Proteomic and Phenotypic Analyses of a Putative YggS Family Pyridoxal Phosphate-Dependent Enzyme in Acidovorax citrulli

Lynn Heo(Lynn Heo),Yongmin Cho(Yongmin Cho),Junhyeok Choi(Junhyeok Choi),Jeongwook Lee(Jeongwook Lee),Yoobin Han(Yoobin Han),Sang-Wook Han(Sang-Wook Han) 한국식물병리학회 2023 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.39 No.3

Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) is a phytopathogenic bacterium that causes bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) in cucurbit crops, including watermelon. However, there are no effective methods to control this disease. YggS family pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme acts as a coen-zyme in all transamination reactions, but its function in Ac is poorly understood. Therefore, this study uses proteomic and phenotypic analyses to characterize the functions. The Ac strain lacking the YggS family pyri-doxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, AcΔyppAc(EV), virulence was wholly eradicated in geminated seed inoculation and leaf infiltration. AcΔyppAc(EV) propa-gation was inhibited when exposed to L-homoserine but not pyridoxine. Wild-type and mutant growth were comparable in the liquid media but not in the solid media in the minimal condition. The comparative proteomic analysis revealed that YppAc is primarily involved in cell motility and wall/membrane/envelop biogenesis. In addition, AcΔyppAc(EV) reduced biofilm formation and twitching halo production, indicating that YppAc is involved in various cellular mechanisms and possesses pleiotropic effects. Therefore, this identi-fied protein is a potential target for developing an effi-cient anti-virulence reagent to control BFB.

Control of Culture Mediums on Hydroponic Growth of Ledebouriella Seseloides Seedlings under the Smart Greenhouse of Artificial Light Type

( Jeongwook Heo ),( Kyounghoon Park ),( Chanheum Park ),( Jaesu Lee ),( Jeonghyun Baek ),( Seouggil Hong ),( Gongin Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

In hydroponic culture, several nutrient solutions were used for plant growth and development under smart greenhouse (Plant factory system) conditions with artificial lights instead of sun light. The conventional solutions are automatically irrigated for leafy plants production under controlled EC and pH conditions. Researches on the nutrient solution control were focused on the cool-season leafy plants such as lettuce spp. growing for 4~5 weeks after seedling transplantation on hydroponic culture bed. However, investigations on the effects of nutrient solutions for long term culture crops compared to the leafy plants have not been conducted. It was conducted to investigate the effect of conventional culture mediums on long-term growth of Ledebouriella seseloides seedlings under smart greenhouse conditions. Conventional Japan Wonsi standard (JW), Yamazaki Leaf lettuce (YL), and Yamazaki Padeudeuk (YP) solutions were used for hydroponic culture. The seedlings with a longer growth period than leafy plants were considered as a plant material. The seedlings which developed 2~3 true leaves were grown in the smart greenhouse with Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) lights of blue, red and white of 1:2:1 mixture in energy ratio. The three nutrient solutions were regularly irrigated by the deep flow technique (DFT) system on the culture gutters for 350 days. Long term culture of Ledebouriella seseloides seedlings with a longer growth period was established by the nutrient solutions which conventionally used for hydroponic culture of leafy plants inside the smart greenhouse conditions. There was no significance in the leaf growth of the seedlings such as fresh weight, leaf extension and leaf pigmentation among the mediums. From the results, it is suggested that the type of culture mediums was not crucial factor in long-term growth of the seedlings under controlled environments such as smart greenhouse conditions although average leaf number of the seedlings grown under MJ or YP treatment significantly increased.

