The United States in Change: Migration and Other Global Connections

( Patrick Manning ) 한국아메리카학회 2016 美國學論集 Vol.48 No.3

This essay explores change in the United States through the optic of migration. Migration has been a prominent factor in the history of the United States since the beginning, especially because of its empire of trade, as described by historian Donna Gabaccia. In addition, migrations are among the great topics of conflict and debate in the United States today. The essay gives an overview of migration and “immigrant foreign relations” from 1800 to the present, showing how migrants came gradually to be seen as a threat. As a comparison, migration since 1800 for the world as a whole is shown to be both similar to and different from migration to the United States. To explain the politics of migration, the essay describes popular culture as a global and national force, showing how it has gradually tended to give support to migrants yet also leads to anti-migrant movements. The conclusion considers the United States and the incoming Trump administration in the wake of the 2016 election. Migrant populations are under increased threat but, most likely, have the strength and alliances to retain their current position of importance within the United States.

Settlement and Resettlement in Asia: Migration vs. Empire in History

MANNING, Patrick The Asian Association of World Historians 2015 The Asian review of world histories Vol.3 No.2

At its simplest, this essay provides a narrative of migration in Asia since the arrival of Homo sapiens some 70,000 years ago. More fully, it presents the case for conducting long-term, world-historical interpretation for Asia with attention to multiple perspectives, which has become increasingly central to global historical analysis. Following an introductory articulation of the benefits of long-term interpretation, the second section presents a balance of three perspectives-empire, exchange, and migration-as frameworks for interpreting the Asian past. The third section presents further detail on migration in long-term Asian history. The concluding section identifies four changes in patterns of migration during the past two centuries and emphasizes the underlying importance of cross-community migration in long-term human biological and social evolution.

Role of microRNA-520h in 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg3-mediated angiosuppression

Man-Hong Keung,Lai-Sheung Chan,Hoi-Hin Kwok,Ricky Ngok-Shun Wong,Patrick Ying-Kit Yue 고려인삼학회 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.2

Background: Ginsenoside-Rg3, the pharmacologically active component of red ginseng, has been found to inhibit tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in various cancer models. Previously, we found that 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg3 (Rg3) could inhibit angiogenesis. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to affect many biological processes, they might play an important role in ginsenosidemediated angiomodulation. Methods: In this study, we examined the underlying mechanisms of Rg3-induced angiosuppression through modulating the miRNA expression. In the miRNA-expression profiling analysis, six miRNAs and three miRNAs were found to be up- or down-regulated in vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-induced human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after Rg3 treatment, respectively. Results: A computational prediction suggested that mature hsa-miR-520h (miR-520h) targets ephrin receptor (Eph) B2 and EphB4, and hence, affecting angiogenesis. The up-regulation of miR-520h after Rg3 treatment was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while the protein expressions of EphB2 and EphB4 were found to decrease, respectively. The mimics and inhibitors of miR- 520h were transfected into HUVECs and injected into zebra-fish embryos. The results showed that overexpression of miR-520h could significantly suppress the EphB2 and EphB4 protein expression, proliferation, and tubulogenesis of HUVECs, and the subintestinal-vessel formation of the zebra fish. Conclusion: These results might provide further information on the mechanism of Rg3-induced angiosuppression and the involvement of miRNAs in angiogenesis.

Paraffinoma of the Knee 60 Years after Primary Injection

Patrick Goon,Chang-Bon Man,Miles Dickson 대한성형외과학회 2013 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.40 No.6

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Rapid and Tunable Reductive Degradation of Disulfide‐Labeled Polyesters

Pinnel, Patrick,Mendez‐,Nelson, Andrew,Noh, Seung Man,Nam, Joon Hyun,Oh, Jung Kwon WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Macromolecular chemistry and physics Vol.213 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A new approach for rapid and tunable degradation of reductively degradable polyesters (ssPESs) with multiple disulfides on the polymer backbones is reported. The approach centers on the control of the amount of disulfides in the synthesis of ssPESs by polycondensation of a disulfide‐containing diacid with various single and mixed diols having different molecular weights and disulfides. The disulfide concentration in ssPESs is tuned by incorporation of diols labeled with disulfides or diols with different MWs. The degradation rate is enhanced with increasing ssPES molecular weight. With ssPESs bearing disulfides positioned repeatedly along the backbone, the rapid and controlled degradation is compared with the slow degradation of polyesters with only a single disulfide in the center.</P>

