본 연구에서는 아동의 거짓말, 틀린 믿음, 실행기능과의 관계를 발달적 관점에서 살펴보았다. 실험 1에서는 5, 6, 7세 아동을 대상으로 세 가지 거짓말 유형(반사회적 거짓말, 선의의 거짓말, ...

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https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T12581050
경산 : 영남대학교, 2011
학위논문(박사) -- 영남대학교 대학원 , 유아교육학과 유아교육학전공 , 2011
2011
한국어
375.1 판사항(5)
372.21 판사항(21)
경상북도
iv, 93장 : 삽화, 도표 ; 26 cm
참고문헌: 장 73-84
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상세조회0
다운로드본 연구에서는 아동의 거짓말, 틀린 믿음, 실행기능과의 관계를 발달적 관점에서 살펴보았다. 실험 1에서는 5, 6, 7세 아동을 대상으로 세 가지 거짓말 유형(반사회적 거짓말, 선의의 거짓말, ...
본 연구에서는 아동의 거짓말, 틀린 믿음, 실행기능과의 관계를 발달적 관점에서 살펴보았다. 실험 1에서는 5, 6, 7세 아동을 대상으로 세 가지 거짓말 유형(반사회적 거짓말, 선의의 거짓말, 유희적 거짓말)에 대한 이해, 도덕적 판단, 정서 반응과 이차순위 틀린 믿음, 실행기능이 서로 어떤 관련성을 갖는지를 살펴보았다. 실험 2에서는 3, 4, 5세 아동을 대상으로 속임수 행동, 일차순위 틀린 믿음, 실행기능의 관계를 재검토해 보았다. 두 개의 실험에서 나온 결과는 다음과 같은 시사점을 제공해 주었다.
첫째, 거짓말을 하는 것은 다른 사람이 사실과 다른 틀린 믿음을 갖도록 조작할 수 있음을 의미한다. 이런 점에서 거짓말 행동을 하기 위해서는 틀린 믿음에 대한 이해가 필수적일지 모른다. 틀린 믿음이 거짓말에 대한 정서 반응이나 속임수 행동을 예측해준다는 본 연구의 결과는 거짓말과 틀린 믿음의 관련성을 재확인해 주었다.
둘째, 속임수 과제를 사용한 결과는 4세 아동들도 거짓말을 할 수 있음을 보여주지만, 거짓말에 내재된 의도를 고려하며 거짓말을 이해하는 것은 7세 이후가 되어야 이해한다는 것을 보여주었다. 즉, 거짓말의 전형적인 이야기를 담고 있는 반사회적 거짓말에 대한 이해는 어린 연령부터 가능하지만, 선의나 유희적 거짓말과 같이 내재된 의도를 정확하게 이해하여야 하는 거짓말은 인식적 믿음에 대한 이해와 더불어 발달할 가능성을 시사해주었다.
셋째, 이차순위 틀린 믿음에 대한 이해는 대체로 7세 이후에 증가되고, 일차순위 틀린 믿음에 대한 이해는 4세부터 이해하기 시작한다는 본 연구의 결과는 선행 연구의 결과를 반복 검증해준 결과라 할 수 있다. 특히 3세와 4세 아동들이 자신 믿음에 대한 추론을 타인 믿음에 대한 추론보다 더 잘했다는 결과는 아동 자신의 주관적 경험을 통해 타인의 마음을 이해한다고 가정하는 모사 이론에 대한 지지 증거로 해석될 수 있을 것이다.
넷째, 실행기능에서 억제 통제와 전환 능력은 3세와 4세 사이에서 그리고 6세와 7세 사이에서 발달적 변화가 나타났다. 따라서 실행기능에서의 이러한 발달적 변화는 중추신경계에서의 성장 급등과 관련되어 설명할 수 있을지도 모른다. 하지만 작업 기억에서는 7세가 되어도 발달적 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 선행연구에서의 결과를 고려해 볼 때 작업 기억은 7세 이후에 다소 늦게 발달될 가능성을 시사해준다.
