Evaluation of Relative Density and Friction Angle Based on SPT-N Values

Hassan Mujtaba,Khalid Farooq,Nagaratnam Sivakugan,Braja M. Das 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.22 No.2

This study is an attempt to evaluate relative density and friction angle of sands on the basis of SPT-N values. In order to develop the relationships among relative density (Dr), friction angle (φ ) and SPT-N value, field and laboratory test results from sixty boreholes executed in sandy deposit were used. The field tests include the SPTs conducted in the boreholes and the determination of in-situ density at various depths in the boreholes using the pitcher sampler whereas the laboratory tests include routine classification, direct shear box, maximum and minimum density and specific gravity tests. The SPT-N values were observed to vary between 4 and 100 and the in-situ bulk density of undisturbed samples as recovered through pitcher sampler are in the range of 13.24 ~ 18.44 kN/m3. The soil samples are classified as poorly graded sand (SP), poorly graded sand with silt (SP-SM) and silty sand (SM) on the basis of Unified Soil Classification System. The values of minimum dry unit weight fall in the range of 12.22~14.95 kN/m3 and maximum dry unit weight varies in the range of 14.64~19.17 kN/m3 as obtained through vibratory table. Based on the test results, correlation analysis was performed to identify the parameters that affect relative density. The parameters include SPT-N value corrected for field procedures (N60), relative density (Dr), void ratio range ( ), effective overburden stresses and in-situ dry density (γdf). Based on the results of correlation analyses, it was observed that SPT-N values alone cannot be related to Dr. Therefore, multiple regression analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and relation between relative density, corrected SPT-N value and effective overburden stress is being proposed. The variation between experimental and predicted values falls within ± 10% at 95% confidence interval. Validation of the proposed correlation was also performed by using an independent data set which indicated that the prediction by using the proposed correlation also falls within ± 10%. Further, comparison of the proposed correlation with other similar relationships already available in the literature was also performed. In addition to the above, correlation between φ and SPT-N60 has also been proposed. It has been observed that the experimental and predicted values of friction angle fall within ± 10% with 95% confidence interval. The proposed correlations may be very useful in the field of geotechnical engineering during feasibility/preliminary design stage for rapid estimation of relative density or friction angle based on the field SPT-N60 values.

Sustainable Utilization of Powdered Glass to Improve the Mechanical Behavior of Fat Clay

Hassan Mujtaba,Usama Khalid,Khalid Farooq,Mehboob Elahi,Ziaur Rehman,Hussain Mustafa Shahzad 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.12

Civil engineering infrastructure like roads, bridges, railway tracks, and building structures constructed on fat clay becomes suspicious due to adverse change in the behavior of such soil on interaction with water. To solve such problems especially in underdeveloped countries, application of industrial waste like glass is associated with technical, financial, and environmentalbenefits. Emphasis of current study is to determine the consequences of powdered glass (GC) on mechanical behavior of fat clay. A fat clayey sample was collected from location of Nandipur, and glass was taken from local glass market in powdered form. Samples were remolded at optimum moisture content and maximum dry unit weight by mixing GC up to 14%. Soil classification tests, modified compaction tests, unconfined compression tests, one-dimensional consolidation tests, California bearing ratio (CBR) tests, and scanning electron microscope were performed. With increasing GC, the consistency limits, compression characteristics, swell characteristics, and optimum moisture content decreased while maximum dry unit weight, yield stress, CBR, and unconfined compression strength increased. Influence of GC is also observed on microstructure of treated clay. After 12% GC, aforementioned geotechnical characteristics behave inversely for selected clay. The optimum GC-value for the tested clay is about 12%, however, this value may vary from clay to clay.

Feature Based Techniques for a Driver's Distraction Detection using Supervised Learning Algorithms based on Fixed Monocular Video Camera

( Syed Farooq Ali ),( Malik Tahir Hassan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.8

Most of the accidents occur due to drowsiness while driving, avoiding road signs and due to driver's distraction. Driver's distraction depends on various factors which include talking with passengers while driving, mood disorder, nervousness, anger, over-excitement, anxiety, loud music, illness, fatigue and different driver’s head rotations due to change in yaw, pitch and roll angle. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, a data set is generated for conducting different experiments on driver’s distraction. Secondly, novel approaches are presented that use features based on facial points; especially the features computed using motion vectors and interpolation to detect a special type of driver’s distraction, i.e., driver’s head rotation due to change in yaw angle. These facial points are detected by Active Shape Model (ASM) and Boosted Regression with Markov Networks (BoRMaN). Various types of classifiers are trained and tested on different frames to decide about a driver's distraction. These approaches are also scale invariant. The results show that the approach that uses the novel ideas of motion vectors and interpolation outperforms other approaches in detection of driver’s head rotation. We are able to achieve a percentage accuracy of 98.45 using Neural Network.

