Metabolites of Marine Algae Collected from Karachi-coasts of Arabian Sea

Muhammad Shaiq Ali,Muhammad Jahangir,Muhammad Saleem,Muhammad Kashif Pervez,Shaista Hameed,Viqar Uddin Ahmad 한국생약학회 2000 Natural Product Sciences Vol.6 No.2

The ethanolic extracts of marine green, brown and red algae collected from Karachi coasts of Arabian Sea afforded a new enol-derivative of N-acylsphingosine named as coelarthenol (1) from Coelarthrum muelleri, two new glucose-derivatives named: botryenal (2) and botryenol (3) from Botryocladia leptopoda, α-tocopherol quinone (4) from Codium iyengarii, β-sitosterol and hexadecanoic acid from Stokeyia indica. The known constituents (4, β-sitosterol & hexadecanoic acid) have not been reported so far from their corresponding sources and the structures were determined through spectroscopic methods, whereas, the structures of new constituents (1-3) were elucidated with the aid of selective HMBC experiments. The phytotoxicity of 4 was also monitored.

Modelling and kinetic study of microwave assisted drying of ginger and onion with simultaneous extraction of bioactive compounds

Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan,Abid Aslam Maan,Rana Muhammad Aadil,Akmal Nazir,Masood Sadiq Butt,Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid,Muhammad Inam Afzal 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.4

Onion and ginger are rich sources of bioactive compounds which are lost during conventional drying process. The present study was designed to optimize the novel Microwave Assisted Drying and Extraction technique (MADE) for simultaneous drying and extraction/recovery of bioactive compounds from model food products. The time required for drying of samples was 11 (onion) and 16 (ginger) minutes with recovery yield of 87% (onion) and 85% (ginger). The drying time was reduced to 100 times compared to hot air drying and moisture ratio of dried samples was best described by Midilli model. The diffusivities of onion and ginger slices were 1.27 e-11 and 1.43 e-11 m2/s, respectively. Moreover, microwave-based extraction was compared with conventional one. The results of antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of condensates obtained through MADE were higher compared to conventional method. In short, MADE exhibited better yield of extraction and drying properties compared to conventional methods.

Formal Verification of Twin Clutch Gear Control System

Muhammad Zaman,Amina Mahmood,Muhammad Atif,Muhammad Adnan Hashmi,Muhammad Kashif,Mudassar Naseer International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2024 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.24 No.3

Twin clutch model enables the power-shifts as conventional planetary automatic transmission and eradicates the disadvantages of single clutch trans- mission. The automatic control of the dual clutches is a problem. Particularly to control the clutching component that engages when running in one direction of revolution and disengages when running the other direction, which exchange the torque smoothly during torque phase of the gearshifts on planetary-type automatic transmissions, seemed for quite a while hard to compensate through clutch control. Another problem is to skip gears during multiple gearshifts. However, the twin clutch gear control described in ["M Goetz, M C Levesley and D A Crolla. Dynamics and control of gearshifts on twin clutch transmissions, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 2005"], a significant improvement in twin clutch gear control system is discussed. In this research our objective is to formally specify the twin clutch gear control system and verify it with the help of formal methods. Formal methods have a high potential to give correctness estimating techniques. We use UPPAAL for formal specification and verification. Our results show that the twin clutch gear control model partially fulfills its functional requirements.

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for biohydrogen production: Recent developments, challenges and perspectives

Aslam, Muhammad,Ahmad, Rizwan,Yasin, Muhammad,Khan, Asim Laeeq,Shahid, Muhammad Kashif,Hossain, Shakhawat,Khan, Zakir,Jamil, Farrukh,Rafiq, Sikander,Bilad, Muhammad Roil,Kim, Jeonghwan,Kumar, Gopalakr Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.269 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Biohydrogen as one of the most appealing energy vector for the future represents attractive avenue in alternative energy research. Recently, variety of biohydrogen production pathways has been suggested to improve the key features of the process. Nevertheless, researches are still needed to overcome remaining barriers to practical applications such as low yields and production rates. Considering practicality aspects, this review emphasized on anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) for biological hydrogen production. Recent advances and emerging issues associated with biohydrogen generation in AnMBR technology are critically discussed. Several techniques are highlighted that are aimed at overcoming these barriers. Moreover, environmental and economical potentials along with future research perspectives are addressed to drive biohydrogen technology towards practicality and economical-feasibility.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Anaerobic membrane bioreactor technology for biohydrogen production is overviewed. </LI> <LI> Enhancement of biohydrogen yield and generation rates via various strategies is discussed. </LI> <LI> Techno-economic and environmental impacts of this approach are addressed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The Board Size and Board Composition Impact on Financial Performance: An Evidence from the Pakistani and Chinese's Listed Banking Sector

