A Study on Recycling Process of Salt Flux from Aluminum Black Dross

( Byoungyong Im ),( Yubin Kang ),( Chan Gi Lee ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Hyun-woo Shim ),( Dae Guen Kim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

Casting process is of important manufacturing routes for aluminum products that are used in the various industrial fields such as automobiles, electronics, and constructions. In this process, magnesium (Mg), which has the high oxidizing properties, is added as alloying element and thus some oxides can be caused. In order to obtain the enhanced recovery rate and purity of aluminum, it is essential to control the amount of oxides and inclusions (i.e., dross) during the melting process. Salt flux is put into the molten metal to prevent the generation of oxides and trap inclusions. At this time, substance generated at the surface of the molten metal is called black dross. In Korea, about 300,000 tons of aluminum dross are generated annually and about 60,000 tons are landfilled. In particular, the black dross generated from the recycling of aluminum cans is about 20,000 tons. However, the landfilled black dross contains a large amount of resources such as metals, oxides and salt fluxes, which are necessary to recycle. Herein, we report a separation and recovery of the salt flux from black dross. The used black dross is a spherical shape with approximately 2 cm in diameter and contains not only 50 wt.% of metals and oxides such as Mg, Al, MgO and Al2O3, but also 50 wt.% of flux such as NaCl and KCl. For separation and recovery of metals, oxides and salt flux, the black dross was treated along with a pulverization, dissolution, solid-liquid separation, and distillation techniques. Experiments were carried out to find the optimum conditions for each technique. The components were evaluated by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma), XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) and XRD (X-ray Diffraction and Scattering) analysis, and water content was determined by TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis). Black dross pulverized by cut mill is suitable in dissolution and solid-liquid separation (filter press), because the efficiency depends on a particle size. Furthermore, the distillation rate was the highest value at pressure (-0.04 MPa) and temperature (80 oC). When applied above, we can confirm that the recovery rate of salt flux from black dross is to be 97.99%.

Influence of additives upon Cu thin film growth on atomic-layer-deposited Ru layer and trench-filling by direct electrodeposition

Im, Byoungyong,Kim, Sunjung,Kim, Soo-Hyun Elsevier 2017 THIN SOLID FILMS - Vol.636 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Cu was electrodeposited directly on a 3-nm-thick atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) Ru diffusion barrier layer in Cu-citrate-based electrolytes for Cu interconnect. The nucleation and growth behavior of Cu thin films on the ALD Ru was compared between an additive-free electrolyte and a polyethylene glycol (PEG)/janus green B (JGB)-added electrolyte. The suppression effect of additives in the PEG/JGB-added electrolyte led to lower Cu deposition rate. It was accordingly responsible for the growth of thin and uniform Cu films from smaller Cu nuclei of higher area density. In consequence, Cu filling of 30-nm-wide and 120-nm-deep trenches coated by the 3-nm-thick ALD Ru layer was much improved in the PEG/JGB-added electrolyte compared with the additive-free electrolyte.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Seedless Cu electrodeposition on atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) Ru diffusion barrier. </LI> <LI> Effect of additives on the surface morphology evolution of Cu thin films. </LI> <LI> Nucleation and growth study of Cu thin films on the ALD Ru layer. </LI> <LI> Cu filling of 30-nm-wide and 120-nm-deep trenches coated by the ALD Ru layer. </LI> </UL> </P>

Surface Morphology Evolution of Cu Thin Films Electrodeposited Directly on Ti Diffusion Barrier in Citric Acid

Im, Byoungyong,Kim, Sunjung The Electrochemical Society 2015 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.162 No.10

폐 갈분을 이용한 친환경 합성목재 성형을 위한 원료 배합 기술 개발 및 특성 평가

임병용(Byoungyong Im),이찬기(Chan Gi Lee),박경수(Kyung-Soo Park),유희룡(Hee Lyong Ryu),강이승(Leeseung Kang) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2016 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Wood plastic composite (WPC) has attracted increasing research attention because they can be substitute for the materials in various residential construction industry and furniture industry due to the environmentally friendly and economical feasibility. In this work, ecofriendly WPC was developed using waste reed flour prepared by melt-mixing and compression molding. Effect of compatibilizer contents, mixing ratio of polymer metrics for WPC was investigated by measuring mechanical properties, morphology and water absorption. The mixing ratio of 1:3 for LDPE:Homo PP with 6-7 wt% compatibilizer has high strength and good moldability because of low porosity in WPC body and good dispersity of reed flour in polymer metrics.

