북한 선교의 장,단기 전략

손정훈 장로회신학대학교 신학대학원 2000 국내석사

意思疏通能力이 職務滿足 및 組織沒入에 미치는 影響에 관한 實證的 硏究

손정훈 영남대학교 경영대학원 2003 국내석사

자동차정비 도장공정 및 인쇄업 종사자의 유기용제에 대한 노출 특성분석

손정훈 울산대학교 2009 국내석사

본 연구는 울산에서 다량의 휘발성 유기화합물을 배출하는 자동차정비공업사의 도장공정 및 인쇄업에 종사하는 작업자들이 노출되는 유기용제의 화학적 성분 및 노출농도를 평가하고, 유기용제의 대표적인 물질인 톨루엔과 그 대사물질인 마뇨산과의 상관관계를 살펴 보고자 한다. 또한 설문조사를 통해 현장의 작업환경 및 작업자가 느끼는 자각증상, 건강상태 등에 대한 작업환경실태를 알아보고 이를 종합하여 작업환경개선 및 근로자들의 건강상태에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 시료 채취는 2006년부터 2008년까지 울산지역의 27개사 자동차정비공업사 및 6개사 소규모 인쇄소에서 3년간 작업환경측정을 실시하여 각각 시료수 139개, 26개를 채취하였다. 시료의 채취는 일반 작업자들의 주 활동시간에 맞추어 오전 9시 이후부터 오후 5시 이전까지 6시간 이상 측정을 원칙으로 하였다. 작업자의 호흡 영역을 중심으로 장치의 흡입구를 호흡과 근접한 위치에 부착하고 시료를 채취한 후 가스크로마토그래피(GC)로 분석하였다. 유기용제의 대표적인 성분으로 톨루엔의 대사물질인 마뇨산은 2006년부터 2008년까지 자동차정비도장 및 인쇄업종에 종사하는 작업자에 대한 특수건강진단에서 뇨중 샘플을 채취하여 고속액체크로마토그래피(HPLC)로 분석하였다. 설문조사는 울산지역내 30개사 자동차정비공업사에서 도장작업자 70명과 6개사 소규모 인쇄소에 종사하는 작업자 10명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 작업자들에 대한 설문조사에서 물질안전보건자료(MSDS)제도와 관련하여, 조사대상 작업자 전체의 과반수이상이 물질안전보건자료에 대한 교육을 받지 못한 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 지속적인 관계기관(노동부, 산업안전공단 등)의 점검 및 관리가 필요함을 나타낸다. 인쇄업 종사자들이 현장에서 방독마스크 착용률은 40%, 보호구 착용지시표지판 부착율도 50%로 낮게 나타났다. 그러나 자동차정비도장공정 종사자들의 경우 각각 97%, 83%로 나타나 인쇄업 종사자보다는 작업자 노출방지나 안전의식이 높았다. 그러므로 인쇄업 종사자들에 대한 적절한 개인보호구 착용이 생활화 될 수 있도록 지속적인 관리 및 안전보건교육을 강화하여야 할 것이며, 현장에 작업자가 인지 할 수 있도록 방독마스크 착용지시표지판을 부착하여야 할 것으로 보인다. 자동차정비도장에서 국소배기장치 가동 후 작업 한다는 의견이 96%, 인쇄업종의 경우 0%로 나타났다. 특히, 인쇄업종에 종사하는 작업자들은 자연환기에 의존한다는 경우가 많았다. 유기용제 취급 시 어려운 점으로는 자동차정비도장(53%) 및 인쇄업(40%)에 종사하는 작업자들은 취급시 냄새, 건강상 문제를, 작업 중 나타나거나 느끼는 증상으로 피곤함, 두통을 많이 호소하였고 대부분 복합적인 증상으로 나타났다. 인쇄업 및 자동차정비도장공정에서 BTEXS 계열의 검출빈도가 가장 높게 나타났으며 단일물질 중에서는 Toluene 의 검출빈도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 자동차정비도장공정 작업자들에 대한 화학적 조성별 산술평균으로 나타낸 노출농도의 합이 높은 순서를 보면 BTEXS 계열이 30% 인쇄업에서는 Alcohol 계열이 전체의 76%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 자동차정비도장공정에 종사하는 근로자는 화학적 조성별 산술평균농도에서 Chlorinated Compounds, Ketone 계열, Acetate 계열에서 인쇄업종에 종사하는 근로자보다 높게 검출되었다. 한편, 인쇄업종에 종사하는 근로자는 자동차정비도장공정에서 화학적 조성별 산술평균노출농도에서 가장 높은 농도를 나타낸 BTEXS 계열과 Alcohol 계열, Alkane 계열에서 자동차정비도장공정 작업자들보다 높게 검출되었다. 작업자의 노출농도에 대한 유기용제 성분별 산술평균농도가 높은 순서대로 나열하면 자동차정비도장공정에서는 Toluene 1.484±1.925 ppm, Xylene 1.371±1.973 ppm, Acetone 0.966±1.213 ppm 순으로 나타났고, 인쇄업종에서는 Isopropyl alcohol 29.659±1.949 ppm, Toluene 3.157±3.675 ppm, n-Pentane 1.203±1.949 ppm 순으로 나타났다. 유기용제 단일성분으로 Benzene, Ethylene glycol mono methyl ether acetate 의 경우 각각 0.132 ppm, 0.13±0.059 ppm 으로 나타났다. 이것은 노출기준이 각각 1 ppm, 5 ppm 으로 다른 물질에 비해 낮은 기준치를 나타낸다. 즉 노출기준이 낮은 유기용제는 인체에 미치는 영향이 크므로 취급 시에는 물질의 대치(Substitution) 및 격리(Isolation), 밀폐(Enclosure), 국소배기장치(local exhaust ventilation) 등의 공학적 대책(engineering controls)이 수반되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 유기용제 취급자의 톨루엔 노출농도에 따른 마뇨산과의 직접적인 연관성은 낮게 나타났다. 이것은 작업자가 톨루엔에 노출된 평균농도가 자동차정비도장에서는 1.458±2.328 ppm, 인쇄업에서 2.332±2.359 ppm으로 산업안전보건법에서 규정한 기준치인 50 ppm에 비해 매우 낮은 농도로 검출되었기 때문에 생체대사물질로의 영향을 확인하기가 어려웠다. This study estimated chemical composition and exposure level to organic solvents among workers at painting process department of auto-repair shops (PDA) and printing shops for publication (PSP) which have been emitted a great deal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). This study also investigated the correlation between toluene (representative organic solvents) and its metabolic material, hippuric acid. The author collected 139 personal exposure samples from work environment from auto-repair shops and 26 ones from printing shops in Ulsan metropolitan city from 2006 until 2008. The sampling was conducted on workers’ breathing zones during the general employers’ work hour periods, from 9 AM to 5 PM. The collected air samples for VOCs were analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The samples of hippuric acid, metabolic material of toluene, were obtained from the urine test samples of the workers who is required special health examination among employers working at the PDA and PSP. The hippuric acid was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The survey investigation of work conditions, symptoms, and personal habits for the workers was conducted with 70 workers from the printing process department in 30 auto-repair shops and 10 workers in 6 small printing shops in Ulsan metropolitan city. More than half of the survey participants said that they have never learned Material Safety Date Sheets (MSDS). This result represents there is need of continual check, management, and monitoring by the responsible organizations such as the ministry of labor and the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA). The rate of wearing a gas mask among the PSP workers was about 40% and the attachment rate of a sign encouraging workers to wear protective gear, which is a mandatory requirement, was around 50% which was a much lower rate. However, the rates among the PDA workers were approximately 97% and 83%, respectively. It represented that the PDA workers knew protection for exposure to organic solvents and safety awareness better than the PSP workers. Thus the workers in the printing shops should make a habit of wearing personal protective gear through continual management and education of safety and health. In the survey investigation, the rate their work is conducted after operating local exhaust ventilation among the workers in the PDA and PSP was about 96% and 0%, respectively. In particular, only natural ventilation was conducted in most of the printing shops depended on. 53% of the workers in the PDA and 40% of the workers in the PSP reported that they felt bad smell and had health problems such as tiredness and headache, which is generally caused by chemical exposure while dealing with organic solvents. The detection frequency of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEXS) in the PDA and PSP was high and toluene was the prominent chemical among them. Concerning the arithmetic mean of chemicals identified from the workers in the PDA, BTEXS series showed the highest concentration which was 30% of the total VOCs concentrations. For the workers in the PSP, alcohols were reached to 76% of the total exposure concentrations to VOCs. The PDA workers showed higher exposure levels to chlorinated materials, ketones, acetates than the PSP workers. However, the PSP workers showed higher exposure levels to BTEXS, alcohols, alkanes than the PDA workers. The AM exposure levels of the PDA workers were as follows: toluene of 1.484±1.925 ppm, xylene of 1.371±1.973 ppm, and acetone of 0.966±1.213 ppm. The AM exposure levels of the PSP workers were as follows: isopropyl alcohol of 29.659±1.949 ppm, toluene of 3.157±3.675 ppm, and n-pentane of 1.203±1.949 ppm. The correlation between toluene and its metabolic material, hippuric acid, among the workers dealing with organic solvents was low. This was because the average exposure level to toluene from the PDA and PSP workers was 1.458±2.328 ppm and 2.332±2.359 ppm, respectively. These levels were much lower as compared 50 ppm, the standard level regulated by the law of industrial safety and health. Thus the significant correlation between them was not identified in this study.