MAJEED, Muhammad Kashif,JUN, Ji Cheng,ZIA-UR-REHMAN, Muhammad,MOHSIN, Muhammad,RAFIQ, Muhammad Zeeshan Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.4

The main objective of this research is to investigate the impact of board size and board composition on financial performance of banks. The sample of this study consists on two countries listed bank sector Pakistan and China. The annul data is used from 2009-2018 to find the objective of this study. The Panel regression model is used to check the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Return on Asset and Return on Equity is used as performance checker dependent variables. The results of this study confirm board size coefficient value positive for ROA and negative for ROE but shows insignificant behavior for Pakistani banking sector while in Chinese banking sector the coefficient value of board size positively for ROA and ROE at 10% level. The board composition coefficient shows the negatively significant with ROA but insignificantly related to ROE for Pakistani banking sector. However, in Chinese banking sector the coefficient value of board composition is insignificant for both ROA and ROE. This study is helpful for banks, management of banks, policy makers, researcher as well as Government.

Serological and epidemiological investigation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in bovines in Pakistan

Rehman Aziz Ur,Javed Muhammad Tariq,Ahmed Ishtiaq,Saeed Muhammad Adnan,Ehtisham-ul-Haque Syed,Rafique Muhammad Kamran,Sikandar Arbab,Nasir Amar,Ahmad Latif,Kashif Muhammad,Zeeshan Muhammad Abid 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.9

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes at twelve public dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan.Methods: A total of 2,181 more than two-year-old animals (1,242 cattle and 939 buffaloes) were tested by avian tuberculin, i.e., killed purified protein derivative of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> paratuberculosis and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood and fecal samples were collected from tuberculin positive animals. These samples were further processed by indirect ELISA. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis and logistic analysis procedures.Results: The prevalence of paratuberculosis at public dairy farms was 3.8%, as determined by tuberculin+ELISA test. It varied from 0.71% to 13.5% with a 100% herd prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that species, milk production, total animals, total small ruminants, and total buffaloes were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Odd ratio analysis revealed that with a one-kilogram increase in body weight, there will be a 0.006% increase in disease occurrence. With the increase in one animal in small ruminants and buffaloes, there will be 0.008% and 0.42% greater chances of developing paratuberculosis, respectively. Bivariate logistic regression analysis of cattle and buffaloes revealed that farm number, age, and total number of cattle were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. A one-month increase in lactation length increases the chance of tuberculosis by 0.004%; similarly, a one-liter increase in milk production increases the chance of disease by 10%. With each additional buffalo in the herd, there will be a 0.007% greater chance for the occurrence of paratuberculosis.Conclusion: This study concluded that tuberculin testing can be used in conjunction with ELISA to screen animals for paratuberculosis in countries with scarce resources, such as Pakistan. The efficacy of disease diagnosis can be improved by combining multiple tests. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes at twelve public dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: A total of 2,181 more than two-year-old animals (1,242 cattle and 939 buffaloes) were tested by avian tuberculin, i.e., killed purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood and fecal samples were collected from tuberculin positive animals. These samples were further processed by indirect ELISA. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis and logistic analysis procedures. Results: The prevalence of paratuberculosis at public dairy farms was 3.8%, as determined by tuberculin+ELISA test. It varied from 0.71% to 13.5% with a 100% herd prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that species, milk production, total animals, total small ruminants, and total buffaloes were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Odd ratio analysis revealed that with a one-kilogram increase in body weight, there will be a 0.006% increase in disease occurrence. With the increase in one animal in small ruminants and buffaloes, there will be 0.008% and 0.42% greater chances of developing paratuberculosis, respectively. Bivariate logistic regression analysis of cattle and buffaloes revealed that farm number, age, and total number of cattle were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. A one-month increase in lactation length increases the chance of tuberculosis by 0.004%; similarly, a one-liter increase in milk production increases the chance of disease by 10%. With each additional buffalo in the herd, there will be a 0.007% greater chance for the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Conclusion: This study concluded that tuberculin testing can be used in conjunction with ELISA to screen animals for paratuberculosis in countries with scarce resources, such as Pakistan. The efficacy of disease diagnosis can be improved by combining multiple tests.