Optimization of Sand-Bentonite Mixture for the Stable Engineered Barriers using Desirability Optimization Methodology: A Macro-Micro-Evaluation

Khalid Farooq,Zia ur Rehman,Muqadas Shahzadi,Hassan Mujtaba,Usama Khalid 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.1

In this paper, Desirability Optimization Methodology (DOM) is employed to achieve optimum sand bentonite mixture (SBM) based on multiple antagonist macro-geotechnical responses of the compacted SBM prepared using poorly graded sand with the mean grain size around 0.2 mm and bentonite with plasticity index around 157% for the stable engineered barriers (EBs). For this purpose, varying mix designs of SBM compacted at compaction energy of 2,700 kN-m/m3 are initially tested to determine their mechanical properties, volumetric-change behavior, and hydraulic conductivity. The unconfined compressive strength, cohesion, angle of internal fiction, swell pressure, compression index, and hydraulic conductivity are taken as the geotechnical design parameters for the SBM. Mathematical models are developed and statistically validated for these design parameters using sand content (SC) and bentonite content (BC) as the predictors. In addition, models are also developed to predict compression curves for compacted SBMs. Moreover, microstructural evaluation is conducted through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis to determine the SBM having a desirable microstructure for stable EB. It is observed that a major shift in the microstructure from medium pores to micro-pores occurs for the BC between 20% and 30%. Afterward, optimization of SBM is carried out by integrating developed models for the geotechnical design parameters in a desirability function (D) algorithm, which is subsequently simulated by setting maximization of strength and minimization of swell pressure, compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of compacted SBM as the goals. A reasonably high D-value is achieved for the SBMs having SC:BC in a range of 74:26 to 78:22 with the highest at 75.63:24.37 against the set goals. This study manifests an effective and pragmatic strategy for designing the SBM for a stable EB considering its antagonist hydraulic, volumetric change, and mechanical responses.

Investigation of dust particle removal effi ciency of self-priming venturi scrubber using computational fl uid dynamics

Sarim Ahmed,Hassan Mohsin,Kamran Qureshi,Ajmal Shah,Waseem Siddique,Khalid Waheed,Naseem Irfan,Masroor Ahmad,Amjad Farooq 한국원자력학회 2018 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.50 No.5

A venturi scrubber is an important element of Filtered Containment Venting System (FCVS) for theremoval of aerosols in contaminated air. The present work involves computational fluid dynamics(CFD) study of dust particle removal efficiency of a venturi scrubber operating in self-priming mode usingANSYS CFX. Titanium oxide (TiO2) particles having sizes of 1 micron have been taken as dust particles. CFD methodology to simulate the venturi scrubber has been first developed. The cascade atomizationand breakup (CAB) model has been used to predict deformation of water droplets, whereas the EulerianeLagrangian approach has been used to handle multiphase flow involving air, dust, and water. Thedeveloped methodology has been applied to simulate venturi scrubber geometry taken from the literature. Dust particle removal efficiency has been calculated for forced feed operation of venturi scrubberand found to be in good agreement with the results available in the literature. In the second part, venturiscrubber along with a tank has been modeled in CFX, and transient simulations have been performed tostudy self-priming phenomenon. Self-priming has been observed by plotting the velocity vector fields ofwater. Suction of water in the venturi scrubber occurred due to the difference between static pressure inthe venturi scrubber and the hydrostatic pressure of water inside the tank. Dust particle removal efficiencyhas been calculated for inlet air velocities of 1 m/s and 3 m/s. It has been observed that removalefficiency is higher in case of higher inlet air velocity.

Occurrence and identification of Emeria species in broiler rearing under traditional system

Shamim, Asim,Hassan, Murtaz ul,Yousaf, Arfan,Iqbal, Muhammad Farooq,Zafar, Muhammad Arif,Siddique, Rao Muhammad,Abubakar, Muhammad Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.12

Background: The present study was intended to determine the prevalence and identification of species involved causing coccidiosis in broilers rearing under traditional farming system in Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. For the current study, a convenient sampling technique was carried out. A total of 7814 broilers (aged 1 to 6 weeks) were submitted to the Disease Diagnostic Laboratory of Livestock and Animal husbandry Department Mirpur, Azad Kashmir. Results: From the total screened, 750 were found positive for coccidiosis representing an overall prevalence of 9.59 %. Age-wise highest prevalence (10.88 %) recorded in the middle age birds (0 to 3 week old) were found more susceptible to infection than those aged above 3 weeks. Higher prevalence (12.49 %) of coccidiosis in broilers was observed in spring as compared with 6.60 % in summer season. In this study two main coccidiosis causing species, Emeria tenella and Emeria maxima were identified on the basis of their morphological feature and habitat (caeca and intestine), However, E. tenella was dominant compared to E. maxima. Conclusion: The study provides an insight to the occurrence of Emeria species which must be taken into consideration when rearing the broilers.

