眞實한 리더십과 肯定心理資本, 職務滿足 및 革新行動과의 관계에 관한 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

진실한 리더십은 제시된 역사가 길지 않아 이에 대한 학문적 논의나 실증적 연구가 다른 리더십과 비교하여 아직 활발하게 이루어지지 않았다. 진실한 리더십에 관한 연구는 앞으로 보다 많은 검증과 관련 요인에 대한 실증적 연구가 필요한 상황이다.
최근에는 진실한 리더십을 긍정심리학에서 도출된 긍정심리자본(positive psychological capital)과 연결하는 시도들이 이루어지고 있다. 그리고 진실한 리더십을 통해 구성원들의 긍정심리자본 형성과 긍정적인 조직성과 제고를 달성하려고 시도하고 있다.
본 연구는 진실한 리더십의 중요성에 근거하여, 진실한 리더십이 조직성과에 긍정적인 관계가 있음을 실증연구를 통해 구명하고자 한다.
연구모델에서는 진실한 리더십이 조직 구성원들의 긍정심리자본에 영향을 주고, 긍정심리자본의 향상을 통해 직무만족과 혁신행동과 같은 조직성과에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 연구모델을 설정하였고, 혁신후원인식에 따라 직무만족과 혁신행동을 조절하는 효과가 있을 것이라는 가설을 설정하였다.
본 연구의 변수들과의 관계는 아래와 같이 요약하여 제시하고자 한다.
진실한 리더십은 직무만족, 혁신행동에 영향을 미치고 있고, 긍정심리자본은 매개효과가 있으며, 혁신후원인식은 조절효과를 보이고 않다.
결과적으로 대학 산학협력단의 연구관리 직원만을 대상으로 한 이 연구는 조직 내 진실한 리더십과 긍정심리자본을 연구하였으며, 조직에서의 행위적 성과인 직무만족과 혁신행동을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안은 진실한 리더십 행위를 통해 직원들의 긍정심리자본(자기 효능감, 희망, 낙관주의, 복원력)을 제고하여야 한다는 결론을 도출하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in scholarly interest in the field of authentic leadership. Much interest has been given to authentic leadership in response to the ethical challenges and loss of meaning within the business world. At the individual leader level, there is growing evidence that an authentic approach to leading is desirable and effective for advancing the human enterprise and achieving positive and enduring outcomes in organizations. Research was conducted to investigate whether authentic leadership promotes positive psychological capital, another important construct that is considered to enhance organizational outcomes.
The study consisted of two major purposes. Firstly, this paper was aimed at reviewing literature on the relationship between authentic leadership and positive psychological capital with the goal of clarifying the state of knowledge in the field and proposing a integrative model for empirical research. In sum, it was to establish the conceptual and theoretical frame for authentic leadership through a review of current literature.
Secondly, it hypothesized that perceived organizational support moderates relationships between authentic leadership and positive psychological capital.
The hypothesis of this study can be summed up as follows.
- Authentic leadership will have a positive effect on positive psychological capital.
- Positive psychological capital will have a positive effect on job satisfaction and innovative behavior.
- Positive psychological capital will have a mediating effect on authentic leadership and job satisfaction.
- Positive psychological capital will have a mediating effect on authentic leadership and innovative behavior.
- Perception of support for innovation will have a moderating effect on positive psychological capital and job satisfaction.
- Perception of support for innovation will have a moderating effect on positive psychological capital and innovative behavior.
The hypothesis was verified by statistical analysis showing the relationship between authentic leadership and positive psychological capital.
For the empirical study, questionnaires were distributed to 635 research managers of 37 universities in Korea during April of 2013. of these, 526 questionnaires were returned and 477 were used for basic statistic analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and covariance structure analysis.
As the result of the analyses, hypotheses made in this research model and the research model itself are generally valid.
The result of this study can be summed up as below.
- Authentic leadership has a positive effect on positive psychological capital.
- Positive psychological capital has a positive effect on job satisfaction and innovative behavior.
- Positive psychological capital has a mediating effect between authentic leadership and job satisfaction.
- Positive psychological capital has a mediating effect between authentic leadership and innovative behavior.
- Perception of support for innovation hasn't had a moderating effect on positive psychological capital and job satisfaction.
- Perception of support for innovation hasn't had a moderating effect on positive psychological capital and innovative behavior.
In conclusion, this study investigated research managers at universities, and induced the conclusion that authentic leadership and positive effect should be enhanced to improve organizational outcomes.
This study concludes with its limitation and challenges as well as the direction for further research.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1장 서 론 1
• 제 1절 연구의 배경과 목적 1
• 제 2절 연구의 범위와 연구 방법 4
• 제 2장 이론적 배경 7
• 제 1절 진실한 리더십(authentic leadership) 7
• 제 2절 긍정심리자본(positive psychological capital) 22
• 제 3절 직무만족(job satisfaction) 41
• 제 4절 혁신행동(innovative behavior) 44
• 제 5절 혁신후원인식(perception of support for innovation) 47
• 제 6절 진실한 리더십, 긍정심리자본, 조직성과와의 관계 49
• 제 3장 연구방법 56
• 제 1절 연구모형 설계 및 가설의 설정 56
• 제 2절 연구변수의 조작적 정의 및 측정 66
• 제 3절 설문지 및 표본의 구성 74
• 제 4장 실증분석 80
• 제 1절 연구변수의 신뢰성 및 타당성 검증 80
• 제 2절 연구변수들과의 상관관계 분석 89
• 제 3절 가설검증 93
• 제 4절 가설검증 결과의 종합 108
• 제 5장 결 론 109
• 제 1절 연구결과의 요약 109
• 제 2절 연구의 의의 및 시사점 112
• 제 3절 연구의 한계와 향후 연구방향 115

