RESEARCH : Open Access ; Multifarious activities of cellulose degrading bacteria from Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) faeces

( Surender Singh ),( Palanisami Thavamani ),( Mallavarapu Megharaj ),( Ravi Naidu ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.23

Cellulose degrading bacteria from koala faeces were isolated using caboxymethylcellulose-Congo red agar, screened in vitro for different hydrolytic enzyme activities and phylogenetically characterized using molecular tools. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most prominent bacteria from koala faeces. The isolates demonstrated good xylanase, amylase, lipase, protease, tannase and lignin peroxidase activities apart from endoglucanase activity. Furthermore many isolates grew in the presence of phenanthrene, indicating their probable application for bioremediation. Potential isolates can be exploited further for industrial enzyme production or in bioremediation of contaminated sites.

Multifarious activities of cellulose degrading bacteria from Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) faeces

Singh, Surender,Thavamani, Palanisami,Megharaj, Mallavarapu,Naidu, Ravi Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.7

Cellulose degrading bacteria from koala faeces were isolated using caboxymethylcellulose-Congo red agar, screened in vitro for different hydrolytic enzyme activities and phylogenetically characterized using molecular tools. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most prominent bacteria from koala faeces. The isolates demonstrated good xylanase, amylase, lipase, protease, tannase and lignin peroxidase activities apart from endoglucanase activity. Furthermore many isolates grew in the presence of phenanthrene, indicating their probable application for bioremediation. Potential isolates can be exploited further for industrial enzyme production or in bioremediation of contaminated sites.

Performance of bricks and brick masonry prism made using coal fly ash and coal bottom ash

Verma, Surender K.,Ashish, Deepankar K.,Singh, Joginder Techno-Press 2016 Advances in concrete construction Vol.4 No.4

The major problem of a coal combustion-based power plant is that it creates large quantity of solid wastes. So, to achieve the gainful use of waste materials and to avoid other environmental problems, this study was undertaken. The quantity of coal ash by-products, particularly coal fly ash and coal bottom ash has been increasing from the coal power plants around the world. The other objective of this study was to explore the possibility of utilization of coal ash in the production of ash bricks. In 15 different mixes, Mix Designation M-1 to M-15, the varying percentages of lime and gypsum were used and sand was replaced with coal bottom ash. Further, it has been noticed that the water absorption and compressive strength of mix M-15 is 13.36% and 7.85 MPa which is better than the conventional bricks. The test results of this investigation show that the prism strength of coal ash masonry prisms was more than that of the conventional bricks.

Recent Advancements in Additive Manufacturing (AM) Techniques: A Forward-Looking Review

Netrapal Singh,Hafsa Siddiqui,Bhavani Srinivas Rao Koyalada,Ajay Mandal,Viplov Chauhan,Sathish Natarajan,Satendra Kumar,Manoj Goswami,Surender Kumar 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.8

We witness noteworthy developments in multifunctional materials progress through additive manufacturing techniques,enhanced by the revolution of Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things. Still, in specific circumstances, the performance of usedmaterials is sometimes limited. Among the various existing techniques, the additive manufacturing (AM) process has gainedmuch popularity over the last two decades and is one of the most revolutionary manufacturing techniques. In this comprehensivereview, we have addressed the fundamentals of various Additive Manufacturing processes, including binder jetting,fused deposition modelling, Stereolithography, selective laser sintering/melting, direct energy deposition. Furthermore, recentadvancements and emerging new technology in AM domain named electrochemical additive manufacturing is highlightedin this review as a major part. These processes’ capabilities, advantages, limitations, and applications are also discussed. Inthe concluding sections of this work, future trends are offered and discussed.

Extracellular Novel Metalloprotease from Xenorhabdus indica and Its Potential as an Insecticidal Agent

( Kumar Pranaw ),( Surender Singh ),( Debjani Dutta ),( Nirpendra Singh ),( Garima Sharma ),( Sudershan Ganguly ),( Vinay Kalia ),( Lata Nain ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.11

Proteases produced by Xenorhabdus are known to play a significant role in virulence leading to insect mortality. The present study was undertaken to purify and characterize protease from Xenorhabdus indica, an endosymbiont of nematode Steinernema thermophilum, and to decipher its role in insect mortality and its efficacy to control Helicoverpa armigera. A set of 10 strains of Xenorhabdus isolated from different regions of India were screened for protease activity on the basis of zone of clearing on gelatin agar plates. One potent strain of Xenorhabdus indica was selected for the production of protease, and the highest production (1,552 U/ml) was observed at 15-18 h of incubation at 28oC in soya casein digest broth. The extracellular protease was purified from culture supernatant using ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme was further characterized by SDS-PAGE and zymography, which confirmed the purity of the protein and its molecular mass was found to be ~52 kDa. Further MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis and effect of metal chelating agent 1,10-phenanthrolin study revealed the nature of the purified protease as a secreted alkaline metalloprotease. The bioefficacy of the purified protease was also tested against cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and resulted in 67.9 ± 0.64% mortality within one week. This purified protease has the potential to be developed as a natural insecticidal agent against a broad range of agriculturally important insects.

Strength and durability characteristics of bricks made using coal bottom and coal fly ash

Ashish, Deepankar Kumar,Verma, Surender Kumar,Singh, Joginder,Sharma, Namesh Techno-Press 2018 Advances in concrete construction Vol.6 No.4

The study evaluates properties of brick having coal ash and explores the possibility of utilization of coal bottom ash and coal fly ash as an alternative raw material in the production of coal ash bricks. Lower cement content was used in the investigations to attain appropriate strength and prohibit high carbon content that is cause of environmental pollution. The samples use up to 7% of cement whereas sand was replaced with bottom ash. Bricks were tested for compressive strength, modulus of rupture, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), water absorption and durability. The results showed mix proportions of bottom ash, fly ash and cement as 1:1:0.15 i.e., M-15 achieved optimum values. The coal ash bricks were well bonded with mortar and could be feasible alternative to conventional bricks thus can contribute towards sustainable development.

