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Scavenger Receptor Class A to E Involved in Various Cancers
류순효,Amanda Howland,Brendon Song,윤차경,Peter I Song 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2020 전남의대학술지 Vol.56 No.1
Scavenger receptors typically bind to multiple ligands on a cell surface, including endogenous and modified host-derived molecules and microbial pathogens. They promote the elimination of degraded or harmful substances such as non-self or altered-self targets through endocytosis, phagocytosis, and adhesion. Currently, scavenger receptors are subdivided into eight classes based on several variations in their sequences due to alternative splicing. Since recent studies indicate targeting scavenger receptors has been involved in cancer prognosis and carcinogenesis, we will focus on the current knowledge about the emerging role of scavenger receptor classes A to E in cancer progression.
Melanoma Cell Death Mechanisms
Lindsey Broussard,Amanda Howland,류순효,Kyungsup Song,David Norris,Cheryl A. Armstrong,Peter I Song 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2018 전남의대학술지 Vol.54 No.3
Over recent years, several new molecular and immunogenic therapeutic approaches to melanoma treatment have been approved and implemented in clinical practice. Mechanisms of resistance to these new therapies have become a major problem. Mutation-specific pharmacotherapy can result in simultaneous emergence of resistant clones at many separate body sites despite an initially positive therapeutic response. Additionally, treatments aimed at inducing apoptosis are subject to resistance due to escape through other known mechanisms of regulated cell death (RCD). In this review, we discuss the complexity in pharmacological manipulation of melanoma with c-Kit, BRAF, MEK, and/or mTOR mutant cell lines. This study also addresses melanoma evasion of cell death through modalities of RCD such as apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. This study also examines new combination therapies which have been approved to target both cell cycle dysregulation and cell death pathways. Lastly, we recognize the importance of immunomodulation though manipulation of the body’s natural killing mechanisms with CTLA4, PD1, and CSF1 inhibition. As we begin to recognize tumor cell activation of alternate pathways, evasion of programmed cell death, and manipulation of the tumor microenvironment, it is increasingly important to grasp the complexity of personalized therapy in melanoma treatment.
Therapeutic Inhibitors against Mutated BRAF and MEK for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma
류순효,윤차경,문애란,Amanda Howland,Cheryl A. Armstrong,Peter I Song 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2017 전남의대학술지 Vol.53 No.3
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers in the world and is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Recent advances in the field of immunotherapy using active, adoptive, and antigen-specific therapeutic approaches, have generated the expectation that these technologies have the potential to improve the treatment of advanced malignancies, including melanoma. Treatment options for metastatic melanoma patients have been dramatically improved by the FDA approval of new therapeutic agents including vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and sorafenib. These kinase inhibitors have the potential to work in tandem with MEK, PI3K/AKT, and mTOR to inhibit the activity of melanoma inducing BRAF mutations. This review summarizes the effects of the new therapeutic agents against melanoma and the underlying biology of these BRAF inhibitors.
