Skeletal structure of asymmetric mandibular prognathism and retrognathism

Tong Xi,Shankeeth Vinayahalingam,Stefaan Bergé,Thomas Maal,Tae-Geon Kwon 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2023 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.45 No.-

Background This study aimed to compare the skeletal structures between mandibular prognathism and retrognathism among patients with facial asymmetry. Results Patients who had mandibular asymmetry with retrognathism (Group A) in The Netherlands were compared with those with deviated mandibular prognathism (Group B) in Korea. All the data were obtained from 3D-reformatted cone-beam computed tomography images from each institute. The right and left condylar heads were located more posteriorly, inferiorly, and medially in Group B than in Group A. The deviated side of Group A and the contralateral side of Group B showed similar condylar width and height, ramus-proper height, and ramus height. Interestingly, there were no inter-group differences in the ramus-proper heights. Asymmetric mandibular body length was the most significantly correlated with chin asymmetry in retrognathic asymmetry patients whereas asymmetric elongation of condylar process was the most important factor for chin asymmetry in deviated mandibular prognathism. Conclusion Considering the 3D positional difference of gonion and large individual variations of frontal ramal inclination, significant structural deformation in deviated mandibular prognathism need to be considered in asymmetric prognathism patients. Therefore, Individually planned surgical procedures that also correct the malpositioning of the mandibular ramus are recommended especially in patients with asymmetric prognathism.

Dissemination of antimicrobial resistant strains of <i>Campylobacter coli</i> and <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> among cattle in Washington State and California

Bae, Wonki,Hancock, Dale D.,Call, Douglas R.,Park, Yong Ho,Berge, Anna Catharina B.,Finger, Regina M.,Sischo, William M.,Besser, Thomas E. Elsevier 2007 Veterinary microbiology Vol.122 No.3-4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic similarity of <I>Campylobacter jejuni</I> and <I>Campylobacter coli</I> with similar antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, isolated from cattle on different farms and at different times, in order to evaluate the possible existence of disseminated antimicrobial resistant clones. PFGE after <I>Sma</I>I and <I>Kpn</I>I restriction identified 23 and 16 distinct PFGE patterns among 29 <I>C. jejuni</I> and 66 <I>C. coli</I> isolates, respectively. In <I>C. coli</I>, 51 (77%) of the resistant isolates demonstrated one of the four indistinguishable PFGE patterns, whereas only 24% doxycycline resistant <I>C. jejuni</I> shared one of the two indistinguishable PFGE patterns. The genetic mechanisms of resistance were homogeneous within and between these clonal types. Genetically indistinguishable (clonal) groups of <I>C. coli</I> accounted for most <I>Campylobacter</I> sp. with multiple antimicrobial resistance observed in this study, consistent with a role for clonal dissemination in the epidemiology of resistance in this species.</P>

Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir DF (TDF) in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients (CHB) with Lamivudine Resistance (LAM-R): 5-year Results