참고문헌 (Reference)

1. Confidence, Kanter, , 2004

2. Management, Drucker, Peter Ferdinand, Pan, , 1977

3. Being and time, Heidegger, Martin, Blackwell, , 1967

4. 조직행위론, 황규대, , 1999

5. Learned optimism, Seligman, Martin E. P, Pocket Books, Learned Optimism, , 1992

6. How resilienceworks, Coutu, How resilience works, , 2002

7. Positive Psychology, Seligman, Csikszentmihalyi, Positive psychology, , 2000

8. Work and Motivation, Vroom, V. H., , 2000

9. Job Satisfaction, Amo, Hoppock, "Job Satisfaction, , 1977

10. Emotion and adaptation, Lazarus, Richard S, Oxford University Press, Emotion and Adaptation, , 1991

11. Organizing for Resilience, Vogus, Sutcliffe, , 2003

12. Resilience in development, Werner, , 1995

13. The birth and growth of hope, Snyder, , 2000

14. 사회과학 조사방법론, 채서일, 法文社, 사회과학 조사방법론, , 1990

15. Industrial Psychology(6th ed.), 박영애, Industrial Psychology(6th ed), , 1974

16. Who are your motivated workers, Myers, Who are your motivated workers?, , 1998

17. In search of realistic optimism, Schneider, , 2001

18. Innovation and Creativity at work, Farr, Ford C.M, , 1990

19. Toward a model of positive health, Seeman, , 1989

20. Positiveorganizational scholarship, Qu inn, Cameron, Dutton, , 2003

21. Personnel Psychology, 19(2), 165-183, Distefane, Fournet, "Personnel Psychology, , 1966

22. Toward a career-resilience workforce, Collard, waterman, , 1994

23. Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control, Bandura.A, Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control, , 1997

24. 긍정심리자본과 리더십 성과, 박권홍, 숭실대학교 대학원, "경영교육연구, , 2011

25. Handbook of Positive Psychology. Oxford, Lopez, Snyder, "Handbook of Positive Psychology, , 2002

26. Stimulate creativity by fueling passion, Amabile, , 2000

27. Toward a theory of spiritual leadership, Fry, , 2003

28. The Nature and Causes ofJob Satisfaction, Locke R.A, The nature and causes of job satisfaction, , 1970

29. Toward a theory of organization creativity, Woodman, Griffin, , 1993

30. Leadership development: A review in context, Day, , 2000

31. The Handbook of Positive Psychology, Oxford, Lopez, Snyder, "The Handbook of Positive Psychology, , 2002

32. An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust, Roger, An integrative model of organizational trust, , 1995

