Fibroadenoma에 대한 임상적 고찰

장일성,김지연,이희만 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

Fibroadenoma is the most common benign tumor of breast in human female between the age of 20 and 35 years. The great majority of patients should be treated by excisional biopsy to remove the tumor and establish the diagnosis. Authors have reviewed 110 case of fibroadenoma who underwent surgical operation during the period from Jaunary 1990 to Jaunary 1993 at the department of General Surgery in Chungnam National University Hospital. The circumareolar skin incision was selected if the tumor was compatible with benign fibroadenoma on the finding of preoperative mammogram and sonogram. But, the diagnosis was uncertain and the distance from the mass to nipple was over 3 cm, the skin incision was made on the just above the palpable mass. In order to minimize the seroma, hemostasis was taken completely, the use of electrocautery was restricted as possible, a close suction drain was kept to surgical dead space via the main wound by vaccum tube in case of leaving large dead space, and compressive dressing was applied on the defected wound site after the operation. The major complication after the excision of suspicious fibroadenoma was seroma, and its complication rate was about 8% (9/110 cases). But, another complication was not found. The rate of discharge at the first postoperative day was calculated to 73.2 % among the total patients and the remaining of all patients could be discharged at the second postoperative day. In conclusion, the young female who was under suspicion of fibroadenoma must be treated with excision and the excised specimen should undergo histologic examination to rule out carcinoma or to confirm the diagnosis. The associated major complications were revealed to minimal.

여성형유방(Gynecomastia)에 대한 임상적 고찰

장일성,이희만,홍은표 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

A Clinical Study was made in 94 cases of the gynecomastia at the department of General Surgery. Chungnam National University Hospital from January, 1986 to August, 1994. The results were as follows : 1) The most frequent age group in gynecomastia was sixties, 27 cases(28.7 %). 2) The most common duration from symptom onset to the first visit was within 6 months, 73 cases (77.7%). 3) The breast masses were located at the left breast in 45 cases (47.9%), at the right breast in 35 cases (37.2%), and bilateral in 14 cases (14.9%). 4) The most prominent symptom was palpable mass in 62 cases (66.0%), followed by palpable mass and pain in 30 cases(31.9%), palpable mass and nipple discharge in 2 cases(2.1%). 5) The etiology of gynecomastia was as follows : Association with other systemic diseases in 25 cases(26.5%), pubertal gynecomastia in 20 cases(21.3%), senescent gynecomastia in 17 cases(18.1%), idiopathic gynecomastia in 19 cases(20.2%), drug related gynecomastia in 12 cases(12.8%), and chromosomal abnormality in one case(1.1%). 6) The results of laboratory test were as follows : Liver function test was performed in 67 cases(71.3%), ultrasonography of liver in 26 cases(27.6%), liver scan in 10 cases(10.6%), and hormonal assay in 13 cases(13.5%). The results of liver function test were reported as abnormal in 12 cases(12.8%), the results of ultrasonography as abnormal in 8 cases(8.6%), the results of liver scan as abnormal in one case(1.1%), and the resutls of hormonal assay as normal in all cases. 7) Excision was performed in 16 cases(17.0%), pathological diagnosis of all cases were gynecomastia and one case was gynecomastia with intraductal papillomatosis.

질산매질에서 옥살산과 아스코빅산의 광분해

김응호(Eil Hee Lee),김영환(Young Hwan Kim),정동용(Dong Yong Chung),이일희(Eil Hee Lee),유재형(Jae Hyung Yoo) 大韓環境工學會 1997 대한환경공학회지 Vol.19 No.8

High-temperature Thermal Decomposition of Cs-adsorbed CHA-Cs and CHA-PCFC-Cs Zeolite System, and Sr-adsorbed 4A-Sr and BaA-Sr Zeolite System

