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Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for VQ Indices Based on Absolute Difference Trees
( Chin-chen Chang ),( Thai-son Nguyen ),( Chia-chen Lin ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.7
Reversible data hiding is a technique for recovering original images without any distortion after secret data are extracted from the image. The technique continues to attract attention from many researchers. In this paper, we introduce a new reversible data hiding scheme based on the adjacent index differences of vector quantization (VQ) indices. The proposed scheme exploits the differences between two adjacent indices to embed secret data. Experimental results show that our scheme can achieve a lower compression rate than an earlier scheme by Yang and Lin. Our scheme`s average compression rate, 0.44 bpp, outperforms that of Yang and Lin`s scheme, which averages 0.53 bpp. Moreover, the embedding capacity of our scheme can rise to 1.45 bpi, which also is superior to that of Chang et al.`s scheme [35] (1.00 bpi)Yang and Lin`s scheme [27] (0.91 bpi) as well as Chang et al.`s scheme [26] (0.74 bpi).
The Effects of Freeze Drying and Rehydration on Survival of Microorganisms in Kefir
Chen, Hsi-Chia,Lin, Chin-Wen,Chen, Ming-Ju Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1
The purpose of this research was to study the effect of freeze drying on the microorganisms in kefir. Influences of lyoprotectants and rehydrated media (water at $4^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$; 10% reconstituted milk at $4^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$) on the viability of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in freeze-dried kefir were investigated. Kefir was made from cow milk which was inoculated with 5% kefir grains, and incubated at $20^{\circ}C$ for 20 h. Lyoprotectants (galactose, lactose, maltose, sucrose and trehalose) were added independently before dehydration of kefir by freeze drying. Results indicated significant loss in viability of microorganisms in kefir after freeze-drying. Addition of 10% galactose or 10% sucrose as lyoprotectants significantly increased the survival rates of both lactic acid bacteria and yeasts (p<0.05). The $4^{\circ}C$ rehydration temperature showed the best viabilities for yeasts, however, viability was not significantly affected by rehydration media (p>0.05).
Using Kano Model to Explore the Charm of Painting Art Works in the Meaning of Life and Death
Kuo, Chin-Chin,Chen, Chun-Chih,Chia-Hui Huang 한국일러스트레이션학회 2022 일러스트레이션 포럼 Vol.23 No.70
The study of life and death is a learning topic. When we face to the life and death issue, it relates to our own lives. Most people are happy with life, but are full of fear of death. This research uses life and death as an example to explore "the creation of the meaning of life and death in composite media." It is hoped that through the extension of the meaning and images of life and death, the themes and elements of painting creation can be integrated to provide the exploration and thinking direction of the meaning of life. This research hopes to extend the meaning and imagery of life and death and incorporate the creative themes and elements of mixed media, so as to provide a direction for the exploration and thinking of the meaning of life. Applying the Miryoku Engineering Evaluation Grid Method to clarify the relationship between the meaning of life and death, style and perceptual imagery, and through the artistic creation of mixed media, summarize the preferences of mixed media creation works that affect the expression of birth and death images. Using the Evaluation Grid Method, 7 people with high involvement in the creation of mixed media and the imagery of life and death were conducted in-depth interviews on the charm and feelings of the meaning of life and death. By summarizing the attractiveness factors of choosing between life and death, the conclusion can be used as a basis for the development of future painting creation after subsequent verification and research on the purpose of life, the meaning of life, the value of survival, and the true meaning of death.
Combined Assessment of Serum Alpha-Synuclein and Rab35 is a Better Biomarker for Parkinson’s Disease
Hung-Li Wang,Chin-Song Lu,Tu-Hsueh Yeh,Yu-Ming Shen,Yi-Hsin Weng,Ying-Zu Huang,Rou-Shayn Chen,Yu-Chuan Liu,Yi-Chuan Cheng,Hsiu-Chen Chang,Ying-Ling Chen,Yu-Jie Chen,Yan-Wei Lin,Chia Chen Hsu,Huang-Li 대한신경과학회 2019 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.15 No.4
Background and Purpose It is essential to develop a reliable predictive serum biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Te accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) and up-regulated expression of Rab35 participate in the etiology of PD. Te purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the combined assessment of serum αSyn and Rab35 is a useful predictive biomarker for PD. Methods Serum levels of αSyn or Rab35 were determined in serum samples from 59 sporadic PD patients, 19 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients, 20 multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients, and 60 normal controls (NC). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were calculated to determine the diagnostic accuracy of αSyn or/and Rab35 in discriminating PD patients from NC or atypical parkinsonian patients. Results The levels of αSyn and Rab35 were increased in PD patients. The serum level of Rab35 was positively correlated with that of αSyn in PD patients. Compared to analyzing αSyn or Rab35 alone, the combined analysis of αSyn and Rab35 produced a larger area under the ROC curve and performed better in discriminating PD patients from NC, MSA patients, or PSP patients. When age was dichotomized at 55, 60, 65, or 70 years, the combined assessment of αSyn and Rab35 for classifying PD was better in the group below the cutof age than in the group above the cutof age. Conclusions Combined assessment of serum αSyn and Rab35 is a better biomarker for discriminating PD patients from NC or atypical parkinsonian patients, and is a useful predictive biomarker for younger sporadic PD patients.
