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Quality Improvement of Oil Palm Trunk Properties by Close System Compression Method
Rudi Hartono,Imam Wahyudi,Fauzi Febrianto,Wahyu Dwianto,Wahyu Hidayat,Jae-hyuk Jang,Seung-hwan Lee,Se-hwi Park,Nam-hun Kim 한국목재공학회 2016 목재공학 Vol.44 No.2
Densification of the inner part of oil palm trunk (OPT) by the close system compression (CSC) method was performed in this study. The effects of the compression temperature and time on the anatomical, physical andmechanical properties of OPT were evaluated. The inner part of OPT with an initial average density of 0.3 g/cm3 was used as samples. Oven-dried samples were immersed in water and vacuumed until fully saturated and then compressed by CSC at 120, 140, 160 or 180℃ for 10, 20, 30 or 40 min. The anatomical characteristics of transverse and radial sections before and after compression were compared by optical microscopy. The physical and mechanical properties, including the density, recovery of set (RS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and compression parallel to grain were examined. It was observed that the anatomical characteristic of the inner part of OPT (i.e., vascular bundles, vessels, and parenchyma tissue) became flattened, fractured, and collapsed after compression by CSC. The RS decreased with increasing compression temperature and time. The lower RS indicated high dimensional stability. The physical and mechanical properties (i.e., density, MOR, MOE, and compressive strength) of the inner part of OPT increased with increasing compression temperature and time. Compression by the CSC method at 160℃ for 40 min was the optimum treatment.
Rudi Hartono,Wahyu Hidayat,Imam Wahyudi,Fauzi Febrianto,Wahyu Dwianto,Jae Hyuk Jang,Nam Hun Kim 한국목재공학회 2016 목재공학 Vol.44 No.6
The objective of this study was to improve physical and mechanical properties of soft-inner part of oil palm trunk (S-OPT) after impregnation with phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and densification by close system compression (CSC) method. Effect of different methods of PF resin impregnation (i.e., no vacuum-pressure, vacuum, and vacuum-pressure) was evaluated. The results showed that PF resin impregnation and CSC significantly improved the physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT up to: (1) 176% in density; (2) 309% in modulus of rupture (MOR); (3) 287% modulus of elasticity (MOE); and (4) 191% in the compressive strength. Physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT showed their best performances when PF resin impregnated with vacuum- pressure method as shown by higher weight gain, density, MOR, MOE, compressive strength, and lower recovery of set due to better penetration of PF resin into S-OPT. Combining PF resin impregnation and densification by CSC method could be a good method to improve physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT.
( Rudi Hartono ),( Erwinsyah ),( Wahyu Hidayat ),( Ratih Damayanti ) 한국목재공학회 2018 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.1
Bioresin from derived of pine (Pinus merkusii) was used to increase the strength of soft-inner part of oil palm trunk (S-OPT). This purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of impregnation methods (soaking 1 day, 3 days and vacuum 600 mmHg for 1 hour) and bioresin concentration (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) on the physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT. Bioresin was dissolved with 5% of NaOH. The result showed that weight gain from bioresin into S-OPT was 0.85 % - 39.4%. The bioresin impregnation with several consentration significantly improved the physical and mechanical properties of S-OPT up to (1) 5.7-57.14% in density; (2) 24.95%-135.76% in compressive strenght; (3) 129.22%-307.95% in modulus of elasticity (MOE);and (4) 45.92%-115.74% in the in modulus of rupture (MOR). The best performance of S-OPT when bioresin impregnated 20% bioresin using vacuum method as shown higher the physica and mechanical properties.
[< 전시-P-66 >] The Effect of Spraying Adhesive Technique on Particleboard Properties
( Apri Heri Iswanto ),( Tito Sucipto ),( Irawati Azhar ),( Rudi Hartono ) 한국목재공학회 2017 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.1
The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of technical spraying adhesive on physical and mechanical particleboard using UF and Isocyanat mixture. UF/Isocyanat ratio used in this experiment was 70/30 (%w/w). There were five type of technical spraying for the treatments namely A (UF resin was applied in core resin and Isocyanat for surface resin), B (Isocyanat resin was applied as core resin and UF for surface resin), C (Isocyanat resin was sprayed in the first then followed by UF resin), D (UF resin was sprayed in the first then followed by Isocyanat resin), and the last E (UF and Isocyanat had mixed before spray). Boards produced with size of 25 by 25㎠, the density and board thickness target were 0.75gcm<sup>-3</sup> and 1cm respectively. Hot press was set in 140℃ temperature for 10 minutes and 30kgcm<sup>-2</sup> pressures. Seven days required for conditioning of board after pressing process. The results showed that board type of D resulted the best dimensional stability. It was described by the smallest value of thickness swelling and water absorption. For the mechanical properties parameters, board type of “B” resulted the best bending and internal bond properties. The present of Isocyanat in UF resin resulted in improvement of dimensional stability and mechanical properties of particleboard.