헨리 나우웬의 실존주의적 관계 모델 연구

손정훈 서울신학대학교 상담대학원 2009 국내석사

The purpose of this thesis is the composition of an existential relationship model on the basis of Henri Nouwen's belief. I tried to find a method to form a genuine relationship saying at the Existential thoughts on the basis of Henri Nouwen's belief. People are becoming to lose the chance that form a genuine relationship through the influence of development of science, industrialization and rationalism. In result, they are facing to state easy to form a distorted relationship by a sense of emptiness. At the same time, they have a desire to form a genuine relationship. As to show them a relationship model, we should help them recover their human subjectivity. In this thesis, I applied Henri Nouwen's belief to relationship on the base of a similarity between 'a calling : an religious term' and 'self-realization : an existential term'. in addition, solitude at both thoughts. Henri Nouwen found God's calling throughout his life. In the process, He perceived more deeper self-reflection about relationship. Similarly, existential thoughts take an interest in becoming self-realization as people reckon with existential situations and come to the world. That is, men are in the relationship of him and God, himself, others. For the growth, people have to go through the process of some genuine relationship. a genuine relationship is an experience that he is respected and devoted attention by others as not his own things or doing but his being itself. These experiences give to an ability to response creatively with the world. We have to pay attention to some genuine relationship not only in a counseling but in our life. Henri Nouwen says to relate with God, oneself and others. especially, God. Because God is the only whole existence and the light of truth. So men have to listen to God's voice. All of us are easy to broken. But God is outstanding power of love. It makes us participate with each other. God sent his son in the world; existential situation of humankind. And he suffered the greatest suffering that men can suffer. As a result, he can shared a sentiment with people. people can experience his whole love in the community that participate in God's calling.

Synthesis and Characterization of Spinel structure pigment and Whisker by a Chemical Process

손정훈 창원대학교 2017 국내박사

Method for synthesizing a PTW is a solid-state method, hydrothermal synthesis method, Flux method, Slow-cooling method, Melting method, Kneading-drying-calcination method, Sol-gel method etc. K 2 Ti 6 O 13 whisker have been synthesized by a flux method and hydrothermal process. The average size and distribution of the synthesized K 2 Ti 6 O 13 whisker can be controlled by a kind of potassium precursors and reaction temperature and time. The average size of the synthesized K 2 Ti 6 O 13 whisker was about in the size range of 500nm to 2㎛. The effect of synthesis parameters, such as the molar ratio of KOH to TiO 2 , pH, reaction temperature and time, are discussed. The synthesized K 2 Ti 6 O 13 whisker were characterized by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Inorganic pigment nanoparticle was synthesized by a reverse micelle processing. Co(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O, Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 · 6H 2 O and Al(NO 3 ) 3 · 9H 2 O are used for precursor in order to 147 synthesis inorganic pigment nanoparticles. The aqueous solution is consist of mixing molar ratio of Co, Ni, Zn/Al was 1:2 and heat treated at 800~1200°C for 2h. The average size and distribution of synthesized inorganic pigment powders was in the range of 10- 20nm and narrow, respectively. The average size of the synthesized inorganic pigment powders increased with increasing water to surfactant molar ratio and heating temperature. The crystallinity of synthesized inorganic pigment powder increased with increasing heating temperature. The synthesized inorganic pigment powders were characterized by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and color spectrophotometer. The properties of synthesized powders were affects as a function of such as molar ratio, heating temperature etc. Results indicate that synthesis using a reverse miclle processing is a favorable process to obtain inorganic pigment spinels at low temperatures. The procedure performed suggests that this new synthesis route for the production of these oxides has the advantage of being fast, simple.