Pristine graphene-ink for 3D-printed flexible solid-state supercapacitor

Kumar Satendra,Goswami Manoj,Singh Netrapal,Soni Prachi,Sathish N.,Kumar Surender 한국탄소학회 2022 Carbon Letters Vol.32 No.4

Due to its capacity to manufacture low-cost 3D-printed structures, 3D-printing technology offers a unique opportunity for the fast epitome of various applications. Using a typical fused deposition modeling 3D printer along with a Discovery extruder, a graphene-ink can be 3D printed to produce an interdigitated electrode (IDE) arrangement. This work fabricated a 3D-printed planar supercapacitor from pristine graphene-ink without using high-temperature processing or functional additives. The printable ink (89%) is formulated from pristine graphene without the addition of any functional additives. The symmetric flexible supercapacitor is demonstrated with an excellent specific capacitance of 137.50 F/g at 0.5 A/g and an energy density of 12.23 Wh/kg. The obtained gravimetric energy density beats reported earlier carbon-based supercapacitors that are 3D or inkjet printed. The flexibility and robustness of 3D-printed devices are achieved up to 150° folding angles. This work demonstrates an efficient and easy method for fabricating practical energy storage devices featuring a customizable shape and excellent flexibility.

Impact of Pollination Methods on Fruit Yield of Smooth Gourd (Luffa aegyptica Mill.) in India

Anooj S.S.,Veriender Singh Malik,Surender Kumar Sharma,Yogesh Kumar,Mahesh Kumar Rana 한국양봉학회 2013 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

An experiment comprising four varieties, viz. C-2016, Hirat, Ragini and Pusa Chickni of smooth gourd and four pollination methods, viz. insect pollinator exclusion (PE), hand pollination (HP), open pollination, (OP), open pollination + hand pollination (OP+HP), was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Plant Pathology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) during the rainy season, i.e., June to September 2011. The soil of the field was sandy-loam with moderate fertility and pH 8.0. Seven bee species of two families (Apidae and Megachilidae), viz. Apis dorsata Fab., Apis mellifera L., Apis florea Fab., Ceratina sp., Xylocopa pubescence (Spinola), X. fenestrata Fab and Megachile sp., were observed as the insect pollinators on smooth gourd flowers, which contributed in the production of higher number of fruit set and allied yield parameters. Among these, Apis florea, A. mellifera and Ceratina sp. were found the most frequent visitors. The observations were recorded on yield parameters, i.e., percent fruit set, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit weight. Irrespective of varieties, the significantly higher per cent fruit set (70.21%), fruit length (22.82cm), fruit diameter (3.80cm) and fruit weight (128.81g) were recorded with open pollination + hand pollinated flowers followed by open pollination and hand pollination alone. No fruit set was observed where insect pollinators were excluded from the smooth gourd flowers.

Evaluation of the anti-arthritic activity of Cinnamomum cassia bark extract in experimental models

Himanshu Sharma,Prerna Chauhan,Surender Singh 한국한의학연구원 2018 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.7 No.4

Background: Cinnamomum cassia iswidely used as a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The present study aimed to assess the anti-arthritic activity of C. cassia bark hydroalcoholic extract (CCHE) in different arthritic animal models. Methods: In formaldehyde model, sub-plantar administration of 0.1 ml of formaldehyde (2% v/v) into the right hind paws of Wistar albino rats on days 0 and 3. The rats were divided into six groups as follows: normal control, disease control, indomethacin group (3 mg/kg, p.o.) and three groups, treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg CCHE (p.o.). Joint diameter was measured, and ankle joints were collected for MDA and GSH measurements. In complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis model, CFA was injected into the sub-plantar surface of the right hind paw in rats. Joint diameter was measured, and serum TNF-α and IL-1β were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were also performed. Results: CCHE treatment significantly (p < 0.01) reduced MDA levels and joint swelling in a concentration-dependent manner in rats with formaldehyde-induced arthritis, in which GSH levels were elevated (p < 0.01). In rats with CFA-induced arthritis, CCHE treatment significantly reduced joint swelling as well as IL-1β and TNF-α levels (p < 0.01). TNF-α receptor expression was decreased in rats treated with indomethacin or CCHE. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that C. cassia possesses anti-arthritic properties.

The effect of attack of chloride and sulphate on ground granulated blast furnace slag concrete

Ashish, Deepankar K.,Singh, Bhupinder,Verma, Surender K. Techno-Press 2016 Advances in concrete construction Vol.4 No.2

This concrete is one of the most versatile construction material widely used for almost a century now. It was considered to be very durable material and required a little or no maintenance since long time. The assumption is very true, except when it is subjected to highly aggressive environments. The deterioration of concrete structures day by day due to aggressive environment is compelling engineers to assess the loss in advance so that proper preventive measure can be taken to achieve required durability to concrete structures. The compounds present in cement concrete are attacked by many salt solutions and acids. These chemicals are encountered by almost all concrete structures. The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effect of attack of chlorides and sulphates with varying severity on compressive strength of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) concrete after immersion in salt solution for 28 days. The results indicate that the durability of GGBFS concrete increases with the increase in percentage replacement of cement by GGBFS for 20% and then gradually decreases with increases in percentage of GGBFS with cement (as in the study for 40% and 60%). Also there is increase in strength of GGBFS concrete with increase in age. Thus the durability of concrete improves when GGBFS is added as partial replacement of cement. In this study the strength of GGBFS concrete is less affected by chemicals as compared to conventional concrete when exposed to aggressive environment.