Eil-Hee Lee,Ji-Min Kim,Hyung-Ju Kim,Ik-Soo Kim,Dong-Yong Chung,Kwang-Wook Kim,Keun-Young Lee,Bum-Kyoung Seo 한국방사성폐기물학회 2018 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 고온 열분해를 통한 Cs, Sr 등 고방사성핵종의 고정화를 위하여 각각 Cs이 흡착된 CHA (K형 Chabazite zeolite)-Cs, CHA-PCFC (potassium cobalt ferrocyanide)-Cs 및 Sr이 흡착된 4A-Sr, BaA-Sr 등의 제올라이트 계에서 TGA 및 XRD에 의한 배소 온도 변화에 따른 상변환을 고찰하였다. CHA-Cs 제올라이트 계의 경우 900℃ 까지는 CHA-Cs의 형태를 유지하고 있으며, 1,000℃에서 무정형 단계를 거친 후 1,100℃에서 pollucite (CsAlSi2O6)로 재결정 되었다. 반면에 CHA-CFC-Cs 제올라이 트 계는 700℃ 까지는 CHA-PCFC-Cs 형태를 유지하고 있으나, 900∼1,000℃ 사이에서 구조가 파괴되어 무정형으로 상변환 된 후 1,100℃에서 pollucite로 재결정 되었다. 한편 4A-Sr 제올라이트 계의 경우 700℃ 까지는 4A-Sr의 구조를 유지하고 있 으며, 800℃에서 무정형으로 상변환 된 다음 900℃에서는 Sr-feldspar (SrAl2Si2O8, hexagonal)으로, 1,100℃에서 SrAl2Si2O8 (triclinic)로 재결정 되었다. 그러나 BaA-Sr 제올라이트 계의 경우는 500℃ 이하부터 구조가 파괴되기 시작하여 500∼900℃ 에서 무정형 단계를 거친 후, 1,100℃에서 Ba/Sr-feldspar (Ba0.9Sr0.1Al2Si2O8 및 Ba0.5Sr0.5Al2Si2O8 공존)로 재결정 되었다. 상기 제올라이트 계 모두 온도 증가에 따라 탈수/(분해)→ 무정형→ 재결정의 단계를 거쳐 광물상으로 재결정 되었으며, 고온 열 분해 과정에서의 Cs 및 Sr의 휘발성, 침출성 등의 추가 연구가 요구되지만 각 제올라이트 계에 흡착된 Cs 및 Sr은 pollucite나 Sr-feldspar, Ba/Sr-feldspar 등으로 광물화 하여 Cs과 Sr을 배소체/(고화체) 내에 완전히 고정화 시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다. For the immobilization of high-radioactive nuclides such as Cs and Sr by high-temperature thermal decomposition, this study was carried out to investigate the phase transformation with calcined temperature by using TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) in the Cs-adsorbed CHA (chabazite zeolite of K type)-Cs and CHA-PCFC (potassium cobalt ferrocyanide)-Cs zeolite system, and Sr-adsorbed 4A-Sr and BaA-Sr zeolite system, respectively. In the case of CHA-Cs zeolite system, the structure of CHA-Cs remained at up to 900℃ and recrystallized to pollucite (CsAlSi2O6) at 1,100℃ after undergoing amorphous phase at 1,000℃. However, the CHA-CFC-Cs zeolite system retained the CHA-PCFC-Cs structure up to 700℃, but its structure collapsed in 900~1,000℃, and then transformed to amorphous phase, and recrystallized to pollucite at 1,100℃. In the case of 4A-Sr zeolite system, on the other hand, the structure of 4A-Sr maintained up to 700℃ and its phase transformed to amorphous at 800℃, and recrystallized to Sr-feldspar (SrAl2Si2O8, hexagonal) at 900℃ and to SrAl2Si2O8 (triclinic) at 1,100℃. However, the BaA-Sr zeolite system structure began to break down at below 500℃, and then transformed to amorphous phase in 500~900℃ and recrystallized to Ba/Sr-feldspar (coexistence of Ba0.9Sr0.1Al2Si2O8 and Ba0.5Sr0.5Al2Si2O8) at 1,100℃. All of the above zeolite systems recrystallized to mineral phase through the dehydration/(decomposition)→ amorphous → recrystallization with increasing temperature. Although further study of the volatility and leachability of Cs and Sr in the high-temperature thermal decomposition process is required, Cs and Sr adsorbed in each zeolite system are mineralized as pollucite, Sr-feldspar and Ba/Sr-feldspar. Therefore, Cs and Sr seen to be able to completely immobilize in the calcining wasteform/(solidified wasteform).

