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Yoon‑Jin Lee,Kwan‑Sik Park,Byoung Joon Baek,Kyong‑Ae Lee,Sang‑Han Lee 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.1
Backgrounds Arctigenin derived from the seeds of Arctium lappa Linnaeus is known as an anticancer drug candidate by targeting various pathways involved in anticancer therapy. Methods Using 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid culture systems in nasal septum carcinoma RPMI-2650 cells, the effects of arctigenin and dexamethasone on cell viability, ROS levels, ATP level, mitochondrial function, apoptosis and necroptosis were examined. Results The combination treatment of both compounds induced strong cytotoxicity, accompanied by increases of sub-G0/ G1 peak, annexin V-PE-positive cells, and ROS levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and decrease of cellular ATP content. These changes were observed as simultaneous induction of DNA damage, apoptosis, and necroptosis. A series of changes by arctigenin and dexamethasone were efficiently restored by decreasing ROS levels or supplementing ATP. Treatment of 3D spheroids with arctigenin and dexamethasone decreased cell viability in the spheroids, but it was slightly resistant than cells under 2D conditions. In addition, this phenomenon was accompanied by an increase in mediators for both apoptosis and necroptosis. Conclusion Results of this study suggest that the apoptosis and necroptosis-inducing effects of arctigenin are associated with ATP depletion due to oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction.
Symptoms of North Korea`s Economic System: Now is the Time to Open up Economically
( Youn Sik Choi ),( Hyung Rok Jung ),( Sung Man Yoon ) 한국국방연구원 2013 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.25 No.1
Since suffering economic difficulties, particularly from the 1990s onwards, North Korea, even implicitly, has taken several actions based on the nature of its limited market economy system. North Korean scholars seem to have attempted to practice economic reform and a more open-door policy by learning the capitalistic mark eteconomy system. This paper investigates the current state of trends of North Korean studies associated with economics and management. It is found that even though directly praising and idolizing "Kim Il Sung" and/or "Kim Jong Il" are consistently accomplished, studies on new and subtle issues such as an open-door policy, the global (international) monetary system, compensation, wage (salaries),and self-financing (financing a giupso, in itself, without external financing such as borrowing or issuing shares) drastically increased in the 2000s, especially before and after the announcement of the ``7.1 Economic Management Improvement Measures`` implemented in July 2002. This paper`s findings suggest that North Korea has tried to learn capitalistic market economy system before it takes any steps regarding economic reform. This paper also identifies the political implications in drawing up initiatives in preparation for the era of unification of the two Koreas.
An Analysis of Stress Pattern in the Coracoclavicular Ligaments with Scapular Movements
Yoon Sang Kim,In-Sung Kim,Yon-Sik Yoo,Seong-Wook Jang,Cheol-Jung Yang 대한견주관절의학회 2015 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.18 No.3
Background: Acromioclavicular (AC) stability is maintained through a complex combination of soft-tissue restraints that include coracoclavicular (CC), AC ligament and overlying muscles. Among these structures, the role of the CC ligament has continued to be studied because of its importance on shoulder kinematics, especially after AC injury. This study was designed to determine the geometric change of conoid and trapezoid ligaments and resulting stresses on these ligaments according to various scapular motions. Methods: The scapuloclavicular (SC) complex was isolated from a fresh-frozen cadaver by removing all soft tissues except the AC and CC ligaments. The anatomically aligned SC complex was then scanned with a high-resolution computed tomography scanner into 0.6-mm slices. The Finite element model of the SC complex was obtained and used for calculating the stress on different parts of the CC ligaments with simulated movements of the scapula. Results: Average stress on the conoid ligament during anterior tilt, internal rotation, and scapular protraction was higher, whereas the stress on the trapezoid ligament was more prominent during posterior tilt, external rotation, and retraction. Conclusions: We conclude that CC ligament plays an integral role in regulating horizontal SC motion as well as complex motions indicated by increased stress over the ligament with an incremental scapular position change. The conoid ligament is the key structure restraining scapular protraction that might occur in high-grade AC dislocation. Hence in CC ligament reconstructions involving only single bundle, every attempt must be made to reconstruct conoid part of CC ligament as anatomically as possible.