33. Hope Theory, In C. R. Snyder & S. Lopez(Eds), Snyder C.R, Rand.K.L, Sigmon, "Hope Theory, , 2002

34. Towardaconceptualization ofoptimalself-esteem, Kernis, Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem, , 2003

35. Selhood: identity, esteem, regulation, Boulder, Leary, Baldwin, Hoyle, Kernis, "Selhood: identity, , 1999

36. The definition and measurement of productivity, Rogers, The Definition and Measurement of Productivity, , 1998

37. An empirical test of a new theory of human needs, OECD, An Empirical test of a new theory of human needs, , 1969

38. Linking adult attachment to self-esteem stability, Goldman, Kernis, , 2007

39. Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited, Bandura, Locke, , 2003

40. Teacher Morale: Relationship with Selected Factors, Rempel, Bentley, , 1970

41. Testing a model of administrative job satisfaction, Ying Zhou, Volkwein, , 2003

42. A Model of creativity and innovation inorganizations, Toronto, A model of creativity and innovation in organizations, , 1988

43. Authenticity and theories of administrative behavior, Brumbaugh, , 1971

44. Stress, coping, and resilience in children and youth, Carlson, Smith, "Stress, , 1997

45. Human Agency: The basis for true self-esteem. In M. H, Ryan, Deci, , 1995

46. The positive impact and development of hopeful leaders, Luthans, Petersons, , 2003

47. Assessing behaviors that create resilience organizations, Home, , 1997

48. Positivepsychologicalcapital:Beyondhumanandsocialcapital, Luthans, Luthans B.C, Luthans K.W, Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital, , 2004

49. The Empowerment Process : IntegratingTheory and Practice, J.A.Conger, R.N.Kanungo, The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice, , 1988

50. The need for meaning of positive organizational behavior, Luthans, F., , 2002

51. Defence style and adjustment in interpersonal relationships, Dolby, Barnett, Ungerer, , 1997

52. 한반도 통일을 위한 진실한 리더십의 재고찰, 김강훈 ( Gang Hoon Kim ), 박상만 ( Sang Mahn Park ), 김정기 ( Jung Ki Kim ), 한국동북아학회, , 2012

53. Employee Creativity: Personal and Contextual Factors at Work, Oldham, Employee creativity: personal and contextual factors at work, , 1996

54. Creativity syndrome: Integration, application, and innovation, Munford, "Creativity syndrome: Integration, , 1988

55. Innovative Attitudes, Values, and Intentions in Organizations, Ettlie, R.D.O'keefe, "Innovative attitudes, , 1982

56. 경영연구에 있어서 조절효과검증에 관한 연구, 한인수, 충남대학교 경영경제연구소, "경영경제연구“, , 2003

57. Leadership : Current theories, research, and future directions, Walumbwa, Avolio, Weber, "Leadership: Current theories, , 2009

58. Measuring the PerceivedSupport for Innovation in Organizations, Siegel, W.Kaemmerer, Measuring the perceived support for innovation in organizations, , 1978

59. The relation between work-family conflict and job satisfaction, Allen, Spector, Bruck, , 2002

60. TrustinLeadershipandTeam Performance:EvidencefromNCAA Basketball, Dirks, Trust in leadership and team performance: Evidence from NCAA basketball, , 2000

61. 사회자본과 심리자본이 혁신성과에 미치는 효과, 정범구 ( Beom Ku Chung ), 김경재 ( Kyoung Jae Kim ), 韓國生産性學會, , 2007

62. Positive Organizational Behavior: Accentuating the positive at work, Nelson, Cooper, , 2006

63. Objective self-awareness theory:recentprogress and enduring problems, Duval, Silvia, Objective self-awareness theory: recent progress and enduring problems, , 2001

64. OrganizationalCitizenship Behavior:TheGood SoldierSyndrome,Lexington, Organ, "Organizational Citizenship Behavior: the good soldier syndrome, , 1988