韓國 公共組織의 效果的 팀제 導入 戰略에 관한 硏究 : 行政自治部·KOTRA·LG化學 事例 比較 分析을 中心으로

손정훈 서남대학교 대학원 2007 국내박사

Team system cannot secure its success until appropriate process suitable for the organization is introduced. That is, it is difficult to simply integrate a successful team to the public organization, in which there are big differences in the organizational characteristics, even if the team is successful for general corporations. Therefore, appropriate introduction process, in accordance with the organization, should be passed through. Each ministry and office of central government is introducing the team system as a way of organization renovation with the introduction of team system that started with the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, in March 2005. This paper elucidates the appropriate strategy of team system, suitable for the organization, in order to establish successful team systems in public organizations and enhance its effect as a way of adapting the new environment in the rapidly changing administrative environment of central government. Under the awareness of these problems, this paper attempted to understand the causes of system change and suggest of effective team system and strategy to general organizations preparing for it, especially public organizations, by clarifying what environments and elements are factors that influence system changes and how they are applied in terms of general organizations and policy changes by analyzing the case studies of the process of successful team system, successfully introduced by various subjects until now. For this, this paper analyzed the introduction process of team system to public institutions, public enterprises, and private enterprises, which are evaluated as the introduction of comparatively successful team system in order to draw the success factors of team system, especially introduction process. The summarizations about the results of case studies on the introduction process of team system by the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, KOTRA, and LG Chemicals are as follows: First, the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs is reforming the conventional and inefficient organizations, KOTRA is getting out of the operation of typically inefficient corporations, and LG Chemicals is introducing the team system in order to solve the problems of the slowdown of corporation growth, the increase of organization, the over growth of organization size, the acceleration of promotion backlog, the decline of morale, aging of high position people, and the aggravation of labor cost. Second, seeing the results of case studies, the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, KOTRA, and LG Chemical reorganized all sorts of systems, supporting the introduction of team system, and this systematic consolidation was better performed in the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs and public enterprises such as KOTRA than in private enterprises such as LG chemical. Third, all study objects commonly introduced the task force, set the principle of appropriate division of work, and tended to transfer the authority of settlement to the subordinate while downsizing the stages of settlement in both private enterprise and public sector. Fourth, the subordinate class of public sector did not feel the necessity of team system in the introduction process and reacted passively, while the chief officers revealed strong willingness and support of team system, and in the private enterprise, the willingness of chief officer to introduce the system was very aggressive, and the organization members sympathized with the necessity of team system and they were actively engaged in the team. Fifth, in the public sector, the aggressive willingness of chief officers was strong, while the sharing of objectives among members and concreteness of those objectives were rather low, whereas LG Chemicals shared the team objects with concreteness. In such way, as a result of analyzing, summarizing, and evaluating the cases of team system introduction process, the conclusions are drawn as follows: First, the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs and KOTRA focused on the reconsideration of efficiency within the organization, and LG Chemicals put weight on resolving the interior problems such as the backlog of promotion, ageing, the increase of high positions, and the burden of labor cost. Second, the consolidation service and establishment of relevant systems were actively