Role of microRNA-520h in 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg3-mediated angiosuppression

Keung, Man-Hong,Chan, Lai-Sheung,Kwok, Hoi-Hin,Wong, Ricky Ngok-Shun,Yue, Patrick Ying-Kit The Korean Society of Ginseng 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.2

Background: Ginsenoside-Rg3, the pharmacologically active component of red ginseng, has been found to inhibit tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in various cancer models. Previously, we found that 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg3 (Rg3) could inhibit angiogenesis. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to affect many biological processes, they might play an important role in ginsenoside-mediated angiomodulation. Methods: In this study, we examined the underlying mechanisms of Rg3-induced angiosuppression through modulating the miRNA expression. In the miRNA-expression profiling analysis, six miRNAs and three miRNAs were found to be up- or down-regulated in vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-induced human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after Rg3 treatment, respectively. Results: A computational prediction suggested that mature hsa-miR-520h (miR-520h) targets ephrin receptor (Eph) B2 and EphB4, and hence, affecting angiogenesis. The up-regulation of miR-520h after Rg3 treatment was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while the protein expressions of EphB2 and EphB4 were found to decrease, respectively. The mimics and inhibitors of miR- 520h were transfected into HUVECs and injected into zebra-fish embryos. The results showed that overexpression of miR-520h could significantly suppress the EphB2 and EphB4 protein expression, proliferation, and tubulogenesis of HUVECs, and the subintestinal-vessel formation of the zebra fish. Conclusion: These results might provide further information on the mechanism of Rg3-induced angiosuppression and the involvement of miRNAs in angiogenesis.

No difference in long-term functional outcomes or survivorship after total knee arthroplasty with or without computer navigation: a 17-year survivorship analysis

( Ng Jonathan Patrick ),( Lau Lawrence Chun Man ),( Chau Wai-wang ),( Ong Michael Tim-yun ),( Cheung Kin Wing ),( Chiu Kwok Hing ),( Chung Kwong Yin ),( Ho Kevin Ki-wai ) 대한슬관절학회 2021 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.33 No.-

Background: The literature comparing the long-term outcomes and survivorship of computer navigation-assisted and conventional total knee replacement (TKR) is sparse. Moreover, of the available comparative studies with followup duration of more than 10 years, the results seem to be conflicting. The purpose of this long-term study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes, and implant survivorship, of TKR performed with and without computer navigation. Methods: We retrospectively compared the results of 49 computer-navigated TKRs and 139 conventional TKRs. The mean age of the patients was 67.9 (range 52-81) years for the navigation group and 67.1 (range 50-80) years for the conventional TKR group. The mean duration of follow-up for the conventional and navigation TKR groups was 12.9 and 13.2 years, respectively. Clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations of the patients were performed at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months post-operatively, and at 1-year intervals thereafter. Results: There were no significant differences in the post-operative Knee Society knee and function score between the two groups. The mean overall deviation from neutral alignment and the radiological outliers were significantly higher in the conventional TKR group. The overall survival rates at 17 years were 92.9% for the navigation group and 95.6% for the conventional TKR group (p = 0.62). Conclusions: Navigated TKR resulted in fewer radiological outliers; however, this did not translate to better long-term functional outcomes or implant survival.

