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Junyu Tian,Wei Wang,Guang Xu,Xiang Wang,Mingxing Zhou,Hatem Zurob 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.5
The microstructure evolution and strain hardening behaviour of a low-carbon carbide-free bainitic steel prepared by eithersingle-step austempering (420 °C or 365 °C), conventional two-step austempering (420 °C then 365 °C) or inverted two-stepaustempering (365 °C then 420 °C) treatments were investigated. The results show that when the total isothermal holdingtime was the same, the inverted two-step austempering treatment (first completing bainitic transformation at low-temperatureand then annealing at high-temperature austempering) led to the highest toughness (30.7 GPa%) due to the finer bainiticmicrostructure and higher fraction of film-like retained austenite. Grain refinement and transformation-induced plasticityallowed the material to achieve high ductility without sacrificing strength. Comparing single-step austempering at 365 °Cwith the inverted two-step austempering process indicates that annealing at a higher temperature after completion of thebainitic transformation resulted in better tensile properties because of a lower dislocation density and more stabler retainedaustenite. In addition, the samples heat-treated by the conventional two-step austempering process exhibited slower bainitetransformation kinetics and the worse tensile properties than the sample which was heat-treated using a single-step austemperingtreatment at 365 °C or the one which was heat-treated using an inverted two-step heat treatment. Through the analysisof the orientation relationships, it is observed that the original austenite and the bainitic plates mainly followed the K-Sorientation relationships regardless of whether the bainite plates were formed in the first or the second heat-treatment step.
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( Zhen Cao ),( Ce Dou ),( Jianmei Li ),( Xiangyu Tang ),( Junyu Xiang ),( Chunrong Zhao ),( Lingyu Zhu ),( Yun Bai ),( Qiang Xiang ),( Shiwu Dong ) 생화학분자생물학회 2016 BMB Reports Vol.49 No.10
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in cartilage tissue engineering to repair articular cartilage defects. However, hypertrophy of chondrocytes derived from MSCs might hinder the stabilization of hyaline cartilage. Thus, it is very important to find a suitable way to maintain the chondrogenic phenotype of chondrocytes. It has been reported that cordycepin has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor functions. However, the role of cordycepin in chondrocyte hypertrophy remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of cordycepin on chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy in MSCs and ATDC5 cells. Cordycepin upregulated chondrogenic markers including Sox9 and collagen type II while down-regulated hypertrophic markers including Runx2 and collagen type X. Further exploration showed that cordycepin promoted chondrogenesis through inhibiting Nrf2 while activating BMP signaling. Besides, cordycepin suppressed chondrocyte hypertrophy through PI3K/Bapx1 pathway and Notch signaling. Our results indicated cordycepin had the potential to maintain chondrocyte phenotype and reconstruct engineered cartilage. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(10): 548-553]
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