carried out. Study objects introduced new evaluation system and reward system, and established the information system. Third, the team system types of all study objects were similar to the large team system and task force team, and settlement stages were readjusted downwardly below the team leader and broadly reduced under the line of team leaders or general managers. Fourth, the strong willingness of introduction and support of chief executive officers were working significantly in the study objects, and in the introduction process of team system, all sorts of authorities and responsibilities were appointed to team leaders, along with the demand of the role of team leaders and leadership. Fifth, when the attitude on the introduction of team system is examined, the strong willingness of the chief officers was important as a driving force, but the sharing of objectives and concreteness was rather low in the public sector. Based on the study results above, the perspective of effective introduction of team system in public organizations, which hold a fixed and thoroughly bureaucratic culture, is as follows: First, in order to cope with the rapidly changing environment and expand the service of customer centered administration, traditionally hierarchical organization should be transferred to the team system organization in the public organization. Second, a team system that is suitable for the features of public organization should be introduced. If public organization ignores the features of public organization, and attempts the introduction only with the reason that it has improved the efficiency of private organization, the possibility to fail is higher than that of success. Third, the type of team system that should be introduced in the public organization should be of a task force type so that the size of team system should begin with the current large scale team system of department unit and be gradually downsized to a small scale team system of division unit, which can enhance efficiency, in consideration of current duty and bureaucratic tendencies. Fourth, the introduction of team system should be recognized by all members of an organization, and members should lead the participation of all staff rather than outside promotion of the introduction of team system. Fifth, team system needs to be introduced by phases, and especially, the objective of team system should be divided into long-term and short-term concretely and clearly. Sixth, the reorganization or complement of relevant system is needed along with the introduction of team system. However, gradual complement or reorganization is needed rather than considerable chaos or unexpected side effect because of temporary complement, revision, and new establishment of system. Seventh, an operation that counts on its team leader excessively can cause a low outcome of the whole team or undesirable results, such as trouble within the team. Eighth, the willingness of introduction and support by the chief officer or top management are important in the success of team system. This paper has several limitations as follows: First, it was not reasonable to evaluate the outcome of cases of the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs and KOTRA, with the exception of LG Chemicals, which introduced team system a long time ago, because of short period of introduction. Nonetheless, public institutions and the sector of public enterprise were selected as cases because other appropriate cases were not found. Second, multidimensional access is needed because team system requires the whole change of organization. In this sense, this paper has limits in that it analyzed only selected factors of the introduction, operational system equipment, structure, maintenance, and systematic support of team system. Third, it is believed that more desirable introduction of team system can be suggested by analyzing team system through connecting the introduction process and the outcome of team system in the case analysis process of team system. However, due to the lack of documents, related to outcome, the connection between the process and outcome of team process could not be sufficiently considered. First of all, in depth study should be conducted with the pluralizing case study objects of team system and finding more appropriate cases. In addition, the development of index, measuring the introduction outcome of team system concretely and its applicationare required in order to enhance the objectivity of case studies. In addition, the objectivity of analysis should be enhanced by developing a standardized index, which is an analysis index that is related to the study of team system, and concrete casual relationships should be drawn by connecting analysis index with the outcome of team system. 