Synthesis of Magnetite by Reverse Coprecipitation of Mill-Scale and its Application for Adsorptive Removal of Phosphate from Wastewater

( Muhammad Kashif Shahid ),( Yunjung Kim ),( Younggyun Choi ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2019 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2019 No.-

Reviewing Sustainability Interpretation of Electrical Discharge Machining Process using Triple Bottom Line Approach

Muhammad Kashif Zia,Salman Pervaiz,Saqib Anwar,Wael A. Samad 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.6 No.5

Nontraditional machining processes are frequently used in product manufacturing when either the material is difficult to machine, or a very precise geometry is required. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is considered as a popular nontraditional machining process. EDM process is used to machine a diverse range of engineering materials such as hard materials, ceramics and modern composite materials. It is primarily used in the finishing of components related to aerospace, automotive, surgical, electronic and biomedical industrial sectors. However, high energy consumption, hazardous dielectric waste generation, toxic emissions and fire hazards are the major concerns with respect to sustainability. The present study reviews the state-of-the-art research performed to explore the sustainability aspects of EDM process under the framework of three pillars or triple bottom line sustainability approach. The study reveals economic, environmental and social concerns for the EDM process. Major economic concerns were found to be energy consumption, electrode preparation and treatment of dielectric fluid. Major environmental concerns were based on the hazardous emissions and disposal of dielectric fluid. However, major social concerns were linked with the inhalation of fumes, skin diseases and fire or explosion related threat. The study also recommends different solutions for all economic, environmental and social concerns.

Pyridoxine Refractory Sideroblastic Anemia: Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis

Muhammad Matloob Alam,Abdulrhman Alathaibi,Ruwayd Adel Attar,Muhammad Kashif,Hamdan Saeed Al-Ghamdi,Sultan Abdulaziz Alharthi,Abdulmohsen Bokhary,Muteb Althomali 대한소아혈액종양학회 2022 Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Vol.29 No.2

We report the case of a 7-year-old girl who was originally diagnosed at the age of 6 months with transfusion-dependent red cell aplasia based on a combination of se-vere anemia, reticulocytopenia and bone marrow findings. Since early infancy due to severe microcytic/hypochromic anemia she received multiple packed RBCs transfusions. She subsequently developed hepatomegaly, hypothyroidism, diabetes, liver cirrhosis and latterly, a severe cardiomyopathy due to significant iron overload refractory to regular chelating agents. Genetic study was offered, confirmed the pres-ence of SLC25A38 gene mutation and her diagnosis was revised to pyridoxine re-fractory sideroblastic anemia (PRSA). It is a non-syndromic, autosomal recessive dis-order, characterized by severe microcytic anemia since infancy and increased serum ferritin, which is not responsive to pyridoxine. Since the clinical course of this dis-order is very similar to that of thalassemia major and other red cell aplasia. Prompt recognition and initiation of appropriate treatment are important to reduce the de-velopment of secondary disease complications due to iron overload. Given the poten-tial for misdiagnosis and delay in the recognition of sideroblastic anemia, a careful bone marrow examination and genetic study should be included while investigating children with unexplained anemia.

Arsenic Removal with Synthesized Magnetite Particles

( Muhammad Kashif ),( Shahid Phearom San ),( Young-gyun Choi ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2018 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2018 No.-