( Florence Wong ),( Scott Fung ),( Hie-won Hann ),( Magdy Elkhashab ),( Thomas Berg ),( Milotka J. Fabri ),( Andrzej Horban ),( Mijomir Pelemis ),( Ioan Sporea ),( John F. Flaherty ),( Benedetta Masse 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: In CHB patients with LAM-R, TDF has shown efficacy comparableto FTC/TDF and no detectable TDF resistance at 2 years. The final5 year efficacy and safety results from this trial are presented.Methods: CHB patients on LAM with HBV DNA >3 log10 IU/mL andwith documented LAM-R were randomized (1:1) to TDF or FTC/TDFand followed for 5 years.Results: Two hundred eighty patients were randomized; 232 (83%)completed 5 years of treatment. At baseline, mean age was 47 years,most were male (75%) and non-Asian (66%); 53% were HBeAgnegative. Mean HBV DNA was 5.7 log10 IU/mL and 42% had ALT≤ULN at baseline. At Year 5, virologic, serologic, and biochemicalresponses were similar among groups, and remained stable. Ninepatients (4-TDF, 5-FTC/TDF) discontinued due to an adverse event,including increased serum creatinine in 1 patient. For both groupscombined, confirmed renal safety endpoints over 5 years were: CrCL<50 mL/min in 19 (6.8%) patients (12 requiring dose modification),increases in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 and ≥0.5 mg/dL from baselinein 21 (7.5%) and 2 (0.7%) patients, respectively, and serum phosphorus<2 mg/dL in 3 (1.1%) patients. Mean declines in BMD (g/cm2)from baseline for hip and spine BMD, respectively, were 1.7% and1.5% at Year 2, and 2.5%, and 1% at Year 5. Seven patientsexperienced fracture (all except 1 were trauma-related). No TDF resistancewas detected through 5 years by population sequencing.Conclusions: In LAM R patients with CHB treated for 5 years withTDF, a high rate of HBV DNA suppression was achieved and maintainedwith no detectable TDF resistance. There is no apparent ad advantageof combination FTC/TDF in this population. Renal eventsassociated with TDF occurred in up to 7.5% of patients, and averagelosses in bone mineral density of 1 2.5% were observed.

An Integrated Analysis of the Efficacy of Glecaparevir/ Pibrentasvir by Geographical Region

( Edward Gane ),( Kazuaki Chayama ),( Mudra Kapoor ),( Stuart K Roberts ),( Jeong Heo ),( Jia-horng Kao ),( Thomas Berg ),( Philippe J Zamor ),( Brian Conway ),( James Park ),( Sandra S Lovell ),( Rak 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: The pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimen glecaprevir (developed by AbbVie and Enanta) coformulated with pibrentasvir (G/P) is approved in the US, EU, and Japan to treat chronic HCV genotype (GT) 1-6 infection. In the US and EU, G/P is indicated for treatment-naïve, HCV genotype (GT) 1-6-infected patients without and with compensated cirrhosis for 8-week and 12-week treatment durations, respectively, and achieved SVR12 rates ≥95% across all six major GTs. In clinical studies, G/P exposures were similar across ethnicities; an integrated analysis of the efficacy of G/P by geographical region was conducted to assess the impact of geography and ethnicity on SVR12. Methods: Data were pooled from 9 phase 2 and 3 clinical studies; data from 2 additional phase 3 clinical studies conducted in Japan were pooled separately. Patients had HCV GT1-6 infection with or without compensated cirrhosis and were either HCV treatment-naïve or experienced with interferon (IFN) or pegIFN with or without ribavirin (RBV), sofosbuvir and RBV with or without pegIFN, or NS5A- and/or protease inhibitor-containing regimens. G/P (300 mg/120 mg) was orally dosed once-daily for 8, 12, or 16 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint in all studies was SVR12. Safety and tolerability were assessed in all patients. Data from all 11 studies will be pooled for presentation. Results: In total, 2369 patients were included in the integrated analysis: 964 (41%) were enrolled in North America, 891 (38%) in Europe, and 514 (22%) enrolled and pooled from Taiwan, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Israel, and South Africa; 332 additional patients were enrolled in Japan. The SVR12 results by region were 97% (935/964; 95% CI 95.9-98.1), 98% (876/891; 95% CI 97.5-99.1), and 96% (496/514; 95% CI 94.9-98.1) for patients enrolled in North America, Europe, and the other pooled countries, respectively. Patients enrolled in Japan achieved a 98% (325/332; 95% CI 95.7-99.0) SVR12 rate. Less than 1% of all patients had virologic failure. G/P was well-tolerated with a favorable safety profile; treatment discontinuations due to adverse events and cases of drug-induced liver injury were rare (<1%). Conclusions: G/P efficacy, safety and tolerability were consistently favorable regardless of baseline characteristics, suggesting that recently updated HCV treatment guidelines for the use of G/P in clinical practice can be applied to all ethnicities and geographical regions, without need for modification.