Development of Nested PCR, Multiplex PCR, and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Rapid Detection of Cylindrocladium scoparium on Eucalyptus

Qiao, Tian-Min,Zhang, Jing,Li, Shu-Jiang,Han, Shan,Zhu, Tian-Hui The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.5

Eucalyptus dieback disease, caused by Cylindrocladium scoparium, has occurred in last few years in large Eucalyptus planting areas in China and other countries. Rapid, simple, and reliable diagnostic techniques are desired for the early detection of Eucalyptus dieback of C. scoparium prior to formulation of efficient control plan. For this purpose, three PCR-based methods of nested PCR, multiplex PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) were developed for detection of C. scoparium based on factor 1-alpha (tef1) and beta-tubulin gene in this study. All of the three methods showed highly specific to C. scoparium. The sensitivities of the nested PCR and LAMP were much higher than the multiplex PCR. The sensitivity of multiplex PCR was also higher than regular PCR. C. scoparium could be detected within 60 min from infected Eucalyptus plants by LAMP, while at least 2 h was needed by the rest two methods. Using different Eucalyptus tissues as samples for C. scoparium detection, all of the three PCR-based methods showed much better detection results than regular PCR. Base on the results from this study, we concluded that any of the three PCR-based methods could be used as diagnostic technology for the development of efficient strategies of Eucalyptus dieback disease control. Particularly, LAMP was the most practical method in field application because of its one-step and rapid reaction, simple operation, single-tube utilization, and simple visualization of amplification products.

Development of Nested PCR, Multiplex PCR, and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Rapid Detection of Cylindrocladium scoparium on Eucalyptus

Tian-Min Qiao,Jing Zhang,Shu-Jiang Li,Shan Han,Tian-Hui Zhu 한국식물병리학회 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.5

Eucalyptus dieback disease, caused by Cylindrocladiumscoparium, has occurred in last few years in largeEucalyptus planting areas in China and other countries. Rapid, simple, and reliable diagnostic techniquesare desired for the early detection of Eucalyptus diebackof C. scoparium prior to formulation of efficientcontrol plan. For this purpose, three PCR-based methodsof nested PCR, multiplex PCR, loop-mediatedisothermal amplification (LAMP) were developed fordetection of C. scoparium based on factor 1-alpha (tef1)and beta-tubulin gene in this study. All of the threemethods showed highly specific to C. scoparium. Thesensitivities of the nested PCR and LAMP were muchhigher than the multiplex PCR. The sensitivity of multiplexPCR was also higher than regular PCR. C. scopariumcould be detected within 60 min from infectedEucalyptus plants by LAMP, while at least 2 h wasneeded by the rest two methods. Using different Eucalyptustissues as samples for C. scoparium detection,all of the three PCR-based methods showed muchbetter detection results than regular PCR. Base on theresults from this study, we concluded that any of thethree PCR-based methods could be used as diagnostictechnology for the development of efficient strategiesof Eucalyptus dieback disease control. Particularly,LAMP was the most practical method in field applicationbecause of its one-step and rapid reaction, simpleoperation, single-tube utilization, and simple visualizationof amplification products.

Electrochemical surface oxidation of carbon nanofibers

Yoon, Chang-Min,Long, Donghui,Jang, Sang-Min,Qiao, Wenming,Ling, Licheng,Miyawaki, Jin,Rhee, Choong-Kyun,Mochida, Isao,Yoon, Seong-Ho Elsevier 2011 Carbon Vol.49 No.1

<P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P><ce:figure id='f0045'></ce:figure></P><P><B>Research highlights</B></P><P>► Carbon nanofiber surfaces were functionalized with oxygen-bearing groups through binderless electrochemical oxidation. ► The oxidation of herringbone CNFs was initiated at a relatively low potential at both the anodic and cathodic electrodes, while the O/C atomic ratio remained relatively constant within the range of potentials investigated. ► The relative concentration of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups increased with increasing potential while the amount of carboxylic groups decreased. ► The structure of the CNF was important in determining the O/C atomic ratio, which was especially dependent on the spatial arrangement of graphene layers.</P> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Carbon nanofiber (CNF) surfaces were functionalized with oxygen-bearing groups through electrochemical oxidation. The electrode was prepared without a binder, allowing easy separation of the functionalized CNFs for subsequent applications. The relationships between the applied potential and the CNF structure with the resulting O/C atomic ratio and the distribution of oxygen functional groups were investigated. Surface groups were identified and characterized by elemental analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, micro-attenuated total reflectance FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry. The oxidation of herringbone CNFs was initiated at a relatively low potential at both the anodic and cathodic electrodes, while the O/C atomic ratio remained relatively constant within the range of potentials investigated. The relative concentration of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups increased with increasing potential while the amount of carboxylic groups decreased. The structure of the CNF was important in determining the O/C atomic ratio, which was especially dependent on the spatial arrangement of graphene layers. Tubular CNFs exhibited low O/C atomic ratios while herringbone CNFs, which have a higher surface area, exhibited the largest ratios. The dispersion of the CNFs in water was much more homogeneous following electrochemical oxidation.</P>

