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Effects of Deep Seawater on the Growth of a Green Alga, Ulva sp.(Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Matsuyama, Kazuyo,Serisawa, Yukihiko,Nakashima, Toshimitsu The Korean Society of Phycology 2003 ALGAE Vol.18 No.2
In order to examine the effects of deep seawater (mesopelagic water in the broad sense) on the growth of macroalgae, the growth and nutrient uptake (nitrate and phosphate) of Ulva sp. (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) were investigated by cultivation in deep seawater (taken from 687 m depth at Yaizu, central Japan, in August 2001), surface seawater (taken from 24 m depth), and a combination of the two. Culture experiments were carried out in a continuous water supply system and an intermittent water supply system, in which aerated 500-mL flasks with 4 discs of Ulva sp. (cut sections of ca. 2 $cm_2$) were cultured at 20$^{\circ}C$ water temperature, 100 $\mu$mol photons $m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ light intensity, and a 14:10 light:dark cycle. Nutrient uptake by Ulva sp. was high in all seawater media in both culture systems. The frond area, dry weight, chlorophyll a content, dry weight per unit area, and chlorophyll a content per unit area of Ulva sp. at the end of the experimental period were the highest in deep seawater and the lowest in surface seawater in both culture systems. These values, except for dry weight per unit area and chlorophyll a content per unit area, for each seawater media in the intermittent water supply system were higher than those in the continuous water supply system. We conclude that not only deep seawater as the culture medium but also the seawater supply system is important for effective cultivation of macroalgae.
Seok Jin Oh,윤양호,Tamiji Yamamoto,Yukihiko Matsuyama 한국해양과학기술원 2005 Ocean science journal Vol.40 No.4
We investigated the seasonal variability of free alkaline phosphatase activity in seawater and alkaline phosphatase hydrolysable phosphorus (APHP) at 3 stations in Hiroshima Bay using alkaline phosphatase extracted from the dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense and Gymnodinium catenatum. The dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was lower than 1 mM in all samples; the lowest values were in May. The amount of APHP was high at the surface and bottom waters of all stations in May, showing DIP-depleted conditions. In August and November, the amount of APHP was much less than the amount of APHP in May, indicating that the availability of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) for these species was low and/or uptake during the dinoflagellate blooming might have occurred in the area. The results obtained from short-term variations of AP activity might suggest that the growth of dinoflagellates in this season may be partly supported by the AP produced by other diatoms.
Oh, Seok-Jin,Yoon, Yang-Ho,Yamamoto, Tamiji,Matsuyama, Yukihiko The Korean Society of Oceanography 2005 Ocean science journal Vol.40 No.4
We investigated the seasonal variability of tree alkaline phosphatase activity in seawater and alkaline phosphatase hydrolysable phosphorus (APHP) at 3 stations in Hiroshima Bay using alkaline phosphatase extracted from the dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense and Gymnodinium catenatum. The dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) was lower than $1\;{\mu}M$ all samples; the lowest values were in May. The amount of APHP was high at the surface and bottom waters of all stations in May, showing DIP-depleted conditions. In August and November, the amount of APHP was much less than the amount of APHP in May, indicating that the availability of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) for these species was low and/or uptake during the dinoflagellate blooming might have occurred in the area. The results obtained from short-term variations of AP activity might suggest that the growth of dinoflagellates in this season may be partly supported by the AP produced by other diatoms.
Zou, Yanan,Kim, Daekyung,Yagi, Motoaki,Yamasaki, Yasuhiro,Kurita, Jun,Iida, Takaji,Matsuyama, Yukihiko,Yamaguchi, Kenichi,Oda, Tatsuya Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2013 Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry Vol.77 No.2
<P>Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-release assay was applied to estimate the toxic potential of harmful algal species at the cellular level. African green monkey kidney (Vero), yellowtail fin epithelia (MJF), and rainbow trout gill (RTgill-W1) cells were used as target cells. A live cell suspension of Karenia mikimotoi (SUO-1) induced the release of LDH from these cell lines, while the activity of another strain, FUK, was much lower. The cell-free culture supernatants and ruptured cell suspensions of both strains of K. mikimotoi were less effective on LDH-release assay. Exposure experiments against abalone and shrimp revealed that SUO-1 showed much stronger lethal effects on these organisms than FUK. Among six phytoplankton species, three species known to be harmful algal species induced the release of LDH to different extents depending on the cell line, whereas the other three species, known to be non-toxic, showed no effects on any cell lines. These results suggest that LDH-release assay is a useful micro-plate assay for estimation of the toxic potential of harmful phytoplankton.</P>
KIM, Daekyung,YAMASAKI, Yasuhiro,YAMATOGI, Toshifumi,YAMAGUCHI, Kenichi,MATSUYAMA, Yukihiko,KANG, Yang-Soon,LEE, Yoon,ODA, Tatsuya Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2009 Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry Vol.73 No.3
<P>To elucidate the ichthyotoxic mechanism of the harmful dinoflagellate <I>Cochlodinium polykrikoides</I>, a bioassay using damselfish was conducted. After exposure to a live-cell suspension of <I>C. polykrikoides</I>, all the fish were died within 90 min. In the presence of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), no significant reduction in the toxicity of <I>C. polykrikoides</I> on the fish was observed. Furthermore, no significant levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected in five strains of <I>C. polykrikoides</I> isolated in Japan. Our results support the idea that certain toxic substances, rather than ROS, are mainly responsible for the fish-killing activity of <I>C. polykrikoides</I>.</P>
KIM, Daekyung,CHOI, Kwang-Sik,HONG, Hyun-Ki,JIANG, Zedong,ZOU, Yanan,CHOI, Kyu-Sung,YAMASAKI, Yasuhiro,MATSUYAMA, Yukihiko,YAMAGUCHI, Kenichi,ODA, Tatsuya Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and A 2011 Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry Vol.75 No.10
<P><I>Heterocapsa circularisquama</I> showed much higher toxic effects on short-necked clams than <I>Chattonella marina</I>. Clams exposed to <I>H. circularisquama</I> exhibited morphological changes concomitant with an accumulation of mucus-like substances in the gills, a profound reduction in filtration activity, and lysosomal destabilization in hemocytes. <I>Chattonella marina</I> was less effective than <I>H. circularisquama</I>, and <I>Heterocapsa triquetra</I> was almost harmless in all these criteria. These results suggest that <I>H. circularisquama</I> exerted its lethal effect on short-necked clams through gill tissue damage and subsequent induction of physiological stress.</P>