다섯째, 거짓말, 틀린 믿음, 실행기능 간의 관계와 관련하여 3세와 5세에서 공통적으로 나타난 것은 틀린 믿음이 거짓말을 유의미하게 예측해주었다는 점이다. 그리고 3세에서는 속임수 행동을 예측해주는 변인이 틀린 믿음뿐만 아니라 실행기능의 전환 능력이었다. 이러한 결과는 3세에서 속이는 행동을 실패하는 아동들은 틀린 믿음을 개념적으로 이해하지 못했기 때문일 가능성이 있음을 시사해준다. 또한 실행기능의 전환 능력의 점수가 높을수록 속임수 행동을 더 잘한다는 것을 보여주었다.
여섯째, 본 연구의 결과는 유아교육이나 장애아동 교육에서 사회인지 발달과 관련된 시사점을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 즉, 거짓말을 일삼는 아동의 문제행동을 지도하기 위한 교사나 부모교육의 지침으로 본 연구가 그 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 다른 사람과 바람직한 사회적 관계를 맺는, 그리고 사회적 관계가 정상을 벗어난 자폐 아동의 문제를 극복하는데 도움이 되는 교육적 방법을 찾는데 커다란 시사점을 제공할 것이다.
다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
This study attempts to examine the relationship between lying, false belief and execution function in children from a development point of view. Experiment 1 explored children's understanding, moral judgment, and emotional reactions to three different...
This study attempts to examine the relationship between lying, false belief and execution function in children from a development point of view. Experiment 1 explored children's understanding, moral judgment, and emotional reactions to three different types of lies(antisocial lies, white lies, and trick lies). It further studies the relation between lying, second-order false belief and execution function for the five-year-old, six-year-old and seven-year-old children. Experiment 2 replicates the relationship among and between deceptive behavior, first-order false belief and execution function for children at three years, four years and five years of age. The major findings were as follows.
First, children can make other people have false belief through lying behavior. For this premise, it would be essential to have the understanding of false belief in order to understand lying behaviors. Our results indicated that the emotional reactions to lying or deceptive behavior could be predicted from the understanding of false belief.
Second, the results showed that four-year-olds may deceive others, but it is not until reaching the age of seven that children understand the intention of lying. In other words, understanding an antisocial lie is possible from young age. But an understanding of the inherent intention in lying stories accurately, like the white lies or trick lies, implies the understanding of cognitive epidemic state.
Third, the results show that the understanding of second-order false belief is generally increased after age seven, and understanding of first-order false belief begins with four-year-olds. In particular, the result indicated that the three-year-old and four-year-old children had a better understanding of self-belief over the belief of others; this could be construed as evidence to support the simulation theory.
Fourth, the inhibitory control and switching in execution function has shown developmental changes between three-year-olds/ four-year-olds and six-year-olds/ seven-year-olds. Therefore, such developmental change under the execution function may be described in relation to the growth spurt change in the nerve system. However, on working memory, the developmental change did not appear even at the age of seven. It implies the possibility that development comes somewhat later than age seven.
Fifth, in relation to lying, false belief and execution function, a common showing in three-year-olds and five-year-olds was that false belief makes lying a meaningful predictor. Further, at the age of three, the predictor of the deceptive behavior is not only the false belief but also the switching of execution function. This result implies that children who fail the act of deceiving at the age of three are unable to understand false belief conceptually. It also shows that the higher the score of switching of execution function, the better the deceptive behavior.
Finally, the result of this study will provide some implications in early childhood education or disabled child education. In other words, this study may be facilitated as base data and instructions for teacher or parental education to instruct on problematic behavior in children that lie all the time. In addition, it will provide significant implications in searching for educational methods helpful to not only make desirable social relationships with other people but also to overcome the problems autistic children have being deviated from normal social relationships.
목차 (Table of Contents)
참고문헌 (Reference)
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