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鄭相愚 大韓法醫學會 1979 대한법의학회지 Vol.3 No.1
The features of the rifled gun-inflicted entrance wounds are determined by type of weapon, target material, muzzle-target angle, etc., as well as distance of fire. Nonetheless, the entrance wounds have been classified according to only one factor, distance of fire. Poplin and suede were fired with .45-caliber pistol, 38-caliber revolver, .25-caliber pistol and M16a1 rifle at various muzzle-target distances. The results made the author possible to classify the entrance wounds by the characteristics of wounds as follows. 1. Underblasted wound - An entrance wound which is produced when fired at fast contact with a small caliber handgun on target of considerable mechanical strength. The front surface resembles a simple wound from long range shot. The undersurface surrounding the exit hole shows effects of gaseous blast, flame, smoke and gunpowder residues. 2. Blasted wound - Variable degrees of damage to target due to gaseous blast is accompanied. Degree and shape of damage are dependent on the difference between mechanical strength of target material and gaseous explosive power. 3. Tattooed wound - fouling around the entrance hole, concentric or eccentric, is noticed due to flame, smoke and/or gunpowder residues. Implied in the type of patterned wound, blasted wound and tattooed wound are caused by close range shot and near range shot, respectively. 4. Simple wound - Only effect by bullet, penetration wound, can be found. distances of fire, correspondent to the types of the entrance wounds, were provided in accordance with the type weapon and target material tried in the experiment. The above classification of the entrance wounds was applied retrospectively to the cases of gunshot deaths autopsied by forensic Medicine Section, the ROKA Scientific Investigation Lab.
적외선열화상장치를 이용한 Buchanan plugger 표면의 온도상승 분석
최성아,김선호,황윤찬,윤창,오병주,최보영,정우남,정선와,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4
This study was performed to evaluate the temperature rise on various position of the Buchanan plugger, the peak temperature of plugger's type and the temperature change by its touching time of heat control spring. The heat carrier system 'System B' (Model 1005. Analytic Technologies, USA) and the Buchanan's pluggers of F, FM, M and ML sizes are used for this study. The temperature was set to 200℃ which Dr. Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommended on digital display and the power level on it was set to 10. In order to apply heat on the Buchanan's pluggers, the heat control spring was touched for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 seconds respectively. The temperature rise on the surface of the pluggers were measured at 0.5 mm intervals from tip to 20 mm length of shank using the infraed thermography (Radiation Thermometer-IR temper, NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan) and TH31-702 Data capture software program (NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan). Data were analyzed using a one way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test and linear regression test. The results as follows. 1. The position at which temperature peaked was approximately at 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm far from the tip of Buchanan's pluggers (p<0.001). The temperature was constantly decreased toward the shank from the tip of it(p<0.001). 2. When the pluggers were heated over 5 seconds, the peak temperature by time of measurement revealed from 253.3±10.5℃ to 192.1±3.3℃ in a touch for 1 sec, from 218.6±5.0℃ to 179.5±4.2℃ in a touch for 2 sec, from 197.5±3.0℃ to 167.6±3.7℃ in a touch for 3 sec, from 183.7±2.5℃ to 159.8±3.6℃ in a touch for 4 sec and from 164.9±2.0℃ to 158.4±1.8℃ in a touch for 5 sec. A touch for 1 sec showed the highest peak temperature, followed by, in descending order, 2 sec, 3 sec, 4 sec. A touch for 5 sec showed the lowest peak temperature (p<0.001). 3. A each type of pluggers showed different peak temperatures. The peak temperature was the highest in F type and followed by, in descending order, M type, ML type. FM type revealed the lowest peak temerature (p<0.001). The results of this study indicated that pluggers are designed to concentrate heat at around its tip, its actual temperature dose not correlate well with the temperature which Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommended, and finally a quick touch of heat control spring for 1 sec reveals the highest temperature rise.