65. Psychological Capital: Developing the human competitive edge, Oxford, Luthans, F., Youssef, Avolio B.J, "Psychological Capital: Developing the human competitive edge, , 2007

66. 진실한 리더십과 긍정심리자본의 관계에 대한 고찰, 안화용(Hwa-Yong Ahn), 한인수(In-soo Han), 충남대학교 경영경제연구소, "경영경제연구, , 2013

67. Supporting innovation and venture development inestablished companies, Kanter, , 1985

68. Leader authenticity: The development and test of an operational measure, Hoy, Henderson, , 1983

69. 오센틱 리더십 척도의 한국기업 현장에의 타당화 연구, 최항석, 이지숙, 숭실대학교 한국평생교육 · HRD연구소, "평생 교육?HRD 연구, , 2010

70. Changing Obligations and The Psychological Contract: A Longitudinal Study, Rohinson, Changing obligations and the psychological contract: A longitudinal study, , 1994

71. Outcomes of social work education: the case for social work self-efficacy, Holden, Meenaghan T, Anastas, , 2002

72. Psychological processes linking authentic leadership to follower behaviors, Wang, Walumbwa, Avolio, Schaubroeck, , 2010

73. Impact of culture on human resource management practices, applied psychology, Kanungo, Mendonca, "Impact of culture on human resource management practices, , 2000

74. 가족친화경영, 직무특성, 가족특성 그리고 일과 삶의 조화, 이유덕, 송광선, "가족친화경영, , 2009

75. Authentic leadership promoting employees' psychological capital and creativity, Rego Armenio, , 2012

76. What's your story? A life-stories approach to authentic leadership development, G.Eilam, Shamir, What's your story: A life-stories approach to authentic leadership development, , 2005

77. Authenticleadershipand eudaemonic well-being: Understanding leader-followeroutcomes, Illies, Nahrgang, , 2005

78. Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root ofpositive forms of leadership, Avolio, Garner, Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership, , 2005

79. Psychological capital: a positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover, F.Luthans, Avey, S.M.Jensen, , 2009

80. Organizationalcommitment, job satisfaction, and turnover among psychiatric technicians, Bolian, Steers, "Organizational commitment, , 1974

81. Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the secrets to creating lasting value, San Francisco, George, "Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the secrets to creating lasting value, , 2003

82. Risk, protection, and resilience: Toward a conceptual framework for social work practice, Richman, Fraser, Galinsky, "Risk, , 1999

83. Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness and hedonic enjoyment, Vaillant, , 1992

84. Determinants of innovative behavior: A pathmodel of individual innovation in the workplace, Bruce, Scott, Determinants of innovative behavior: a path model of individual innovation in the workplace, , 1994

85. The Work Preference Inventory: assessing intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations, Amabile, E.M.Tighe, The work preference inventory: Assessing intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations, , 1994

86. Collective efficacy and vigilant problem solving in group decision making: A non-linear model, Tasa, , 2005

87. Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional expriences, Tugade, Fredrickson, , 2004

88. 긍정심리자본이 조직구성원의 직무만족과 정서적 몰입에 미치는 영향, 김주엽(Kim, Joo-Yup), 김명수(Kim, Myung-Su), 한국경영교육학회, "박사학위논문, , 2011

89. Personality and transformation in the face of adversity. In R. G. Tedeschi, C. L. Park, & L. G, Tennen, Affleck, "Personality and transformation in the face of adversity. In R. G. Tedeschi, , 1998

90. Positive psychological capital: measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction, Luthans, S.M.Norman, Avolio, , 2007

91. Theories of organizational structure and innovative adoption: the role of environmental change, Damanpour, Gopalakrishnan, , 1998

92. Affect and managerial performance: A test of the sadder-but-wiser vs happier-and smarter hypotheses, Staw, S.G.Barsade, , 1993

93. Self-concordance at Work: Toward Understanding the Motivational Effects of Transformational Leaders, Bono, Timothy A.Judge, , 2003

94. Socialcognitive theory andself-efficacy: Going beyond traditional motivational andbehavioralapproaches, Luthans, Stajkovic, Social cognitive theory and self-efficacy: Going beyond traditional motivational and behavioral approaches, , 1998

95. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden abd build theory of positive emotions, Fredrickson, , 2001

96. Extracting meaning from past affective experiences: The importance of peaks, ends, and specific emotions, Fredrickson B.L, "Extracting meaning from past affective experiences: The importance of peaks, , 2000

97. Authentic happiness : using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment, Seligman, Martin, Free Press, Authentic Happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment, , 2002

98. Human,social,andnow positivepsychological capital management: Investing in people forcompetitiveadvantage, Youssef, Luthans, "Human, , 2004

99. The reflected self: creating yourself as (you think) others see you. In M. R. Leary, & J. P. Tangney(Eds), Wallace, Tice, "The reflected self: creating yourself as (you think) others see you. In M. R. Leary, , 2003

100. Unlocking themask: A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes andbehaviors, May, Avolio, Unlocking the mask: a look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors, , 2004

101. Authentic leadership: A positive development approach. In K. S. Camerson, J. E. Dutton, & R. F. Quinn(eds.), Luthans, "Authentic leadership: A positive development approach. In K. S. Camerson, , 2003

102. Resilience and reserve capacity in later adulthood: potentials and limits of development across the life span, Staudinger, Marsiske, Baltes, , 1995

103. Self-verification: Bringing social reality into harmony with the self. In J. R. Suls, & A. G. Greenwald(Eds.), W.B, Swann Jr, "Self-verification: Bringing social reality into harmony with the self. In J. R. Suls, , 1983

104. 비정규직 근로자의 행위적 성과에 영향을 미치는 파견사 몰입의 효과에 관한 연구, 강명수, 비정규직근로자의 행위적 성과에 영향을 미치는 파견사 몰입의 효과에 관한 연구, , 2012

105. Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors and performance, K.Mhatre, R.Reichard, Avey, "Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, , 2008

106. 지적자본이 혁신행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구:심리자본의 조절효과를 중심으로, 정범구, 김경재, 한국생산성학회, 지적자본이 혁신행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 심리자본의 조절효과를 중심으로, , 2008

107. 한국 대학 직원의 긍정심리자본과 조직시민행동 간 관계에서 조직몰입의 매개효과, 박재춘, 한일경상학회, , 2012

108. Workers' evaluations of ends and the means: An examination of four models of distributive and procedural justice, Tang, Sarsfield-Baldwin, , 1996

109. The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition, Carver, "The role of optimism in social network development, , 2002

110. Authentic Leadership: theory-building for veritable sustained performance, Working Paper, Gallup Leadership Institute, Luthans, Avolio, Walumbwa, "Authentic Leadership: theory-building for veritable sustained performance, , 2004

111. 호텔기업의 변혁적리더십이 조직공정성에 의한 직무만족과 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향, 김근우( Geun Woo Kim ), 이현정( Hyun Jeong Lee), 한국호텔외식경영학회, "호텔경영학연구, , 2005

112. 리더의 진실성이 부하의 장인적 직무수행(Job Crafting)에 미치는 영향과 그 과정에 대한 연구, 심원술, 김창호, , 2012

113. R&D 조직에서 부정적 리더십의 선행요인과 구성원의 창의성 및 직무만족과의 관계에 관한 연구, 이황원, , 2012

114. Behavioral management and task performance in organizations: Conceptual background, meta-analysis, and test of alternative models, Stajkovic, "Behavioral management and task performance in organizations: Conceptual background, , 2003

115. The impact of hope in the entrepreneurial process: Exploratory research findings In Decision Science Institute Conference Proceedings, Jensen, Luthans, , 2002

116. The dual effect of transformational Leadership: Priming relational and collective selves and further effects on followers. In B. F. Avolio, & F. J, Shamir, Kark, "The dual effect of transformational Leadership: Priming relational and collective selves and further effects on followers. In B. F. Avolio, , 2002

117. Resolving Scientific Disputes bythe Joint Design of Crucial Experiments by the Antagonists ; Applicationto the Erez-Latham Dispute Regarding Participation in Goal Setting, Lock, Latham, Erez, , 1988