VEHICLE STABILITY CONTROL THROUGH PRE-EMPTIVE BRAKING

Guastadisegni Giuseppe,So Kai Man,Parra Alberto,Tavernini Davide,Montanaro Umberto,Gruber Patrick,Soria Leonardo,Mantriota Giacomo,Sorniotti Aldo 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.2

Next-generation accurate vehicle localization and connectivity technologies will enable significant improvements in vehicle dynamics control. This study proposes a novel control function, referred to as pre-emptive braking, which imposes a braking action if the current vehicle speed is deemed safety-critical with respect to the curvature of the expected path ahead. Differently from the implementations in the literature, the pre-emptive braking input is designed to: a) enhance the safety of the transient vehicle response without compromising the capability of reaching the cornering limit, which is a significant limitation of the algorithms proposed so far; and b) allow – in its most advanced implementation – to precisely constrain the sideslip angle to set levels only through the pre-emptive control of the longitudinal vehicle dynamics, without the application of any direct yaw moment, typical of conventional stability control systems. To this purpose, a real-time-capable nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) formulation based on a double track vehicle prediction model is presented, and implemented in its implicit form, which is applicable to both human-driven and automated vehicles, and acts as an additional safety function to compensate for human or virtual driver errors in extreme conditions. Its performance is compared with that of: i) two simpler – yet innovative with respect to the state-of-the-art – pre-emptive braking controllers, namely an NMPC implementation based on a dynamic point mass vehicle model, and a pre-emptive rule-based controller; and ii) a benchmarking non-pre-emptive rule-based trail braking controller. The benefits of pre-emptive braking are evaluated through vehicle dynamics simulations with an experimentally validated vehicle model, as well as a proof-of-concept implementation on an automated electric vehicle prototype.

Korean Red Ginseng extract induces angiogenesis through activation of glucocorticoid receptor

Sung, Wai-Nam,Kwok, Hoi-Hin,Rhee, Man-Hee,Yue, Patrick Ying-Kit,Wong, Ricky Ngok-Shun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.4

Background: Our previous studies have demonstrated that ginsenoside-Rg1 can promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo through activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Furthermore, microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling has shown that Rg1 can modulate the expression of a subset of miRNAs to induce angiogenesis. Moreover, Rb1 was shown to be antiangiogenic through activation of a different pathway. These studies highlight the important functions of miRNAs on ginseng-regulated physiological processes. The aim of this study was to determine the angiogenic properties of Korean Red Ginseng extract (KGE). Methods and Results: Combining in vitro and in vivo data, KGE at $500{\mu}g/mL$ was found to induce angiogenesis. According to the miRNA sequencing, 484 differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be affected by KGE. Among them, angiogenic-related miRNAs; miR-15b, -23a, -214, and -377 were suppressed by KGE. Meanwhile, their corresponding angiogenic proteins were stimulated, including vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and MET transmembrane tyrosine kinase. The miRNAs-regulated signaling pathways of KGE were then found by Cignal 45-Pathway Reporter Array, proving that KGE could activate GR. Conclusion: KGE was found capable of inducing angiogenesis both in vivo and in vitro models through activating GR. This study provides a valuable insight into the angiogenic mechanisms depicted by KGE in relation to specific miRNAs.

Korean Red Ginseng extract induces angiogenesis through activation of glucocorticoid receptor

Wai-Nam Sung,Hoi-Hin Kwok,Man-Hee Rhee,Patrick Ying-Kit Yue,Ricky Ngok-Shun Wong 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.4

Background: Our previous studies have demonstrated that ginsenoside-Rg1 can promote angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo through activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Furthermore, microRNA(miRNA) expression profiling has shown that Rg1 can modulate the expression of a subset of miRNAs to induce angiogenesis. Moreover, Rb1 was shown to be antiangiogenic through activation of a different pathway. These studies highlight the important functions of miRNAs on ginseng-regulated physiological processes. The aim of this study was to determine the angiogenic properties of Korean Red Ginseng extract (KGE). Methods and Results: Combining in vitro and in vivo data, KGE at 500 mg/mL was found to induce angiogenesis. According to the miRNA sequencing, 484 differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be affected by KGE. Among them, angiogenic-related miRNAs; miR-15b, -23a, -214, and -377 were suppressed by KGE. Meanwhile, their corresponding angiogenic proteins were stimulated, including vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and MET transmembrane tyrosine kinase. The miRNAs-regulated signaling pathways of KGE were then found by Cignal 45-Pathway Reporter Array, proving that KGE could activate GR. Conclusion: KGE was found capable of inducing angiogenesis both in vivo and in vitro models through activating GR. This study provides a valuable insight into the angiogenic mechanisms depicted by KGE in relation to specific miRNAs.