전도도법에 의한 치환 피리딘들의 해리상수 측정과 그의 온도와 압력에 따른 영향

黃正儀,鄭倧在,金學成,尹永炷,朴義煥 慶北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

Generally, pyridine and most of substituted pyridines act as base in aqueous solutions. The strengths of their basicities can be expressed quantitatively by the dissociation constant of base or its conjugated acid. Generally, the acidity of substituted pyridines can be expressed by K_a of the following reaction. ◁그림 삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요) The dissociation constants of these subtituted pyridines have not been reported under high pressure but under atmospheric pressure. In this papers, the dissociation constants of some substituted pyridines were measured under high pressure by the conductometry. From the ionic conductivity of hydrogen ion, the dissociation constants (K_a) were calculated. The K_a values were increased with increasing temperature and were decreased with increasing presure. The charateristics of dissociation process of some substituted pyridines were deduced from the thermodynamic properties calculated from the dissociation constants.

염화아세트산들의 해리반응에 미치는 온도와 압력의 영향

황정의,정종재,박용태,지종기,박의환 慶北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

The temperature and pressure dependences of the dissociation constants of mono-, di- and tri-chloroacetic acids were studied by the conductimetry in the range of 20-35℃ and 1-2500 bars. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔS, and ΔV were evaluated from the dissociation constants. The dissociation constants were increased as the temperature and pressure was increased respectively. The pressure effects can be explained by the fact that the increase of the charges of reaction species enhances the solvation of ions and reduces the reaction volume. As the more chlorines were substituted to acetic acid, the effect of pressure on the dissociation constants was decreased because of the enhanced solvation effect. From the thermodynamic data it can be estimated that there are two types of dissociation reactions. They are an enthalpy-dominated reaction and an entropy-dominated one.

치성 및 비치성 조직이 악골 창상치유에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

황의환,이상래,김소정,홍정표 大韓口腔顎顔面放射線學會 1996 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.26 No.2

This study was for comparing healing patterns and effects between with odontogenic and nonodontogenic tissues on the defected mandible. Experimental bone defects that measured 3 mm in diameter were created on the mandibular body of guinea pig by removal of bone with the use of trephine burs and bone defects were grafted with Biogran(Orthovita Co., U.S.A.)and covered with Dura Mata(Pfrimmer-Viggo GmbH Co., Germany). Guinea pigs were serially terminated by fours on the 3 day, the 1 week, the 2 weeks. the 3 weeks, the 4 weeks, and the 5 weeks after experiment, and the mandibular body was removed and fixed with 10% neutral formalin. They were decalcified adnembedded in paraffin as using the usual methods. The specimen sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue. They were observed with a light microscope and a polarizing microscope. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Defected bone was healed fast from the odontogenic tissues in early stage of the experiment. 2. The arrangement of the bone matrix was relatively regular in the bone from the nonodontogenic tissues, but irregular in the bone from the odontogenic tissues. 3. Compact bone has started to be resorbed and changed to the pattern of matrix bone tissue from 3 weeks after experiment.

올림픽 公園의 意味 分析

黃正煥 경주대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

We perceive landscape and formulate the image of the landscape through a series of cognition process. In the relationship between object and observe, and object elicits information about it's uniqueness as well as it's relationship to other objects. An observe gives meaning to the object that he or she perceives by way of choosing and composing certain object according to the current purpose within the limitation of his or her environmental adaptability. This study tries to have meaning through content interpretation suggesting in terms that image of each piece of landscape is cognized to a certain meaning. The Olympic Park contructed in national level in size and facility as well as historically known is selected as the study site. The main body discusses development potentiality, invited function, and site planning. The followings are the results for analysis and synthesis through content interpretation for 6 areas planning. * Composition Composition of the Olympic Park shows the landscape of transposition, distortion and chaos, like surrealistic painting. Floors such as large lawn ground, large pavement area and water surface of pond intend to embrace everything and to play the role of contrast and moving earth surface. The orthogonal patterns are skewed and begin to writhe under the comparatively weightless objects. Pond water surface comes in green space and water edge plaza. On the contrary, water edge plaza naturally intrudes into water by skewing of the perpendicular elements crossing at right angles. The function of pond surface and green area operates more strongly and actively by the treatment of gentleslope. * Form Form of the Olympic Park appears in a variety of configuration whether it has natural meaning or not. This is physical form shaped by contrast effect of natural curve line and man-made straight line, as well as areal and linear element. Those are the areal form of earth fort curve line, edge line of plaza and green space, edge line of these forms exist in our imagination. This can be specified through the term "image" * image Recently the range of image expression is expanding. Landscape value about what we cannot understand are being recognized as a new dimension. "Here" and "There" represent relatively different images in large environmental sculpture, small environmental sculpture in large plaza, and a group of buildings at the end of large green area in the Olympic Park. Here and there relate to individuality or sympathy in terms of place aspect. This and that relate to color, texture, scale, style, character and personality in terms of content aspect. Areas of presentation are being expanded in introduction of traditional culture aspects. In particular, fork performance area of traditional "Madang" concept is shaped for showing signs of incipient life and gives Yin concept, and we feel the power receiving and controlling everything as symbolic center of the park. The power sweeps the center space along landform of earth fort which is Yin, and water, Tan, operates in the shape that embraces the outer wall. As mentioned above, landscape architects present three basic goals in common ; to make landscape architecture as art ; to make visually strong works ; and to make meaningful works. Therefore, the holistic meaning of the Olympic Park through the analysis of composition, form a d image is presented as "large revolution" pr "wonderment". It is possible to promote large revolution of design by way of violating the culturally permissible boundary of form and composition choice. Within this context, the Olympic Park is a "new creation".