팀제는 그 조직이 가지고 있는 특성에 적절한 도입 과정을 거쳐 도입되어야만 비로소 그 성공을 담보할 수 있을 것이다. 즉, 일반 기업들이 성공적으로 운영하고 있는 팀제라고 해서 조직적 특성에 큰 차이가 있는 공공조직에 그대로 단순히 접목시켜서는 성공적인 정착을 기대하기가 어려우며, 그 조직에 맞는 적절한 도입 과정을 거쳐야만 할 것이다. 중앙정부는 2005년 3월에 행정자치부가 정부 최초로 본부·팀제 전면 도입을 시작으로 인하여 중앙기관의 각 부처에서는 조직혁신의 일환으로 속속 팀제를 도입하고 있다. 오늘날 급변하는 행정환경 속에서 중앙정부가 이러한 환경변화에 보다 유연하고 신속하게 적응하기 위한 하나의 방안으로 일반조직 특히 공공조직의 팀제가 성공적으로 정착되어 효과를 발휘할 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 그 조직에 적합한 팀제의 도입 전략을 체계적으로 규명 하고자 한다. 이러한 문제 의식하에서 본 연구는 그동안 다양한 주체들에 의해 비교적 성공적으로 도입된 팀제 도입 과정을 사례 분석하여 일반적인 조직과 제도변화라는 차원에서 어떤 환경과 요소들이 제도변화의 영향 요인이고 그것은 어떻게 작용하는가를 밝힘으로써 제도변화의 동인을 파악하여 팀제 도입을 준비하고 있는 일반조직 특히 공공조직에 효과적인 팀제 도입 전략을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 비교적 성공적으로 팀제를 도입하였다고 평가되고 있는 공공기관, 공기업, 사기업을 대상으로 팀제 도입 과정을 분석하고 팀제 도입의 성공 요소 특히 도입 전략을 도출하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 행정자치부, KOTRA, LG화학에서의 팀제 도입 과정을 사례 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 먼저 행정자치부는 공무원 조직으로서 관행화된 비효율적이고 비능률적인 조직의 혁신을, KOTRA는 전형적인 비능률 기업에서의 탈피를, LG화학은 기업 성장의 둔화 및 조직증감과 조직규모의 비대화 문제와 승진적체 가속화와 구성원의 사기 저하, 중고령화·고직급화 현상, 인건비 부담 가중 등을 해소할 목적으로 각각 팀제를 도입하고 있다. 둘째, 사례 분석 결과를 보면 행정자치부나 KOTRA나 LG화학 등 모두 팀제 도입과 함께 팀제 도입을 지원하는 각종 제도를 정비하였으며, 이러한 제도적 정비는 사기업인 LG화학에 비해 공공기관인 행정자치부나 공기업인 KOTRA에서 더 많이 이루어진 것으로 나타나고 있다. 셋째, 연구 대상 모두 공통적으로 우리나라 현실에서 도입되는 팀제가 대부대과제를 도입하고 있으며, 적절한 업무분담 원칙을 설정하고 있으며, 사기업이나 공공부문 모두 결제 단계를 모두 대폭 축소한 가운데 결제 권한을 하부로 크게 위양하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 넷째, 팀제가 도입되는 과정에서 공공부문에서는 하위 계층이 그 필요성을 크게 느끼지 못하면서 소극적이었던 반면 최고 책임자들이 적극적인 도입 의지와 지원을 하였고, 사기업에서도 최고경영자의 도입 의지와 지원이 매우 적극적이었으나 조직 구성원들도 팀제 필요성을 공감하고 적극 참여하는 양상을 보였다. 다섯째, 공공부문은 최고관리자의 적극적인 도입 의지에 의해 추진되면서 구성원들간의 목표공유와 구체화는 다소 떨어지고 있는데 반해 LG화학은 팀내 목표에 대해 공유되며 구체화하고 있다. 이와 같이 팀제 도입 과정을 사례 분석한 결과를 종합하여 평가하면 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있다. 첫째, 팀제 도입의 목적을 보면 행정자치부와 KOTRA는 조직 내부의 효율성 제고에 초점이 맞추어져 있고, LG화학은 승진적체, 중고령화·고직급화, 인건비 부담 가중 등 내부적인 문제 해결에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 둘째, 팀제 도입과 함께 관련제도의 정비 및 구축이 활발히 이루어졌다. 연구 대상들은 팀제 도입과 함께 새로운 평가제도와 보상제도를 도입하였고, 그리고 정보 시스템을 구축하였다. 셋째, 연구 대상 모두 도입한 팀제 유형은 대팀제나 대부대과제로 유사하였으며, 결제 단계도 팀장 이하로 대폭 하향 조정하거나 팀장 및 본부장 선에서 종결되도록 대폭 축소하였다. 넷째, 팀제의 도입에 있어서 연구 대상들은 최고경영자의 적극적인 도입 의지와 지원이 크게 작용하고 있었고, 팀제 도입 과정에서 팀장에 대한 역할과 리더십을 크게 요구하면서 팀장에 대해 각종 권한과 책임을 부여하고 있다. 다섯째, 팀제 도입에 대한 구성원의 태도를 보면, 먼저 공공부문은 최고관리자의 적극적인 도입 의지에 의해 추진되면서 구성원들 간의 목표 공유와 구체화는 다소 떨어지고 있다. 이상의 연구 결과를 토대로 관료적 성향이 강한 우리나라 조직 특히 오랫동안 고착화된 철저한 관료주의적 문화를 가지고 있는 공공조직에서 팀제를 효과적으로 도입하기 위한 시사점을 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 무엇보다도 급격한 환경변화에 대응하고 수요자 중심 행정 서비스 공급을 확대하기 위해 공공조직에서도 전통적인 계층제 조직에서 팀제 조직으로 전환되어야 한다. 둘째, 공공조직 특성에 적합한 팀제를 도입하여야 한다. 공공조직은 공공조직의 특성을 무시하고 팀제가 사조직에서 효율성을 제고할 수 있다는 이유만으로 도입을 시도한다면 성공보다는 실패할 가능성이 높아진다. 셋째, 공공조직에서 도입해야 할 팀제 유형은 대부대과형으로, 팀제 규모는 현재의 업무나 관료적 성향을 감안할 때 현재의 부 단위 수준의 대규모 팀제로 시작하되 점차 효율성이 높은 과 단위의 소규모 팀제로 축소해 나가야 할 것이다. 넷째, 팀제 도입을 외생적으로 추진되기 보다는 조직 구성원들이 모두 그 필요성을 인식하고 전 직원이 모두 동참할 수 있도록 추진되어야 한다. 다섯째, 팀제는 단계적으로 도입할 필요가 있으며, 특히 팀제 도입의 목표를 구체적이고 명확하게 장단기로 나누어 설정될 필요가 있다. 여섯째, 팀제 도입과 함께 관련제도를 개편하거나 보완하는 것이 필요하다. 그러나 이러한 제도의 보완·개선·신설 등이 일시적으로 이루어져 상당한 혼란이나 예기치 못한 부작용을 초래하기 보다는 점진적인 보완이나 개편이 요구된다. 일곱째, 팀 운영과 관련하여 지나치게 팀장 중심의 운영은 팀 전체의 성과를 낮추거나 팀내 불화 등 바람직하지 않은 결과가 초래될 수도 있다. 여덟째, 팀제의 성공 여부에는 무엇보다도 최고책임자 혹은 고위관리자의 적극적인 도입 의지와 지원이 중요하다. 본 연구는 다음과 같이 몇 가지 한계점을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 사례 분석 대상으로 선정된 사례들이 도입 된지가 오래된 LG화학을 제외하고는 행정자치부나 KOTRA의 사례는 아직 도입 된지 몇 년이 되지 않아 그 성과를 평가하기가 무리이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 공공기관과 공기업 부문에서 적당한 여타 사례가 없어서 이를 사례 분석하였다는 한계점이 있다. 둘째, 팀제라는 것은 조직 전반에서의 변화를 요구하는 것이어서 보다 다차원적인 접근이 필요함에도 불구하고, 본 연구에서는 팀제 도입 과정에 대한 분석을 팀제 도입의 토대적 요인, 운영 체계 정비, 조직 구조 정비, 제도적 지원 체계 정비 등을 한정하여 분석하였다는 한계점이 있다. 셋째, 팀제의 사례 분석 과정에서 팀제의 도입 과정과 팀제의 성과를 연계하여 분석함으로써 보다 바람직한 팀제 도입 과정을 제시할 수 있을 것이나 본 연구에서는 성과에 관련된 자료가 부족하여 이들 간의 연계성을 충분히 고려하지 못했다는 한계점을 가지고 있다. 이상의 연구 한계점을 토대로 향후 연구는 다음과 같은 방향을 고려하여 이루어질 필요가 있다. 먼저, 팀제 사례 연구 대상을 보다 다원화하고, 적절한 사례를 대상으로 보다 심층적인 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이 과정에서 팀제 도입 성과를 구체적으로 측정하는 지표를 개발하여 이를 적용함으로써 사례 연구의 객관성을 높여야 할 것이다. 또한, 팀제 연구와 관련된 분석 지표를 보다 표준화된 지표로 개발하여 분석의 객관성을 높여야 할 것이며, 구체적으로 이들 지표가 팀제 성과와 연계함으로써 보다 구체적인 인과 관계를 도출할 필요가 있다.