폐디스플레이 해제/분리 자동화 시스템 개발 연구

임병용 ( Byoungyong Im ),김세열 ( Seyul Kim ),안낙균 ( Nak-kyoon Ahn ),홍명환 ( Myung Hwan Hong ),박재량 ( Jae Layng Park ),이찬기 ( Chan Gi Lee ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2017 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

현재 국내 디스플레이 생산과 수요의 꾸준한 증가 추세와 전자 제품의 짧은 순환주기를 고려하였을 때 향후 폐디스플레이의 발생량은 급증할 것으로 예측 되며, 2020년에 약 75만 t이 발생할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 하지만, 국내 폐디스플레이 재활용 기술은 선진국에 비해 매우 미비하며, 대부분 수작업을 통해 금속류만 회수하여 재활용 하고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 제조사에 따라 디스플레이의 부품 구성 및 설계가 다양하여 해체·분리에 가장 많은 시간이 소비되며, 이는 작업 효율 감소 문제로 이어지게 된다. 본 연구에서는 폐디스플레이 재활용 공정효율 향상을 위한 체계적인 폐디스플레이 해체·분리 시스템을 구축하고자 하였으며, 개발 시스템은 오토 로딩 시스템, 스마트 비전 인식 시스템, 폐디스플레이 해체·분리 시스템, CCFL 자동무인화 처리 시스템으로 구성된다. 오토 로딩 시스템의 경우 기존 수작업에 의존하던 폐디스플레이 적재작업을 자동화함으로써 작업자의 작업 환경을 개선함과 동시에 공정의 효율을 증대 시키는 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 스마트 비전 인식 시스템의 경우 작업자의 경험에 의존한 다양한 폐디스플레이의 해체·분리 공정을 개선하기 위해 도입하였으며, 작업자에게 페디스플레이가 공급되기 전 자동으로 폐디스플레이의 정보를 확인하고 작업자에게 해체작업 정보를 제공함으로써 작업자의 경험차이에서 발생되는 문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 또한, 기존에 한명의 작업자가 하나의 폐디스플레이 전체를 해체·분리하는 방식을 다수의 작업대를 설계하여 세분화 및 단순화 하였으며, 작업자 간의 폐디스플레의 이송이 원활하도록 병렬구조 이송 라인 설계 등 작업 효율 증대를 위한 해체·분리 작업 시스템을 개발 하였다. 마지막으로 기존 수작업 공정에서 작업자에게 수은과 같은 유해물질을 직접적으로 노출시키는 CCFL 처리 공정은 무인 자동화함으로써 수은으로 인한 문제를 해결하였다. 이렇게 개발된 시스템은 기존에 수작업만을 사용했던 공정에 자동화 시스템을 적용함으로써 작업 효율 증대, 작업 환경 개선 등의 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

MOCVD dust로부터 Ga 금속 회수를 위한 전해채취 연구

임병용(Byoungyong Im),이지은(Jieun Lee),이찬기(Chan Gi Lee),엄성현(Sunghyun Uhm),박경수(Kyung-Soo Park),심종길(Jong-Gil Shim),박정진(Jeung-Jin Park) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2016 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Recovery of Ga from highly crystalline GaN of MOCVD dust by hydro-metallurgical has been investigated. Because of high crystallinity, the GaN is highly stable in the MOCVD dust, which is extremely difficult to leach out the Ga by ordinary acidic or alkaline media. For easier leaching, GaN was converted to leachable NaGaCO₂ by a solid-solid reaction between GaN-Na₂CO₃ through heat treatment at 800 °C. The heat treated materials was leached using 4 M HCl with a pulp density of 100 g/L at 70 °C. Above 99% of leaching efficiency was achieved using 4 M HCl. Followed by electrowinning was applied for recovery of Ga from leach solutions. Electrowinning reveals that, Faradic efficiency was increased with increasing pH. Ga with 97% purity can be obtained at all pH ranges (pH 0.5-2). In the electrowinning of Ga from HCl media under investigated condition, the purity of recovered Ga is independent of leach solution pH.