Selective Separation of Actinide(III) by a nPr-BIP/introbezene Extraction System

Eil-Hee Lee,Jae-Kwan Lim,Dong-Yong Chung,Han-Beom Yang,Kwang-Wook Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2008 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구는 nPr-BTP/nitrobenzene 추출 계에 의한 악티나이드(III)의 선택적 분리로, 우선 자연친화적 CHN 형 의 nPr-BTP (2.6-Bis-(5.6-n-propyl-1.2.4-triazin-3-yl)-pyridine)를 합성하고, 이의 희석제에 대한 용해성 및 질산에 대한 안정성 등을 평가하였다. 악티나이드(III)의 대표원소로는 Am을 선정하였으며, 0.1M nPr-BTP/nitrobenzene-1M , O/A=2의 조건에서 Am은 약 85%, RE 원소는 Eu가 8%, 기타 Nd, Ce, Y 등은 3% 이하가 추출되어 (이때 Am/Eu의 상호분리 계수 약 60정도) 악티나이드(III)의 선택적 추출에는 별 문제가 없을 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 Am의 역추출의 경우 0.05M 질산용액으로 O/A=1 에서 약43%가 역추출 되었으며, O/A=0.3에서도 65% 정도만이 역추출 되어 질산 이외의 다른 역추출제의 개발이 요구되고 있다. A selective separation of Actirlide(III) by a nPr-BTP/nitrobezene extraction system was studied. The nPr-BTP (2.6-Bis-(5.6-n-propyl-1.2.4-triazin-3-yl)-pyridine) of a environmentally -friendly CHN type was self-synthesized and its compatability with diluent and stability with nitric acid were investigated. At the 0.1M nPr-BTP/nitrobenzene-1M and O/A=2, extraction yields of Am used as a representative of Actinide(III) and Eu were about 85% and 8%, respectively, and the other RE elements such as Nd, Ce and Y were extracted less than 3% (separation factor of Am and Eu was about 60). Thus, there was no problems in the selective extraction of Actinide(III) from RE. The stripping yield of Am with 0.05M at O/A= 1, however, was about 43% and the maximum stripping yield was 65% at O/A=0.3. It is necessary to develop the stripping system including the stripping agent instead of nitric acid solution.

CO-SEPARATION OF Am AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS FROM A HIGHLY ACIDIC RADWASTE SOLUTION BY A SOLVENT EXTRACTION WITH (DIMETHYLDIBUTYL TETRADECYLMALONAMIDE-DIHEXYLOCTANAMIDE)/NDODECANE

EIL-HEE LEE,JAE-GWAN LIM,DONG-YONG CHUNG,유재형,김광욱 한국원자력학회 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the high-acidity co-separation of Am and RE from a simulated radwaste solution by a solvent extraction using a mixture of Dimethyldibutyltetradecylmalonamide (DMDBTDMA, as an extractant) and dihexyl octanamide (DHOA, as a phase modifier) diluted with n-dodecane (NDD). All the experiments were conducted as a batch type. First, the environmentally friendly DMDBTDMA and DHOA composed of only CHON atoms were self-synthesized. Then, the conditions for the prevention of a third phase, generated in the organic phase were examined. In addition, the effects of the concentration of nitric acid, DHOA, oxalic acid and H₂O₂ on the co-extraction of Am and RE were elucidated. Consequently, the optimum condition of (0.5M DMDBTDMA+0.5M DHOA)/NDD-0.3M C₂H₂O₄-4.5M HNO₃ and O/A=2 was obtained through experimental work. Under this condition, the extraction yields were found to be about 80% for Am, more than 70% for RE such as La, Eu, Nd, Ce, etc., 3% for Cs and Sr, 69% for Fe and less than 11% for Mo and Ru. For the co-extraction of Am and RE, Fe should be removed in advance or prevented from a co-extraction with Am by controlling the different extraction rates of Am and Fe. About 95% of the Am and RE in the organic phase were stripped using a 0.5M HNO₃.