사이버특수대학원 학생의 입학목적, 학습동기 및 학습전략의 관계 연구

손정훈 계명대학교 교육대학원 2014 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 사이버특수대학원 학생의 입학목적, 학습동기, 학습전략 간의 관계를 규명하는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해서 다음과 같이 연구 문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 사이버특수대학원 학생의 입학목적이 학습동기에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가? 둘째, 사이버특수대학원 학생의 입학목적이 학습전략에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가? 셋째, 사이버특수대학원 학생의 학습동기가 학습전략에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가? 본 연구에서는 B사이버특수대학원 재학생 67명을 대상으로 학습동기전략검사(MSLQ)를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 다중회귀분석의 방법으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사이버특수대학원 학생의 입학목적 중 개인 가치충족은 학습동기 중 내재적 동기와 과제가치에 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 사이버특수대학원 학생의 입학목적 중 개인 가치충족은 학습전략 중 조직화에 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 사이버특수대학원 학생의 학습동기 중 과제가치는 학습전략 전반에 유의한 영향을 미친다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among enrollment purposes, learning motivation, learning strategies of cyber special graduate school students. To achieve the purpose, following research questions have been established: First, how do enrollment purposes of cyber special graduate school students affect their motivation for learning? Second, how do enrollment purposes of cyber special graduate school students affect their strategies for learning? Third, how does learning motivation of cyber special graduate school students affect their strategies for learning? 67 students from B cyber special graduate school responded on a questionnaire, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire(MSLQ). The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results were as follows: First, personal value satisfaction among enrollment purposes of cyber special graduate school students has a positive effect on intrinsic goal orientation and task value among the factors of learning motivation. Second, personal value satisfaction among enrollment purposes of cyber special graduate school students has a positive effect on organization among the factors of learning strategies. Third, task value among learning motivations of cyber special graduate school students affects on most of learning strategies.