Ihak Sumardi,Anggit Kusuma Dewan DARU,Alfi RUMIDATUL,Rudi Dungani,Yoyo SUHAYA,Neil PRIHANTO,Rudi Hartono 한국목재공학회 2024 목재공학 Vol.52 No.1
Betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) is used as a building and handicraft material in Indonesia; however, bamboo needs to be dried to increase its stability. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of drying bamboo using solar energy and different drying oven designs. The betung bamboo pieces were dried using a direct solar dryer (direct drying) and an indirect solar dryer (indirect drying) and then the decrease in levels that occurred based on the relative humidity (RH) and temperature values achieved in the two dryers were compared. The highest average temperature in the direct indirect drying oven compartment was 60.1 ± 13.1℃ with 19.9 ± 16.4% RH and 60.2 ± 11.9℃ with 19.5 ± 15.5% RH, respectively. The drying defect in indirect drying was lower than that in direct drying, and indirect drying had a 61.7% greater average water loss than direct drying with significant difference (95%, analysis of variance) based on water loss/compartment volume parameters. Thus, the solar drying oven can be used to air-dry bamboo (14%) for 7 d from an initial moisture content of 70%–80% in bamboo strips. The results of this research can be used for small-scale bamboo processing industries that have limited use of electrical energy with quite good results.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Three-layer Particleboards Bonded With UF and UMF Adhesives
Apri Heri Iswanto,Janrahman Simarmata,Widya Fatriasari,Irawati Azhar,Tito Sucipto,Rudi Hartono 한국목재공학회 2017 목재공학 Vol.45 No.6
A low dimensional stability and poor bending strength properties were main problems in particleboard manufacturing. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of mixed wood species and urea-form-aldehyde (UF) or urea-melamine-formaldehyde (UMF) resins on the physical and mechanical properties of three-layer particleboards. The ratio of face/core/back layer was 1 : 2 : 1. The resin content of 12% for both UF resins and UMF resins (UF/MF = 70/30% w/w) was used. The results of this study showed that the utilization of S.mahagony shaving using both UF and UMF resins caused a decrease in the thickness swelling and water absorption of the boards. Thickness swellings of particleboard made of Sengon/Sengon/Sengon (SSS), Mahogany/Mahogany/Mahogany (MMM), Sengon/Mahogany/Sengon (SMS), and Mahogany/Sengon/Mahogany (MSM) were in the range of 23%, 12∼16%, 14∼16%, and 13∼21%, respectively. The board bonded with UMF resin demonstrated better dimensional stability than that bonded with UF resin alone. Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of particleboards made of S. mahagony shaving in the surface layer in both MMM and MSM boards were better than those of the SSS and SMS. MOE of MMM and MSM board was in the ranges of 24,000 to 26,000 kg.cm<sup>-2</sup> and 18,000 to 21,000 kg.cm<sup>-2</sup> respectively. Meanwhile, the MOR of board was in the ranges of 200 to 240 kg.cm<sup>-2</sup> and 190 to 228 kg.cm<sup>-2</sup>, respectively.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Board from Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper)
Muhammad Navis Rofii,Michael Jose MAIRING,Tomy LISTYANTO,Ihak Sumardi,Rudi Hartono 한국목재공학회 2024 목재공학 Vol.52 No.4
Laminated bamboo is an engineered bamboo technology to maintain its mechanical durability for both construction and furniture materials. This study was conducted to assess the properties of laminated bamboo made from Betung bamboo at different culm positions and laminate orientations. The materials used in this study were 4-year Betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) obtained from a community forest in Yogyakarta and polyvinyl acetate resin as adhesive. Two factors were applied for this study, i.e., culm position (lower, middle, and upper) and laminate orientations (vertical and horizontal direction). To examine the mechanical properties, a static bending test and the hardness test were performed in accordance with ASTM D1037-99. Moisture content and density were determined in accordance with BS 373-1957. The results indicated that there was no interaction between the culm position and laminate orientation on the moisture content, density, static bending properties and hardness. The culm position affected the static bending and hardness, with the higher position of the culm resulting a greater strength. The laminate orientation also affected the strength of laminated bamboo, with the vertical direction resulting in higher strength than the horizontal.