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Defining Peace: Peace vs. Security
( Xue Tong Yan ) 한국국방연구원 2004 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.16 No.1
One of the most popular beliefs in the modern world is that peace means security. Meanwhile many wars have been fought for the sake of security at the price of peace. The article argues that the state of security differs in terms of the degree of security. Peace is only one state of security, along with the other two states of security: war and neither-peace-nor-war. Peace comprises four degrees of security: no security, partial security, fair security and absolute security. These inherent characteristics of peace, explain why people substitute peace for war. As a social phenomenon, peace shares some common characteristics with war. Peace is an objective sought by man as well as a means used by man. Therefore, the justice of peace is determined by human concepts rather than by peace per se. These social characteristics of peace explain why peace has no superior justice over war. In terms of the social qualities of peace, it is clear that peace is an objective that people hope to achieve, but it is not the highest one for national security. Therefore, we should not confuse "peace" with "security." Peace is one way to resolve conflict but not necessarily the most efficient way. Accordingly, we should take care not to regard "maintaining peace" as the essential approach to strengthening national security. Peace as a criterion for justice is true only in some situations; peace achieved through power politics is an injustice.
ON THE RECURSIVE SEQUENCE X_{n+1} = $\alpha$ - (X_n/X_n-1)
YAN, XING XUE,LI, WAN TONG,ZHAO, ZHU 한국전산응용수학회 2005 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.17 No.1
We study the global asymptotic stability, global attractivity, boundedness character, and periodic nature of all positive solutions and all negative solutions of the difference equation $$x_{n+1}\;=\;{\alpha}-{\frac{x_{n-1}}{x_{n}},\;n=0,1,\;{\cdots}$$, where ${\alpha}\;\in\; R$ is a real number, and the initial conditions $x_{-1},\;x_0$ are arbitrary real numbers.
On the recursive sequence$x_{n+1}=\alpha-(x_n/x_{n-1})$
Xing-Xue Yan,Wan-Tong Li,Zhu Zhao 한국전산응용수학회 2005 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.17 No.1-2
We study the global asymptotic stability, global attractivity, boundedness character, and periodic nature of all positive solutions and all negative solutions of the difference equation xn+1 = − xn xn−1 , n = 0, 1, · · · , where 2 R is a real number, and the initial conditions x−1, x0 are arbitrary real numbers
Prognostic Role of MicroRNA-21 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Meta-analysis
Ma, Xue-Lei,Liu, Lei,Liu, Xiao-Xiao,Li, Yun,Deng, Lei,Xiao, Zhi-Lan,Liu, Yan-Tong,Shi, Hua-Shan,Wei, Yu-Quan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5
Introduction: Many studies have reported that microRNA-21 (miR-21) mihght predict the survival outcome in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) but the opposite opinion has also been expressed. The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence for a prognostic role of miR-21. Materials and Methods: All the eligible studies was searched by Medline and EMBASE and patients' clinical characteristics and survival outcome were extracted. Then a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic role of the miR-21 expression in different subgroups. Results: A total of 8 eligible articles were yielded covering survival outcomes or clinical characteristics. The combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for overall survival (OS) was 2.19 [0.76, 6.30], while the combined HR (95% CI) of Asian group for OS had a significant result, 5.49 [2.46, 12.27]. The combined HR (95% CI) for recurrence free survival or disease free survival (RFS/DFS) was 2.31 [1.52, 3.49]. Odds ratios (ORs) showed that the miR-21 expression was associated with lymph node status and histological type. Conclusion: miR-21 expression could predict the prognostic outcome of NSCLC in Asians, despite some deficiencies in the study data.
Huan huan Yan,Yi tong Shang,Li hong Wang,Xue qin Tian,Van-Tuan Tran,Li hua Yao,Bin Zeng,Zhi hong Hu The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2024 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.34 No.5
Cordyceps militaris is a significant edible fungus that produces a variety of bioactive compounds. We have previously established a uridine/uracil auxotrophic mutant and a corresponding Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) system for genetic characterization in C. militaris using pyrG as a screening marker. In this study, we constructed an ATMT system based on a dual pyrG and hisB auxotrophic mutant of C. militaris. Using the uridine/uracil auxotrophic mutant as the background and pyrG as a selection marker, the hisB gene encoding imidazole glycerophosphate dehydratase, required for histidine biosynthesis, was knocked out by homologous recombination to construct a histidine auxotrophic C. militaris mutant. Then, pyrG in the histidine auxotrophic mutant was deleted to construct a ΔpyrG ΔhisB dual auxotrophic mutant. Further, we established an ATMT transformation system based on the dual auxotrophic C. militaris by using GFP and DsRed as reporter genes. Finally, to demonstrate the application of this dual transformation system for studies of gene function, knock out and complementation of the photoreceptor gene CmWC-1 in the dual auxotrophic C. militaris were performed. The newly constructed ATMT system with histidine and uridine/uracil auxotrophic markers provides a promising tool for genetic modifications in the medicinal fungus C. militaris.