피카소의 입체주의에 대한 연구 : 회화를 중심으로

손정훈 한남대학교 1994 국내석사

주행저항 변화가 가솔린직접분사 차량과 디젤차량에서의 연비 상관성 및 배출가스 특성에 미치는 연구

손정훈 고려대학교 대학원 2016 국내석사

Vehicular emissions have an adverse impact on the global environment and human health. It is widely known that vehicular emissions lead to the global warming and air quality deterioration. So, the regulations of vehicular emissions have been tightened gradually. As part of the process, in the Europe, the driving cycle of the diesel vehicle for emission certification will be changed from the New European driving cycle (NEDC) to World-harmonized light-duty vehicle test cycle (WLTC) in 2017. Because WLTC is composed of four phases (low speed, medium speed, high speed, and extra-high speed) which reflects real driving conditions based on real-world vehicle journeys more than NEDC. Nowadays, it was revealed that there is a difference between emissions from type-approval (TA) test and those from Real-driving emissions (RDE) test. Accordingly, the RDE test, which might certify emissions in a wide range of operating conditions with portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS), will be instituted in future emission legislation. Especially, conformity factor (exhaust gas emissions in RDE / exhaust gas emissions in the type approval test) will be the important value in the forthcoming emission legislation. With regard to gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine, particle number (PN) has emerged as a problem in contrast with multi port injection (MPI) engine. Thus, gasoline particulate filter (GPF) may be applied in GDI vehicles in order to reduce particle mass (PM) and PN in the future. Also, reducing NOx emissions is the most important challenge in passenger cars. To satisfy the Euro 6 regulation, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), lean NOx Trap (LNT) and 2-stage exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) have begun to be applied to diesel passenger cars. The carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fuel-economy are important issues irrespective of the type of engine. However, the CO2 emissions and fuel-economy is affected by the driving resistances of a moving vehicle, such as rolling resistance and aerodynamic drag. As the current regulation related with the road loads involves the high tolerances and systematic errors, it is necessary to devise a method how to determine the road loads using coastdown runs. Previous researchs have revealed that the CO2 emissions increased reasonably due to the application of realistic road loads instead of the official EU road loads. Test flexibilities such as tire pressure, adjustment of brakes, vehicle preconditioning, test mass and running-in period are multiple factors for the vehicle emissions and fuel economy (FE) tests. The determination of road load (RL) force is the most influential flexibility factor for a TA vehicle certification test. Because of these various factors, it was revealed that there was a substantial difference between emissions from TA values and those from RDE test. In this study, test cycle RL energy using the RL coefficients determined by TA coastdown procedure was the base condition. After calculating the test cycle RL power, the constant term of the RL coefficient was changed by energy loss. The tolerance of the RL in domestic regulation is 15%. So the constant term of the RL coefficient was increased by 5% unit in the cycle RL energy loss. And then, RL power and tractive power were calculated by force and vehicle speed. The vehicle fuel efficiency, under RL variation conditions, was carried out with a modern 2.4 L GDI and LNT equipped diesel vehicle on the chassis dynamometer. To assess the impact of different RL values on FE and the CO2 emissions, the test cycle was performed over the combined mode of the federal test procedure (FTP-75) and the highway fuel economy test (HWFET) mode. To investigate the road-load variations by energy difference on the correlation of the vehicle FE, the statistical approaches of the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied. Results showed that variations of the RL energy of the tested cycle were closely related with trade-off relationship with the vehicle FE.

가변용량형 사판식 액셜피스톤 펌프의 모델링 및 사판 강인 제어기 설계

손정훈 부산대학교 2007 국내석사

In typical hydraulic control systems, the valve control method is widely employed because it is easy to design and control and it has better response characteristics rather than the pump control method. In respect of energy efficiency, however, it is essential to apply the pump control method which can supply necessary amounts of flow rates and pressure to the hydraulic systems. In this study, the focus was given to the control of inner pressure of control cylinder for the swash plate control. In order to design a precise and robust controller, mathematical model for swash plate control system of variable displacement axial piston pump was identified based on signal compression method. Based on the identified mathematical model, robust swash plate controller was designed by considering variation of load pressure. Consequently, the precise and robust swash plate control characteristics are verified from the experiments.