On the Original Construction of the Film-Image System in Chinese Films Based on the Concept of Film-Drama

Qiao Jieqiong,Yin Min 중앙대학교 영상콘텐츠융합연구소 2015 TechArt :Journal of Arts and Imaging Science Vol.2 No.1

Chinese films have their own national style, which has been identified by theoretical circles. However, the questions of how the “national style” is formed and how the image system is built have not been widely given further examination. The image system of the early films in China is built gradually and driven by the concept of film-drama. This concept focuses on the idea that the film is a kind of drama, i.e., drama-based and film-supported. This forms the theoretical basis of the Chinese film image system. In the 1920s, the Chinese film image showed its original type of style, which was mainly represented through aspects including: scene as the basic unit; an open spatial concept; stylized stage design, etc.

Research on the Features of VR Marketing Design Based on Emotional Experience

Qiao, Sui,Dong-Min Cho 한국멀티미디어학회 2022 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.25 No.3

Research on the Short-term Memory Effects on VR Tour Games

Qiao, Sui,Dong-Min Cho 한국멀티미디어학회 2021 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.24 No.7

Research on the cognition of virtual haptics for VR Tourism

Qiao Sui(세교),Dong-Min Cho(조동민) 한국디자인학회 2021 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.5

Stock option pricing and executive stock option incentive compensation

PAN Min,TANG Sheng-qiao 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

In this paper, we develop an executive stock option pricing model with a volatility estimated by SV-GED model, involving both the features of the stock return volatility and the abnormal fluctuation of the stock price at the expiration date. The estimates of the parameters in SV-GED model are given using Markov Chain Monte Carlo method with Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index as samples. And the comparison analysis on the option values between classical B-S models and the models with a volatiligy under SV-GED model are offered. The results show that SV-GED model has greater veracity in describing the volatility of stock market return. And great disecrepancy exists between the option values under SV-GED model and B-S model, wihich varies along with the discrepancy between the underlying stock price at the expiration date and the strike price in the option.

Genome Analysis and Optimization of Caproic Acid Production of Clostridium butyricum GD1-1 Isolated from the Pit Mud of Nongxiangxing Baijiu

Li Min,Li Tao,Zheng Jia,Qiao Zongwei,Zhang Kaizheng,Luo Huibo,Zou Wei 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.10

Caproic acid is a precursor substance for the synthesis of ethyl caproate, the main flavor substance of nongxiangxing baijiu liquor. In this study, Clostridium butyricum GD1-1, a strain with high caproic acid concentration (3.86 g/l), was isolated from the storage pit mud of nongxiangxing baijiu for sequencing and analysis. The strain’s genome was 3,840,048 bp in length with 4,050 open reading frames. In addition, virulence factor annotation analysis showed C. butyricum GD1-1 to be safe at the genetic level. However, the annotation results using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Automatic Annotation Server predicted a deficiency in the strain’s synthesis of alanine, methionine, and biotin. These results were confirmed by essential nutrient factor validation experiments. Furthermore, the optimized medium conditions for caproic acid concentration by strain GD1-1 were (g/l): glucose 30, NaCl 5, yeast extract 10, peptone 10, beef paste 10, sodium acetate 11, L-cysteine 0.6, biotin 0.004, starch 2, and 2.0% ethanol. The optimized fermentation conditions for caproic acid production by C. butyricum GD1-1 on a single-factor basis were: 5% inoculum volume, 35°C, pH 7, and 90% loading volume. Under optimal conditions, the caproic acid concentration of strain GD1-1 reached 5.42 g/l, which was 1.40 times higher than the initial concentration. C. butyricum GD1-1 could be further used in caproic acid production, NXXB pit mud strengthening and maintenance, and artificial pit mud preparation.

Surface effect on the necking of hyperelastic materials

Li Min,Yan Yi,Xu Shihao,Wang Gangfeng,Wu Jian,Feng Xi-Qiao 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.38 No.-

Necking is a widely observed instability phenomenon. Surface tension often plays a significant role in the deformation of soft materials, especially at the micro scale, but its influence on the necking behavior of soft structures remains unclear. In this paper, we use the energy method to explore surface effects on the necking of soft plates and cylindrical bars under uniaxial tension. Analytical solutions are derived for the critical conditions of necking instability in the two types of structural components with a power-law constitutive relation. It is found that surface energy shows different impacts on their necking behaviors – it tends to postpone the occurrence of necking in soft plates but promote that in soft cylinders. This work not only deepens our understanding of the instability of soft materials but also helps design soft devices and robots.