The Research of Defense against Invading Insect Pest and Control using LED Light Source in a Sunlight-combined Type Plant Factory

( Hyunhwan Kim ),( Jeongwook Heo ),( Gongin Lee ),( Jaesu Lee ),( Youngsin Hong ),( Chungyoul Jung ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Plant factories need to develop preventive and control technology of pest infestation as the rapid damage of crops and the occurrence of secondary diseases are major concerns when insect pests are infested with temperature and humidity suitable for growing pests, while creating and maintaining the optimum environment for crop growth. Although a self-contained insect repellent has been developed for the physical control of insect pests, it has not been put into practical use due to the high installation cost compared to the control effect. Therefore, it is necessary to insect pest infestation and physical control technology suitable for the natural light plant and greenhouse environment. In this study, a pest fluorescent response test was carried out for pest catching and development. For the pest color test, a test apparatus was construct on the test of the agricultural engineering department in Jeonju and tested at intervals of 1 m. The test equipment was 50 x 50 x 50 cm and made of plywood. The inside of the box and the grid pattern were painted with the same color fluorescent material. Fluorescent colors were green, yellow, blue, orange, and red. The test was conducted twice a day at 8:00 am and 5:00 pm. Sugar, rice wine, apple peel and grapes were put into each test device for pest induction. The insect trapping system (SKY-M LED, IRREGREEN Co., Ltd.) was used, and 20W of black light fluorescent lamp was used. Ultrasonic pest control (Ultrasound Ultrasonic Pest Control, Tae Yang Ind. Co.) was used for the pest cotrol. The test period was 35 days from October 19th to November 22, 2017. The pests collected as a result of the test are moth moth, tobacco moth, room moth, thistle moth, other moths, bumblebees, cymbals, pteridophyte, mycetophyll, housefly, etc. 51.53% of mycetophylls, 22.86% of houseflies and 8.92% of caldrus. The moths were 2.03% of the room moths, 1.34% of the moth moths and 0.43% of the tobacco moths. Pests appeared more often in the morning than in the afternoon. In other words, there were many catches at night, and there were various kinds. Blue and red fluorescence showed the highest insect pests, and orange was the lowst insect pests. It was not known whether the insect infusion would be reduced when running the insect repellent only on a test device with UV, etc. However, overall insect repellent activities reduced insect infestation. It was necessary to determine the color of the insect screen along with the physical insect screening at the natural light plant through the insect infestation and eradication system. It has to confirm the necessity of continuously research on the insect pest control at the plant factory.

A Study on the Analysis of Optimal Growth Conditions for Arabidopsis for HA Protein Expression Produced

( Hyunhwan Kim ),( Jeongwook Heo ),( Gongin Lee ),( Jaesu Lee ),( Youngsin Hong ),( Sunghwa Choe ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

For years, efforts have been made to increase the added value of crops, to produce high-yield crops containing large amounts of functional materials, or to develop new products to secure the economical efficiency of artificial light plant factories. Arabidopsis is a crop that produces high-value recombinant proteins. It is known that various genetic manipulations of the crop are possible and medical proteins can be extracted from it. In this study, varieties, temperature, type of lamp, and photoperiodic response were investigated for the plant growth of the varieties Ariabiopsis as a precondition that the protein content of Arabidopsis was correlated with leaf weight. For the test, nine kinds of Arabidopsis seeds (JL00458.1, JL00510.1, JL00513.1, JL00528.1, JL00610.1, and COL) were sown in the smart greenhouse research center for the plant factory in Jeonju. Four weeks later, four chambers of 55% relative humidity and temperature (20, 24° C) were made. The cultivation method is nutrient flow technique (NFT). The light in the chamber consisted of fluorescent lamps and LEDs. The light intensity was 150 μmol m-2 · s-1, and it was divided into 12 hours and 16 hours. Growth survey was conducted once a week from December 2016 to February 2017. In fluorescent lamp, the plant length was increased. After 3 weeks had elapsed under the conditions of irradiation at 20℃ and 12 hours, the average length was more than 6 cm. At 5 weeks, some varieties (JL00458.1, JL00528.1, and JL00610.1) exceeded 9 cm and were excellent. Comparing at 12 and 16 hours at 24℃, it was confirmed that the growth rate was fastest in 2nd ~ 4th weeks in some varieties. In LED lamp, the plant length was also increased. After 4 weeks had elapsed under conditions of irradiation at 20℃ and both 12 and 16 hours, the average length 6 cm mostly. At 7 weeks, COL did not exceed 9 cm under the conditions of irradiation at 20℃ and 12 hours, and three varieties did not exceed 9 cm under the conditions of irradiation at 20℃ and 16 hours. Therefore, it was found that 12 hours was better at 20℃. As a result, fluorescent lamp, 20 ° C, and 12 hours condition and varieties (JL00458.1 and JL00510.1) are considered to be suitable.