불국사 조경 양식의 특징

황정환 경주대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

This study tries to consider religious and ideological background which applied to location, space and composition elements and that characteristics of architectural landscape style of Bulguk Temple(in Kyongju, Korea) is cognized to a certain meaning. The following are the results for analysis and synthesis through content interpretation in terms of landscape architectural meaning and it's style. 1. The view of location 1) Harmony between nature and art, sky line and level treatments harmonious with topography and so on be expressed humanistic style which naturalized. This is flowed more human thoughts in it than the display of human control power through natural forces. 2) Bulguk Temple with basic concepts as Pung Shui(the geometric system used in choosing auspicious sites for graves and houses), ideological and religious background has landscape style in symbolism and sacred characters which expressed supreme ideas of the Shilla people. 2. The view of spacial composition 1) Bulguk Temple with mandala's figure which introduced symmetrical composition of asymmetrical elements, and intersected and repeated positive and negative space has ideological zero style connected with moderate thoughts. This appears to have the mean such as perfection, no fault, originality, and unity. 2) It si symbolistic style which expressed multi-dimensional works with dualism of space, the methods of level treatment, the hierarchy of subject and object, and ideological facility planning. 3. The view of composition elements 1) It is style of life that included appropriative landscape method, combination of passive and active elements, transitional effects with forms and materials, and one plus one make new one to be not two. That is to say, it included creative idea which constantly pursuit artistic characters of the nature and active and durable idea which one makes the other one. 2) A construction methods of a reinforcing stone wall was used one principle of design which lead up to the whole space, Religious construction and landscape elements shows itself as architectural landscape elements which unified with monolithic feeling. Accordingly this is a deductive style which get a clue th whole problems with making much of one element. As mentioned above, these style of the Korean Buddhist Temple landscape architecture is not utilitarianism and rationalism but the results that persisted with metaphysical and naturalistic views, The part of sensibility and mentality which ore ancestors have kept in mind against natural environment and man-made environment have flowed in our subconsciousness. Therefore these are an important problem for us to take shape with reconsidered as self-consciousness.

경주시 월성원전 민간환경감시기구 조례안의 분석 및 평가

황정환 경주대학교 건설환경연구소 2002 建設環境論叢 Vol.- No.4

전도도법에 의한 치환 피리딘들의 해리상수 측정과 그의 온도와 압력에 따른 영향

黃正儀,鄭倧在,金學成,尹永炷,朴義煥 慶北大學校 物理化學硏究所 1985 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Generally, pyridine and most of substituted pyridines act as base in aqueous solutions. The strengths of their basicities can be expressed quantitatively by the dissociation constant of base or its conjugated acid. Generally, the acidity of substituted pyridines can be expressed by K_a of the following reaction. ◁그림삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) The dissociation constants of these subtituted pyridines have not been reported under high pressure but under atmospheric pressure. In this papers, the dissociation constants of some substituted pyridines were measured under high pressure by the conductometry. From the ionic conductivity of hydrogen ion, the dissociation constants(K_a) were calculated. The K_a values were increased with increasing temperature and were decreased with increasing pressure. The characteristics of dissociation process of some substituted pyridines were deduced from the thermodynamic properties calculated from the dissociation constants.