Yun-Ru Chen,Ruo-Tong Zhao,Yi-Fang Xu,Yin-Jie Ma,Shao-Bo Hu,Xue-Hui Wang,Bing-Bing Fan,Yan-Ji Zhou,Yu-Bei Huang,Nicola Robinson,Jian-ping Liu,Zhao-Lan Liu 한국한의학연구원 2023 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.12 No.4
Background: Advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) is a fatal disease with limited treatment options. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) as adjuvants for radiotherapy (RT) in APC and compare their treatment potentials using network meta-analysis. Methods: We systematically searched three English and four Chinese databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to July 25, 2023. The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary outcomes included Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score, overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs). The treatment potentials of different CHIs were ranked using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). The Cochrane RoB 2 tool and CINeMA were used for quality assessment and evidence grading. Results: Eighteen RCTs involving 1199 patients were included. Five CHIs were evaluated. Compound Kushen injection (CKI) combined with RT significantly improved ORR compared to RT alone (RR 1.49, 95 % CrI 1.21–1.86). Kanglaite (KLT) plus RT (RR 1.58, 95 % CrI 1.20–2.16) and CKI plus RT (RR 1.49, 95 % CrI 1.16–1.95) were associated with improved KPS score compared to radiation monotherapy, with KLT+RT being the highest rank (SUCRA 72.28 %). Regarding AEs, CKI plus RT was the most favorable in reducing the incidence of leukopenia (SUCRA 90.37 %) and nausea/vomiting (SUCRA 85.79 %). Conclusions: CKI may be the optimal choice of CHIs to combine with RT for APC as it may improve clinical response, quality of life, and reduce AEs. High-quality trials are necessary to establish a robust body of evidence. Protocol registration: PROSPERO, CRD42023396828.
Hai-Xia Li,Yan Ma,Yu-Xiao Yan,Xin-Ke Zhai,Meng-Yu Xin,Tian Wang,Dong-Cao Xu,Yu-Tong Song,Chun-Dong Song,Cheng-Xue Pan 고려인삼학회 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.6
Background: Caveolin-1, the scaffolding protein of cholesterol-rich invaginations, plays an important rolein store-operated Ca2þ influx and its phosphorylation at Tyr14 (p-caveolin-1) is vital to mobilize protectionagainst myocardial ischemia (MI) injury. SOCE, comprising STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1, contributesto intracellular Ca2þ ([Ca2þ]i) accumulation in cardiomyocytes. The purified extract of steamed Panaxginseng (EPG) attenuated [Ca2þ]i overload against MI injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigatethe possibility of EPG affecting p-caveolin-1 to further mediate SOCE/[Ca2þ]i against MI injury in neonatalrat cardiomyocytes and a rat model. Methods: PP2, an inhibitor of p-caveolin-1, was used. Cell viability, [Ca2þ]i concentration were analyzedin cardiomyocytes. In rats, myocardial infarct size, pathological damages, apoptosis and cardiac fibrosiswere evaluated, p-caveolin-1 and STIM1 were detected by immunofluorescence, and the levels ofcaveolin-1, STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. And, release of LDH,cTnI and BNP was measured. Results: EPG, ginsenosides accounting for 57.96%, suppressed release of LDH, cTnI and BNP, and protectedcardiomyocytes by inhibiting Ca2þ influx. And, EPG significantly relieved myocardial infarct size, cardiacapoptosis, fibrosis, and ultrastructure abnormality. Moreover, EPG negatively regulated SOCE viaincreasing p-caveolin-1 protein, decreasing ORAI1 mRNA and protein levels of ORAI1, TRPC1 and STIM1. More importantly, inhibition of the p-caveolin-1 significantly suppressed all of the above cardioprotectionof EPG. Conclusions: Caveolin-1 phosphorylation is involved in the protective effects of EPG against MI injury viaincreasing p-caveolin-1 to negatively regulate SOCE/[Ca2þ]i.
Prognostic Significance of Hes-1, a Downstream Target of Notch Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Zou, Jing-Huai,Xue, Tong-Chun,Sun, Chun,Li, Yan,Liu, Bin-Bin,Sun, Rui-Xia,Chen, Jie,Ren, Zheng-Gang,Ye, Sheng-Long Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9
Background: Hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes-1) protein is a downstream target of Notch signaling and is a basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor. However, definitive evidence for a role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells has not been reported. Here, Hes-1 was revealed to an important component of the Notch signaling cascade in HCC cell lines possessing different potential for lung metastasis. Materials and Methods: RNAi mediated by plasmid constructs was used to analyze the role of Hes-1 in MHCC-97L HCC cells by assessing proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration and matrigel invasion following transfection. Hes-1 protein expression analysis in HCC tissue was also conducted by immunohistochemistry. Results: Our studies revealed that Hes-1 was decreased in HCC cell lines with higher lung metastasis potential at both the mRNA and protein levels. Down-regulation of the Hes-1 gene in MHCC-97L cells resulted in increased cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis and increased migration and invasion. Conclusions: Hes-1 has potential prognostic value in post-surgical HCC patients and may be an independent prognostic indicator for overall survival and tumor recurrence. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms by which Hes-1 participates in tumor proliferation and invasion.