개선점을 찾고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 장애인 보도와 내러티브 기사에 대한 기존 논의를 검토하고, 동아일보의 ‘내러티브 리포트’ 중에서 장애인이 주인공인 기사 20편을 선별하여 인물의 특성, 이야기 전개방식, 제목과 본문의 어휘를 분석하였다. 도출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 등장하는 장애인이 남성 위주이며, 이들이 일상적인 노동이나 학업보다는 스포츠를 통해 역경을 극복한다는 점을 부각시켰다. 둘째, 장애인의 삶을 ▶예상하지 못한 장애 ▶슬픔의 시작 ▶역경의 극복이라는 정형화된 프레임으로 소개하였다. 셋째, 장애인의 모습을 보여주면서 실패보다는 성공, 절망보다는 희망과 관련된 어휘를 집중적으로 활용하였다. 이러한 특성은 장애인의 현실을 정확하게 반영하지 못한다. 본 연구는 모든 장애를 동일한 범주에 넣고 분석하였는데, 장애의 유형과 정도에 따라 분석대상과 기준을 세부적으로 정한다면 장애인이 언론에 재현되는 과정을 보다 심층적으로 파악하여 장애인에 대한 인식을 개선하려는 정부의 정책이나 장애인 단체의 활동전략을 수립하는 데 유용한 자료를 제공할 수 있다고 판단 된다.