경주 서악서원 조경식재 계획의 방향

황정환 경주대학교 2004 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The Seoak Seowon(Confucian shrine-academy) was built by I jeong(1512~1571), the mayor of Gyeongju, to honor Genernal Gim Yu-Sin in 1563, the 18th year of Joseon King Myeongjong. This study has looked into the present condition of landscape planting in Seoak Seowon(西岳書院) in Gyeongju, and has brought forward a proposal for the right landscape planting plan, considering our ancestors' traditional ideology and the characters and symbolism of landscaping plants. The study has made the basic conception of landscape planting and the direction of the plan through literature inquiries and on-the-spot surveys, and then established concrete directions of a landscape planting plan such as basic landscape planting plans, rainwater/drainage plans, selecting species of trees, according-to-main-space landscape planting plans. The following are summarized results of study and according-to-main-space landscape planting plans. As a result of surveying the present condition of landscape planting, 16species ares the number of all the landscape flora planted inside Seoak Seowon. The according-to-main-space landscape planting plans is as follows. 1. In the space of the Ru-Sammun gate(樓三門空間), point trees are needed outside the Oe-Sammun gate(外三門) for sense of place, and pair planting(對植) method on the left and right side of the Oe-Sammum gate for a sensation of approach. 2. No planting is required around traffic lines parallel with the Oe-Sammurn gate and the Nugak(樓) pavilion for openning the space. 3. In the space of the Dangje shrine(堂劑空間), no planting is required around the buildings in order to develop space for Jangsu(蠶修) and Yusik(遊息), and enhance the diversification and aesthetic value of landscape. 4. In the space of the Nae-Sammun gate(內三空間問), a sensation of approach is emphasized as the space of Sau(祠宇-a shrine) at its entrance and the space of Yusik(遊息空間) is also formed for the Dangje shrine there. Also, the space over-surrounded so far is needed to open at the exit of the Nac-Sammum gate. 5. In the Myodang shrine(崩堂), sense of territory is emphasized, and harmony with the neighboring landscapes and the integrity and spirit of a Seonbi, a classical scholar, are symbolized. The study has proposed the following based on the results. First, different from the present random landscape planting in our Seowons, the right recommendation guidelines must be suggested after considering our ancestors' traditional values/ideology, and the characters and symbolism of landscape flora. Second, much study and financial support for this are required for establishing the framework of the right recommendation guidelines. And, first of all, planting & management programs and budget support must be considered for the sustainable(ESSD) management of our Seowons.

21세기 皇城市民公園 造成方案

황정환 경주대학교 지역개발연구소 1998 地域開發論叢 Vol.- No.1

The purpose of this study is to present a new direction fer the construction of the Hwangsung Park in the ancient city Kyongju for the 21st century. And the results of this study are as follow: 1. According to the world-wide trend, the urban development for the 21st century should be based upon the development plan for the sustainable cities or eco-cities. 2. The preservation and restoration plan for the marred traditional fordwt in this park should be made in consideration of nature. 3. The future Hwangsung Park should be constructed in consideration of nature, our culture and history, and ecology, and should be accessible and friendly to the citizens. 4. This park will be located in the heart of this ancient city and will continue to play most important role even in the 21st century. 5. The quantity of oxygen emitted from the forest of the park amounts to about 480 tons, conducive to about 1,730 citizens a year. 6. For the successful construction of the park, civilian participation, reappraisal and revaluation of the existing plan for the construction of the park, introduction of the non-government development system, a study of the internal-external space fuction in the park, and ecological consideration will be required. 7. 10 fundamentals for the gymnasium construction in gthe compound of the park are suggested with both microscopical and macroscopical care. And the modification fundamentals from the viewpoint of history-culture and environment are analyzed.

Streptozotocin유도 당뇨병이 백서하악 절단과두 치유에 미치는 영향의 실험적 연구

황의환,이상래,홍정표,김원철 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1994 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the remodeling process of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat's resected condyle. This experiment was performed with male Sprague-Dawly strain rats weighing approximately 250gm, which were rendered diabetic by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin(70 ㎎/㎏ body weight). After condylectomy, experimental rats were serially terminated on the 1st week, the 2nd week, the 3rd week, and the 4th week. The following termination, the mandibles were dissected out to make specimens. Each mandibular condyle was radiographed with Hitex HA-80(Hitex Co., Ltd. Japan). In addition to radiographic observation, the mandibular condyles, further decalcified and embedded in paraffin, were sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Toluidine blue and Masson's trichrome. The were observed with a light microscope and a polarizing microscope. The results were as follows. 1.Soft X-ray radiograms revealed proliferation of bone after 1 week in both groups. Irregularly repaired bones and dense trabeculae were clearly observed in experimental group. 2.The resected condyles were repaired by intramembraneous and endochondral bone formation in both groups. 3.Bone tissue repair was initiated from the adjacent margin of resected bone, and cartilginous tissues were observed at the top of repaired one in both groups. 4.The number of osteoblasts of experimental group was small, compared with control group. Each osteoblast was small and flap. The thin trabeculae were irregularly formed. 5.Collagens of bone were gradually matured in both groups, but the degree of maturation was lower in experimental group. 6.Fibrous tissues covered the upper parts of repaired bone were densely arranged in the both groups. Conclusively, atrophied osteoblasts, immature collagen of bone, and this and irregular trabeculae which were characterized in the diabetes experimental group showed diabetes disturbed osteoblastic function and caused disturbance of remodeling process of bone.