CO-SEPARATION OF Am AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS FROM A HIGHLY ACIDIC RADWASTE SOLUTION BY A SOLVENT EXTRACTION WITH (DIMETHYLDIBUTYL TETRADECYLMALONAMIDE-DIHEXYLOCTANAMIDE)/N-DODECANE

Lee, Eil-Hee,Lim, Jae-Gwan,Chung, Dong-Yong,Yoo, Jae-Hyung,Kim, kwang-Wook Korean Nuclear Society 2009 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.41 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the high-acidity co-separation of Am and RE from a simulated radwaste solution by a solvent extraction using a mixture of Dimethyldibutyltetradecylmalonamide (DMDBTDMA, as an extractant) and dihexyl octanamide (DHOA, as a phase modifier) diluted with n-dodecane (NDD). All the experiments were conducted as a batch type. First, the environmentally friendly DMDBTDMA and DHOA composed of only CHON atoms were self-synthesized. Then, the conditions for the prevention of a third phase, generated in the organic phase were examined. In addition, the effects of the concentration of nitric acid, DHOA, oxalic acid and $H_2O_2$ on the co-extraction of Am and RE were elucidated. Consequently, the optimum condition of (0.5M DMDBTDMA+0.5M DHOA)/NDD-0.3M $C_2H_2O_4-4.5M$ $HNO_3$ and O/A=2 was obtained through experimental work. Under this condition, the extraction yields were found to be about 80% for Am, more than 70% for RE such as La, Eu, Nd, Ce, etc., 3% for Cs and Sr, 69% for Fe and less than 11% for Mo and Ru. For the co-extraction of Am and RE, Fe should be removed in advance or prevented from a co-extraction with Am by controlling the different extraction rates of Am and Fe. About 95% of the Am and RE in the organic phase were stripped using a 0.5M $HNO_3$.

Removal of Uranium by an Alkalization and an Acidification from the Thermal Decomposed Solid Waste of Uranium-bearing Sludge

Eil-Hee Lee,Han-Beom Yang,Keun-Young Lee,Kwang-Wook Kim,Dong-Yong Chung,Jei-Kwon Moon 한국방사성폐기물학회 2013 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 우라늄 변환시설 운전 중에 발생된 우라늄 함유 슬러지를 가열 처리하여 분말 형태로 저장 중인 우 라늄 함유 슬러지의 열분해 고체폐기물 (Thermal Decomposed Solid Waste of uranium-bearing sludge : TDSW)을 대상으로 TDSW의 용해, TDSW 질산 용해액의 알카리화에 의한 불순물 제거 및 탄산염 알카리화 용 액의 산성화에 의한 U 선택적 제거/회수 특성 등을 규명하였다. TDSW의 용해는 질산용해가 탄산염 산화용해 보다 효과적이었다. 1M 질산에서 TDSW의 약 30wt%가 고체 잔류물로 불용해되었고, TDSW 내 함유 U은 99% 이상이 용해되었다. TDSW의 질산 용해액의 알카리화는 탄산염에 의한 알카리화가 불순물 제거 측면에서 보 다 효과적이며, 탄산염 알카리화 (pH 약 9)에서 U과 공용해된 Ca, Al, Zn 및 Fe 등의 98±1%가 제거되었다. 그 리고 불순물이 거의 제거된 알카리화 용액 (0.5 M H2O2 첨가)의 산성화 (pH 약 3) 에서 U의 99% 이상을 회수 할 수 있어 TDSW로부터 U을 선택적으로 제거/회수할 수 있었다.

Selective removal of Cs and Re by precipitation in a Na2CO3-H2O2 solution

Lee, Eil-Hee,Lim, Jae-Gwan,Chung, Dong-Yong,Yang, Han-Beom,Kim, Kwang-Wook Springer-Verlag 2010 JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Vol.284 No.2

Thermal Decomposition of Chabazite-Cs and Chabazite-PCFC-Cs Zeolite

Eil-Hee Lee,Ji-Min Kim,Maeng-Kyo Oh,Min-Jeong Kim,Keun-Young Lee,Kwang-Wook Kim,Hyung-Ju Kim,Ik-Soo Kim,Dong-Yong Chung,Jei-Kwon Moon,Jong-Won Choi 한국방사성폐기물학회 2017 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2017 No.05