A Friendly Password Mutual Authentication Scheme for Remote-Login Network Systems
Chin-Chen Chang,Chia-Yin Lee 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.3 No.1
In 2000, Sun proposed a user authentication scheme without using a password table but the user’s password is assigned by the server. Due to this reason, Wu and Chieu proposed an improved scheme to overcome the drawback in 2003. Their scheme provides users to choose and change passwords freely. However, Yang and Wang has presented the possible attacks on Wu-Chieu scheme in 2004. In this article, we proposed an efficient scheme to avoid the weakness of Wu-Chieu scheme. Besides, our scheme provides the feature of mutual authentication between the user and the server.
Chin-Sheng Huang,Su-Wen Kuo,Chia-Cheng Chen 한국증권학회 2010 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.39 No.4
The minimum price variation on the Taiwan Stock Exchange reduced for most price categories on March 1, 2005. The present paper simultaneously examines the institutional and endogenous impacts of tick size changes on transaction costs, market liquidity, and trading activity. The empirical evidence suggests that following a reduction in tick size, uniform declines are discernible in transaction costs and market liquidity. In particular, those stocks with a larger relative tick size reduction, higher trading volume, and higher order handling cost components have greater reductions in spread and market depth. Moreover, endogenous tick size reductions have an adverse effect on the trading activity for low-price stocks, due to the relative disadvantage in explicit transaction costs. Finally, the present study observes a general diminution in trade size resulting from a reduction in tick size in the Taiwan Stock Exchange. This study attributes plausible rationales to the fact that after tick size reductions, informed traders employ a smaller trade size to hide private information, or front-runners place a smaller trade size to avoid market turbulence.
( Chia Chin Liu ),( Jeng Woei Lee ),( Tso Tsai Liu ),( Chih Hsun Yi ),( Chien Lin Chen ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.3
Background/Aims Detailed characterization of the ultrastructural morphology of intercellular space in gastroesophageal reflux disease has not been fully studied. We aimed to investigate whether subtle alteration in intercellular space structure and tight junction proteins might differ among patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Methods Esophageal biopsies at 5 cm above the gastroesophageal junction were obtained from 6 asymptomatic controls, 10 patients with reflux symptoms but without erosions, and 18 patients with erosions. The biopsies were morphologically evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, and by using immunohistochemistry for tight junction proteins (claudin-1 and claudin-2 proteins). Results The expressions of tight junction proteins did not differ between asymptomatic controls and gastroesophageal reflux disease patients. In patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, altered desmosomal junction morphology was only found in upper stratified squamous epithelium. Dilated intercellular space occurred only in upper stratified squamous epithelium and in patients with erosive esophagitis.Conclusions This study suggests that dilated intercellular space may not be uniformly present inside the esophageal mucosa and predom - inantly it is located in upper squamous epithelium. Presence of desmosomal junction alterations is associated with increased severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Besides dilated intercellular space, subtle changes in ultrastructural morphology of intercellular space allow better identification of inflamed esophageal mucosa relevant to acid reflux. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 19:324-331)
Chin-Chia Liang,Ming-Yung Chen,Cheng-Hua Yang 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2015 Global economic review Vol.44 No.3
Using a data-set from the ASEAN-5 countries over the January 2000–August 2013 period, this paper revisits the Granger causal nexus between the equity and foreign exchange markets by employing the bootstrap panel Granger causality approach developed by Kònya, which allows for both cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity across countries. The results indicate a unidirectional causality from stock prices to exchange rates in Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand and from exchange rates to stock prices in Indonesia. These findings have important implications for policy-makers and institutional investors who should rigidly monitor the dynamic linkages between stock price and exchange rate movements across the ASEAN-5 financial markets when making policy decisions and investing in these countries.
Constructing a Conversation Key in Three-Party Communications Environment
Chin-Chen Chang,Yu-Wei Su,Chia-Yin Lee 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.3 No.1
This article proposes an efficient, less communication rounds, three-party encrypted key exchange protocol to achieve the authentication requirement. The protocol is provided with (1) no asymmetric encryption algorithm which is adopted to reduce the costs (such as any public-key infrastructure); (2) using pre-shared key to prevent adversaries that masquerade as legal users after guessing attacks; (3) avoiding the variant man-in-the-middle attacks on Diffie-Hellman based protocols; (4) achieving mutual authentication. With these four features, the proposed protocol is suitable for being applied for establishing secure channels between two clients, which are supported with the same trusted server.