Delayed surgical repair of the deltoid following acromioplasty: a case report

Zohaib Sherwani,Chase Kelley,Hassan Farooq,Nickolas G. Garbis 대한견주관절의학회 2022 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Currently, the literature contains few studies that describe any potential complications following arthroscopic acromioplasty. Because part of the anterior deltoid originates from the anterior acromion, there is a risk for violation and subsequent iatrogenic rupture or avulsion during this procedure. This type of injury can be a devastating problem for patients that may lead to poor function and debilitating pain. We present a patient with deltoid insufficiency following arthroscopic acromioplasty who elected to proceed with operative management with a planned arthroscopic evaluation of the shoulder followed by an open deltoid repair. At the final follow-up visit 2.5 years postoperatively, the patient reported improved pain from baseline and no residual disability and was able to perform most activities of daily living without difficulty. This case serves as an example of a surgical repair for a deltoid avulsion following arthroscopic acromioplasty. As there is still a lack of standard guidelines, our suture repair technique can be considered one method of treatment for this type of injury.

RESEARCH : Open Access ; Occurrence and identification of Emeria species in broiler rearing under traditional system

( Asim Shamim ),( Murtaz Ul Hassan ),( Arfan Yousaf ),( Muhammad Farooq Iqbal ),( Muhammad Arif Zafar ),( Rao Muhammad Siddique ),( Muhammad Abubakar ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.41

The present study was intended to determine the prevalence and identification of species involved causing coccidiosis in broilers rearing under traditional farming system in Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. For the current study, a convenient sampling technique was carried out. A total of 7814 broilers (aged 1 to 6 weeks) were submitted to the Disease Diagnostic Laboratory of Livestock and Animal husbandry Department Mirpur, Azad Kashmir. Results: From the total screened, 750 were found positive for coccidiosis representing an overall prevalence of 9.59 %. Age-wise highest prevalence (10.88 %) recorded in the middle age birds (0 to 3 week old) were found more susceptible to infection than those aged above 3 weeks. Higher prevalence (12.49 %) of coccidiosis in broilers was observed in spring as compared with 6.60 % in summer season. In this study two main coccidiosis causing species, Emeria tenella and Emeria maxima were identified on the basis of their morphological feature and habitat (caeca and intestine), However, E. tenella was dominant compared to E. maxima. Conclusion: The study provides an insight to the occurrence of Emeria species which must be taken into consideration when rearing the broilers.

Transitioning from the Posterior Approach to the Direct Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty

( Cameron M. Metzger ),( Hassan Farooq ),( Jacqueline O. Hur ),( John Hur ) 대한고관절학회 2022 Hip and Pelvis Vol.34 No.4

Purpose: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the direct anterior approach (DAA) is known to have a learning curve. The purpose of this study was to review cases where surgery was performed by an arthroplasty surgeon transitioning from the posterior approach (PA) to the DAA. We hypothesized similar complication rates and improvements in surgical duration over time. Materials and Methods: A review of 2,452 consecutive primary THAs was conducted. Surgical duration, length of stay (LOS), surgical complications, decrease in postoperative day (POD) 1 hemoglobin, transfusion rates, POD 0 and POD 1 pain scores, incision length, leg length discrepancy (LLD), and radiographic cup position were recorded. Results: No differences in surgical duration were observed after the first 50 DAA cases. A shorter LOS was observed for the DAA, and statistical difference was appreciated after the first 100 DAA cases. There were no differences in periprosthetic fractures. A higher rate of infections and hip dislocations were observed with the PA. The PA showed an association with higher transfusion rates without significant difference in POD 1 decrease in hemoglobin over the first 100 DAA cases. Similar POD 0 and POD 1 pain scores with a smaller incision were observed for the first 100 DAA cases. The DAA cohort showed less variation in cup inclination, version, and LLD. Conclusion: DAA is safe and non-inferior in terms of reduced LOS, smaller incision, and less variation in cup position. Fifty DAA cases was noted to be the learning curve required before no differences in duration between approaches were observed.

Natural convection in F-shaped cavity filled with Ag-water non-Newtonian nanofluid saturated with a porous medium and subjected to a horizontal periodic magnetic field

Ahmed Kadhim Hussein,Hameed Kadhem Hamzah,Farooq Hassan Ali,Masoud Afrand 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.4

Natural convection in an F-shaped cavity containing Ag-water non-Newtonian nanofluid (NF) saturatedwith a porous medium was investigated numerically. The left wall of the cavity was maintained at a constant hot temperatureand subjected to a horizontal periodic magnetic field. The right wall was maintained at a constant cold temperature. Both the top and bottom walls of the cavity were kept thermally insulated. In the present work, the Hartmannnumber varied as (0Ha60), the power law index varied as (0.6n1.4), the periodic shape parameter varied as(0.11), the Rayleigh number varied as (103Ra106), the aspect ratio of the cavity varied as (0.1AR0.4), theDarcy number varied as (105Da101) and the solid volume fraction varied as (0 0.06). It was found that theaverage Nusselt number (Nu) increases by increasing the (, Da and Ra), whereas it decreases when (n) and (Ha)increase. Furthermore, it was realized that the relationship between the (Nu) and () exhibits a different behaviordepending on the considered values of (Ra) and (n).