Synthesis of Na-P1 and Analcime-typed Zeolite from Waste Resources

( Yubin Kang ),( Byoungyong Im ),( Jin-ho Yoon ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Hyun-woo Shim ),( Basudev Swain ),( Chan Gi Lee ),( Dae Guen Kim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

Zeolite is a functional ceramic material having a versatile physiochemical properties and thus has attracted great interest as one of the most classes of environmental fields, for example catalyst, adsorbent and ion exchanger. In recent, it has been known that zeolite has an excellent effect on dehumidification and odor removal. Zeolites are theoretically known to have millions of crystal structures and generally exist in the form of aluminum and silicon polymerized with hydroxyl groups. Therefore, if some waste resources contain aluminum or silicon, they can be considered as candidates of a raw material for synthesis of zeolite. However, the preparation of zeolite along with waste resources is still challenging. In this study, Na-P1 zeolite and analcime-typed zeolite, which are mainly used as heavy metal ion exchangers, were synthesized using waste resources. The aluminum black dross (Al resource) and waste glass powder (Si resource) were used as raw materials of waste resources, which can be generated from the aluminum melting process and the waste LCD panel, respectively. To remove impurities of both raw materials, the acid treatment was carried out with 1 M hydrochloric acid for 2 hrs, and then were pulverized by oscillation mill. The obtained powder was used as a raw material for zeolite synthesis. Here, we applied to hydrothermal process for zeolite synthesis. With control of experimental parameters such as raw material ratio (aluminum black dross : waste glass powder), reaction temperature, and reaction time, it was confirmed that Na-P1 zeolite and analcime-typed zeolite were synthesized and optimum condition for selective synthesis of zeolite was also suggested.

Reflectance Characteristics of Al Alloys Containing Si, Mg, Cu, and Lanthanide (Nd, Sm, Gd) for 3D Printing

최광묵,Dae Guen Kim,Byoungyong Im,Hong Jun Chae 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

To fabricate a low-refl ectance aluminum alloy, we have analyzed the changes in refl ectance according to the morphology,components, and composition of the aluminum alloy. We fi nd that the larger the particle size of the powder, the lower is therefl ectance. This is attributed to the fact that the larger the particle size, the greater is the amount of light absorbed into theinterparticle space in the powder. In addition, the refl ectance decreases with increase in the Si and Mg contents, because ofthe lower refl ectance of the strengthening phase formed in the alloy as compared to that of aluminum. In contrast, lanthanideaddition causes an increase in the refl ectance, which is attributed to an increase in the electrical conductivity of the alloy.

Effect of Joule-Heating Treatment on the Microstructure and Physical Properties of 16-Stranded Compressed Copper Wires

Jin-Ju Choi,Byoungyong Im,Yubin Kang,Dae-Geun Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.59 No.11

Compressed wires are produced by cross-sectionally compressing stranded conductors, which results in a smaller conductor diameter. This also leads to a lower weight wire, because a thinner external insulated coating can be used, compared to the low-voltage wires typically used in automobiles. However, a post production heat treatment of the compressed wires is required because plastic deformation occurs during compression after drawing the wires. In this study, the work hardening of stranded compressed copper wires was controlled by Joule-heating, and the resulting changes in microstructure, mechanical, and electrical properties after various annealing voltages (0, 25, 27, 31, 35, and 39 V) were observed. The results confirmed that as the annealing voltage increased from 0 to 31 V, the anisotropic deformation texture with a <111> orientation as the main component was reduced, and micrograins were generated throughout the stranded wires via recrystallization. At an annealing voltage above 31 V, the grains grew to be more than twice as large as those before heat treatment. At an annealing voltage of 31 V these structural changes contribute to the elongation increase of the compressed wires to 28.34%, and an improvement in electrical resistance to 145.85 mΩ.

A Research on Synthesizing Lithium Hydroxide Nanoparticles using Recovered Lithium Carbonate from Battery Spent by Double Precipitation Method

( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Byoungyong Im ),( Yubin Kang ),( Chan Gi Lee ),( Hyun-woo Shim ),( Dae-guen Kim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

High-purity Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is used in many areas such as catalysts, carbon dioxide absorber and especially as lithium ion batteries. Various methods have been studied to synthesize LiOH, among those, ion exchange and electrolysis methods are commonly used. However, precursor conversion efficiency into LiOH using lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) is somewhat as low as under 60% due to its low solubility of Li₂CO₃ in water as reported in papers, showed mixed phase with Li₂CO₃ and LiOH coexisting in one solution. Due to its low solubility and conversion efficiency, even the precursor ratio precisely controlled, Li₂CO₃ powders still remained. To overcome these problems, double precipitation method has been adopted. Specific ratio of precursor, which is 1 : 2 was chosen and the hydroxyl containing precursor was divided into half. First precursor ratio of 1 : 1 was reacted for 90 min at solution temperature of 90oC and filtered to removed precipitates. After the filtration, half of its hydroxyl precursor was put into filtered solution and reacted with equal condition. After double reaction, precipitated powder was filtered and the solution was evaporated at solution temperature of 80℃ until the white powder emerged. Through this method, we could synthesize powder with pure LiOH-H₂O phase, 20 ~ 100 nm sized particles and 99.18% Li purity.