수출용 딸기 재배온실 스마트 환경제어 시스템 개발

박종원 ( Jongwon Park ),김국환 ( Gookhwan Kim ),허정욱 ( Jeongwook Heo ),이현동 ( Hyundong Lee ),백정현 ( Jeonghyun Baek ),이대현 ( Daehyun Lee ),한길수 ( Kilsu Han ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2

국내에서 생산되는 딸기의 수출은 꾸준히 증가하여 2017년에는 4,788톤에 달하고 있으며 한국산 딸기의 인지도 상승 및 마케팅 등으로 수출 증가가 계속될 것으로 전망된다. 이에 고품질 딸기의 수출량을 증가시키고 품질유지를 위해 생산 이력 및 수출국 농약안전사용 내역을 제시하고 유통경로 추적을 위한 시스템적 서비스가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고품질 딸기 재배를 위하여 온실내 환경제어 시스템은 온실 내· 외부 환경 계측 및 제어요인 도출을 위해 기존 서버에 단순히 데이터를 저장시키는 방식에서 벗어나 데이터의 공유와 확장성 측면을 고려한 클라우드 시스템을 활용하였다. 클라우드내 하드웨어와 통신을 위한 가상 네트워크와 데이터의 수집과 분석을 위한 가상머신을 구성하여 환경제어 시스템을 구축하였다. 하드웨어는 오픈소스를 기반으로 하는 아두이노를 이용하여 온실에서 사용되는 센서를 연결하고 앱 만들기, 관제, 룰 만들기 등의 모듈을 사용하여 손쉽게 프로그램을 구성하였다. 앱 만들기 모듈은 농가가 클라우드 서비스 상에서 확인 등록 가능한 유닛들을 모바일 환경에서 직관적으로 조회 및 제어할 수 있는 애플리케이션 시스템이고, 관제 모듈은 데시보드(DashBoard)로 센싱 데이터를 차트 또는 테이블 표로 조회하도록 하였다. 그리고 사용자가 비주얼 블록(Visual Block) 기반 프로그램으로 다양한 룰을 만들어 실제로 농가에서 직접 값을 조정하고 새로운 기능을 만들 수 있게 함으로서 실용성을 높였다. 또한 딸기 수출국의 농약안전사용기준(PLS)을 제시할 수 있는 정보와 RF 기능을 탑재한 온· 습도센서를 기반으로 딸기의 품질을 확인하며 이동경로를 추적할 수 있어 수입국에 신뢰도 높은 서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 하였다. 딸기 시설재배 농가는 스마트 환경제어 시스템을 구현함으로써 운영상황에 적합하도록 프로그램을 수정·보완할 수 있으며, 농약안전사용(PLS) 기준과 생산 후 유통과정에 대한 정보 취득을 통해 수출딸기에 대한 관리가 체계적으로 이루어질 것이라고 판단된다.