Hill, Sarah C.,Lee, Youn-Jeong,Song, Byung-Min,Kang, Hyun-Mi,Lee, Eun-Kyoung,Hanna, Amanda,Gilbert, Marius,Brown, Ian H.,Pybus, Oliver G. Elsevier Science 2015 INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol.34 No.-
<▼1><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Phylogeographic analyses of H5N8, including 49 new sequences from South Korea.</P>•<P>H5N8 movement was mostly among areas dense in wild and domestic ducks.</P>•<P>New viral introductions to South Korea occurred at time of wild bird migration.</P>•<P>H5N8 epidemiology is shaped by wild waterfowl migration and domestic duck density.</P>•<P>H5N8 may have entered Europe at least twice, and Asia at least three times.</P></P></▼1><▼2><P>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses threaten human and animal health yet their emergence is poorly understood, partly because sampling of the HPAI Asian-origin H5N1 lineage immediately after its identification in 1996 was comparatively sparse. The discovery of a novel H5N8 virus in 2013 provides a new opportunity to investigate HPAI emergence in greater detail. Here we investigate the origin and transmission of H5N8 in the Republic of Korea, the second country to report the new strain. We reconstruct viral spread using phylogeographic methods and interpret the results in the context of ecological data on poultry density, overwintering wild bird numbers, and bird migration patterns. Our results indicate that wild waterfowl migration and domestic duck density were important to H5N8 epidemiology. Specifically, we infer that H5N8 entered the Republic of Korea via Jeonbuk province, then spread rapidly among western provinces where densities of overwintering waterfowl and domestic ducks are higher, yet rarely persisted in eastern regions. The common ancestor of H5N8 in the Republic of Korea was estimated to have arrived during the peak of inward migration of overwintering birds. Recent virus isolations likely represent re-introductions via bird migration from an as-yet unsampled reservoir. Based on the limited data from outside the Republic of Korea, our data suggest that H5N8 may have entered Europe at least twice, and Asia at least three times from this reservoir, most likely carried by wild migrating birds.</P></▼2>
A Tetra(Ethylene Glycol) Derivative of Benzothiazole Aniline Enhances Ras-Mediated Spinogenesis
Megill, Andrea,Lee, Taehee,DiBattista, Amanda Marie,Song, Jung Min,Spitzer, Matthew H.,Rubinshtein, Mark,Habib, Lila K.,Capule, Christina C.,Mayer, Michael,Turner, R. Scott,Kirkwood, Alfredo,Yang, Jer Society for Neuroscience 2013 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.33 No.22
<P>The tetra(ethylene glycol) derivative of benzothiazole aniline, BTA-EG<SUB>4</SUB>, is a novel amyloid-binding small molecule that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier and protect cells from Aβ-induced toxicity. However, the effects of Aβ-targeting molecules on other cellular processes, including those that modulate synaptic plasticity, remain unknown. We report here that BTA-EG<SUB>4</SUB> decreases Aβ levels, alters cell surface expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and improves memory in wild-type mice. Interestingly, the BTA-EG<SUB>4</SUB>-mediated behavioral improvement is not correlated with LTP, but with increased spinogenesis. The higher dendritic spine density reflects an increase in the number of functional synapses as determined by increased miniature EPSC (mEPSC) frequency without changes in presynaptic parameters or postsynaptic mEPSC amplitude. Additionally, BTA-EG<SUB>4</SUB> requires APP to regulate dendritic spine density through a Ras signaling-dependent mechanism. Thus, BTA-EG<SUB>4</SUB> may provide broad therapeutic benefits for improving neuronal and cognitive function, and may have implications in neurodegenerative disease therapy.</P>
( Laura Porterfield ),( Nyajuok Wur ),( Zuleica Santiago Delgado ),( Farha Syed ),( Amanda Song ),( Susan C. Weller ) 대한폐경학회 2022 대한폐경학회지 Vol.28 No.1
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause significantly affects the quality of life in postmenopausal women with few evidence-based alternatives to vaginal estrogen for women with contraindications. This systematic review evaluates the evidence for vaginal vitamin E efficacy in reducing patient-reported genitourinary symptoms in healthy postmenopausal women compared to placebo or vaginal control therapy. This systematic review evaluated randomized controlled trials before October 2020 that assessed the efficacy of vitamin E vaginal suppositories in reducing genitourinary symptoms in postmenopausal women compared with a control group of healthy postmenopausal women. Outcomes included patient-perceived genitourinary symptoms. Of the 31 studies, four met the inclusion criteria. One 8-week trial (n = 42) found a significant reduction in vaginal symptoms in the 1 mg vitamin E group than the placebo group (difference in means, 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4 to 6.2). Another 8-week trial (n = 40) found 5 mg vaginal hyaluronic acid superior to 1 mg vitamin E (difference in means -0.50, 95% CI, -0.95 to -0.05). Two 12-week trials (n = 52 in each) found no difference between 0.5 g vaginal estrogen and 100 IU vaginal vitamin E in healthy postmenopausal women (difference in means: -0.19, 95% CI, -4.4 to 4.0, and -3.47, 95% CI, -13.8 to 6.8). Evidence from small, limited studies suggests that vaginal vitamin E may be effective in alleviating symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause; however, additional high-quality studies are needed to determine efficacy, ideal dosing, and long-term safety.