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The Three Phases Of Japan-China Joint-History Research: What Was The Challenge?
( Kawashima Shin ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2010 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.34 No.4
In 2006 the Japanese and Chinese governments initiated a joint historical project to promote mutual understanding of World War II history. The primary purpose was to depoliticize the issue of historical recognition, and to promote mutual understanding in the spirit of "agree to disagree." It can be said that both sides ultimately succeeded in this point. Yet the project remains incomplete, since the third stage of the research requires both sides to discuss and release research findings to the public. The Chinese government has consistently avoided doing so. As an outside contributor to this joint research, the author introduces how this intergovernmental history project was created and implemented at three levels-that of historians, then governments, and finally the media. New problems were created because of gaps in understanding between the Chinese and Japanese sides as well as communication problems at all three levels. One conclusion is that intergovernmental joint research may harden the shells of both sides` national histories in the end, making it necessary to encourage private institutions to conduct research on historical recognition in the future.
Postwar Japan-China Relationship: Contemplation from the Perspective of Reconciliation
( Kawashima Shin ) 대한민국역사박물관 2015 Journal of Contemporary Korean Studies Vol.2 No.2
This paper depicts the China-Japan relationship after WWII from the perspective of “reconciliation” and suggests comparative perspectives that could be applied to the post-war Japan-Korea relationship. The key phrase that connects the “Abe Statement” published on August 14, 2015 and the “Report of World Order in the 21st Century” is “post-war reconciliation.” The seventy years of Japan-China relations after the Second World War indicate that while both sides have made movements towards reconciliation, the surrounding situation has not coincided with such intentions for seventy years. This is rather distinct from Japan-Korea relations. During the 1950s, and the 1960s although the idea of reconciliation was emerging, there was only limited progress. Economic relations between Japan and China grew rapidly in the 1980s, but Japan’s movements to improve relations with China overlapped with China’s reinforcement of the anti Japanese education system that was adopted as a tool for controlling domestic society after the Cold War. From 1990 onwards, Japan and China’s continuous mutual efforts for reconciliation have shown a certain level of progress. Henceforth, in order to unify their disharmonic past, mutual efforts will need to be made towards pacification as the foundation for improved Japan-China relations.
Hirotaka Hasegawa,Masahiro Shin,Jun Kawagishi,Hidefumi Jokura,Toshinori Hasegawa,Takenori Kato,Mariko Kawashima,Yuki Shinya,Hiroyuki Kenai,Takuya Kawabe,Manabu Sato,Toru Serizawa,Osamu Nagano,Kyoko Ao 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.2
Background and Purpose To assess the long-term outcomes of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or embolization and SRS (Emb- SRS) and to develop a grading system for predicting DAVF obliteration. Methods This multi-institutional retrospective study included 200 patients with DAVF treated with SRS or Emb-SRS. We investigated the long-term obliteration rate and obliteration-associated factors. We developed a new grading system to estimate the obliteration rate. Additionally, we compared the outcomes of SRS and Emb-SRS by using propensity score matching. Results The 3- and 4-year obliteration rates were 66.3% and 78.8%, respectively. The post-SRS hemorrhage rate was 2%. In the matched cohort, the SRS and Emb-SRS groups did not differ in the rates of obliteration (P=0.54) or post-SRS hemorrhage (P=0.50). In multivariable analysis, DAVF location and cortical venous reflux (CVR) were independently associated with obliteration. The new grading system assigned 2, 1, and 0 points to DAVFs in the anterior skull base or middle fossa, DAVFs with CVR or DAVFs in the superior sagittal sinus or tentorium, and DAVFs without these factors, respectively. Using the total points, patients were stratified into the highest (0 points), intermediate (1 point), or lowest (≥2 points) obliteration rate groups that exhibited 4-year obliteration rates of 94.4%, 71.3%, and 60.4%, respectively (P<0.01). Conclusions SRS-based therapy achieved DAVF obliteration in more than three-quarters of the patients at 4 years of age. Our grading system can stratify the obliteration rate and may guide physicians in treatment selection.