Plant Responses of Biochar Pellet for Development of Carbon Sequestration Technology in Soil

신중두 ( Joungdu Shin ),최용수 ( Yongsu Choi ),이선일 ( Sunil Lee ),홍성창 ( Seongchang Hong ),김명숙 ( Myungsook Kim ),허정욱 ( Jeongwook Heo ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-

Objective of this experiment was to evaluate an effect of lettuce growth to application of biochar pellet in case of development of soil carbon sequestration technology. The treatments were consisted of control as general agricultural practice method, pellet(100% pig compost), biochar pellets with mixture ratio of pig compost(9:1, 8:2, 6:4, 4:6, 2:8) for comparatives of pH, EC, NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations, and yields in the nursery bed applied biochar pellets after lettuce harvesting. The application rates of biochar pellet was 6.6 g/pot regardless of their mixed rates based on recommended amount of application (330 kg/10 a) for lettuce cultivation. For the experimental results, pH in the nursery bed applied different biochar pellets after lettuce harvesting was only increased in the treatment plot of pig compost pellet application, but decreased in 4:6 and 2:8 pellet application plots. However, EC was observed to be not different among the treatments. NH4-N concentration was only increased in the treatment plot of pig compost pellet application, but NO3-N concentrations were decreased as compared to the control. Yields in the treatments of 9:1, 8:2 and 4:6 biochar pellet application plot were increased from 9.5% to 11.4%. Therefore, This biochar pellet application might be useful for soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation in the agricultural farming practices.

EC농도와 배지종류에 따른 파프리카의 생육특성

홍영신(Youngsin Hong),이재수(Jaesu Lee),이상규(Sanggyu Lee),백정현(Jeonghyun Baek),김태현(Taehyun Kim),허정욱(Jeongwook Heo),노시영(Siyoung Rho),최인찬(Inchan Choi),곽강수(Kangsu Kwak),김현종(Hynujong Kim) 한국원예학회 2020 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2020 No.11

스테레오 비전 및 객체 검출기를 이용한 작물 생장 진단 시스템 설계

이재수(Jaesu Lee),홍영신(Youngsin Hong),이상규(Sanggyu Lee),백정현(Jeonghyun Baek),김태현(Taehyun Kim),허정욱(Jeongwook Heo),노시영(Siyoung Rho),최인찬(Inchan Choi),곽강수(Kangsu Kwak),김현종(Hyunjong Kim) 한국원예학회 2020 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2020 No.11

Study on the Natural Light Condensing and Transmission Device for Smart Farm

( Jaesu Lee ),( Youngsin Hong ),( Pyoungwoo Yang ),( Jeonghyun Baek ),( Jiseob Lim ),( Jongwon Park ),( Hyundong Lee ),( Jeongwook Heo ),( Hyunhwan Kim ),( Gookhwan Kim ),( Kilsu Han ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Smart farm (plant factory) technology is evolving into various farms of convergence technology through linkage with bio & IT industry, and urban agriculture. Particularly, it can serve as a key solution to societal issues, such as rural aging, rural migration settlement and rural job creation for young people. However, the level of technology and industrialization of the plant factories in domestic smart farms is still growing. For example, plant factories are centered on production of leaf vegetables due to limited technology to maintain light quality and intensity of artificial light sources. Therefore, it is important to acquire core technology necessary to design an automated system that enhances modeling and industrializing Korean smart farms. In this study, a natural light condensing and transmission device was designed to develop a next-generation light supply system that uses both natural and artificial light. The prototype of the natural light condensing and transmission device consisted of a condenser lens, an optical sensor, a light source tracking device, and an optical fiber. The condenser lens has increased the efficiency of the optical fiber by focusing more natural light on the optical fiber in the form of an aspherical convex lens. The optical sensor maximizes the efficiency of light collection by sensing from the sunrise. The light source tracking device enables more precise tracking of light sources as it uses an optical sensor system. The optical fiber has the highest degree of freedom among optical transmission technologies and it can transmit more than 200 m light sources with a low attenuation rate (0.06%/m). In the future, The spectroscopic measurement of light source and light efficiency (loss rate) will test using a spectrophotometer (FieldSpec 4, ASD Inc., USA) having a measurement range of 350 ~ 2,500 nm.