Yoon, Bo-Young,Cho, Mi-La,Hong, Yeon-Sik,Jhun, Joo-Yeon,Park, Mi-Kyung,Park, Kyung-Su,Park, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Ho-Youn The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2007 Immune Network Vol.7 No.3
Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been investigated intensively for some decades. These cells regulate the immune system, prevent overactivated immune responses and can be used therapeutically. For rheumatoid arthritis (RA), understanding the functions and status of Tregs is an important step for understanding immune regulation in this autoimmune disease. Methods: We investigated the percentages, phenotypes and suppressive functions of $CD4^+CD25^+$ Tregs in peripheral blood (PB) of patients with RA. Results: The percentages were higher in the patients (n=12) than in healthy controls (n=10), and the cells expressed the $CD45RB^{low}$, CTLA-4 and CCR7 phenotypes. We also investigated the expression of Foxp3 and secretion of interleukin (IL)-10 induced $CD4^+CD25^+$ Tcells by anti-CD3 antibody treatment. A suppressive function of the patients' cells was shown through coculture with $CD4^+CD25^-$ T cells in vitro. Conclusion: We suggest that, despite their increased numbers and suppressive function, they manage the ongoing inflammation ineffectively. It might be possible to apply IL-10 to induce the proliferation of IL-10-producing Tregs as therapy for RA.
Sang Seop Kum,문상흡,Yoon Sik Park 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.6
Mo_(1.0)V_(0.4)Te_(0.25)Nb_(0.24)O_x catalyst was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis in a solution containing a drying control chemical additive (DCCA) such as propionic acid (PA) or formamide (FA). The performance of the prepared catalysts in propane oxidation for producing acrylic acid (AA) was improved because the catalyst showed an increase in both the activity and AA selectivity. The activity was increased due to an increase in the surface area and in the oxygen mobility. The AA selectivity was increased due to a decrease in the number of acidic sites, which were responsible for the unselective and deep oxidation of intermediates. The catalyst performance was degraded when excess amounts of DCCA were used in the preparation step because the surface area decreased, due to the residues of DCCA, and the surface density of acidic sites increased.
Applicability of histoculture drug response assays in colorectal cancer chemotherapy.
Yoon, Yong Sik,Kim, Chan Wook,Roh, Seon Ae,Cho, Dong Hyung,Kim, Gyu Pyo,Hong, Yong Sang,Kim, Tae Won,Kim, Moon Bo,Kim, Jin Cheon Potamitis Press 2012 Anticancer research Vol.32 No.8
<P>The present study, using the histoculture drug response assay (HDRA) compared chemosensitivity with the clinical response of a treatment regime in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC).</P>
Yoon, Jin-Hwan,Kim, Kwang-Woo,Kim, Je-Han,Heo, Kyu-Young,Jin, Kyeong-Sik,Jin, Sang-Woo,Shin, Tae-Joo,Lee, Byeong-Du,Rho, Ye-Cheol,Ahn, Byung-Cheol,Ree, Moon-Hor The Polymer Society of Korea 2008 Macromolecular Research Vol.16 No.7
There are two beamlines (BLs), 4C1 and 4C2, at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory that are dedicated to small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The 4C1 BL was constructed in early 2000 and is open to public users, including both domestic and foreign researchers. In 2003, construction of the second SAXS BL, 4C2, was complete and commissioning and user support were started. The 4C2 BL uses the same bending magnet as its light source as the 4C1 BL. The 4C1 BL uses a synthetic double multilayer monochromator, whereas the 4C2 BL uses a Si(111) double crystal monochromator for both small angle and wide angle X-ray scattering. In the 4C2 BL, the collimating mirror is positioned behind the monochromator in order to enhance the beam flux and energy resolution. A toroidal focusing mirror is positioned in front of the monochromator to increase the beam flux and eliminate higher harmonics. The 4C2 BL also contains a digital cooled charge coupled detector, which has a wide dynamic range and good sensitivity to weak scattering, thereby making it suitable for a range of SAXS and wide angle X-ray scattering experiments. The general performance of the 4C2 BL was initially tested using standard samples and further confirmed by the experience of users during three years of operation. In addition, several grazing incidence X-ray scattering measurements were carried out at the 4C2 BL.
Yoon, Dok Hyun,Shin, Jae-Sik,Jin, Dong-Hoon,Hong, Seung-Woo,Jung, Kyung A,Kim, Seung-Mi,Hong, Yong Sang,Kim, Kyu-Pyo,Lee, Jae-Lyun,Suh, Cheolwon,Lee, Jung Shin,Kim, Tae Won Potamitis Press 2012 Anticancer research Vol.32 No.5
<P>Survivin is a negative regulator of apoptosis. We evaluated the efficacy of YM155, a selective suppressant of survivin, in combination with gemcitabine in the pancreatic cancer cell line MiaPaCa-2.</P>