상담자와 내담자의 애착, 전이애착, 역전이 관리능력이 작업동맹과 상담성과에 미치는 영향 = Influence of client's attachment and transference, counselor's attachment and countertransference management ability on working alliance and counseling outcome

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 내담자 애착과 전이애착, 상담자 애착과 역전이 관리능력이 작업동맹 및 상담성과에 미치는 영향을 탐색하는 것이다. 연구를 위해 총 12개 대학 학생상담센터의 상담자 91명과 내담자 169명의 데이터가 수집되었다. 연구도구는 내담자의 경우 성인애착, 상담자에 대한 내담자의 애착, 상담 성과 질문지, 상담자의 경우는 성인애착, 역전이 관리능력, 작업동맹이 측정되었다. 수집된 자료는 구조방정식 모형과 위계적 회귀분석을 이용해 분석되었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 상담관계에서 내담자 애착은 상담관계와 성과에 일관된 영향을 미치지 못하는 반면, 상담자 애착은 작업동맹에 대하여 상담자의 역전이 관리능력을 매개로 직·간접적인 영향력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.
둘째, 내담자가 지각하는 전이안정이 상담성과에 유의하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
셋째, 내담자와 상담자의 애착은 작업동맹과 성과에 대해 상호작용 효과를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 상담자의 불안정 애착은 작업동맹 형성을 방해하는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 영향력이 내담자의 불안정 애착특성보다 컸다.
이와 같은 결과는 견고한 작업동맹과 긍정적 상담성과를 얻기 위해서는 내담자의 특성뿐만 아니라 상담자의 특성을 함께 고려할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence client's attachment and transference, counselor's attachment and countertransference management ability on working alliance and counseling outcome. Participants of this study were 169 clients and 91 counselors at university counseling centers. Measures included Experience in Close Relationships, Client Attachment to Therapist Scale, Countertransference Factors Inventory, Working Alliance Inventory-Therapist, and Counseling outcome questionnaire. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Results of this study were as follows.
First, counselor's attachment not only had a direct effect but also had an indirect effect through the mediation of countertransference management ability on working alliance. However client's attachment did not have consistent effects on working alliance and counseling outcome.
Second, client's secure attachment to the counselor predicted positive outcome such as satisfaction, awareness and change.
Third, interactions between client's and counselor's attachment predicted working alliance and counseling outcome.
These results suggest that the matching of client's and counselor's attachment needs to be considered to promote positive working alliance and counseling outcome.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제 5
• 3. 용어정의 6
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 8
• 1. 상담관계와 상담성과 8
• 2. 작업동맹과 상담성과 17
• 3. 애착과 전이애착 21
• 4. 애착과 역전이 관리능력 31
• 5. 연구모형 39
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 42
• 1. 연구대상 42
• 2. 측정도구 42
• 3. 연구절차 48
• 4. 자료분석 49
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 51
• 1. 측정변인의 기술통계 및 상관관계 51
• 2. 내담자와 상담자의 애착변인, 작업동맹 및 상담성과 간의 구조적 관계 53
• 3. 내담자 애착변인과 상담자 애착 간의 상호작용이 작업동맹과 상담성과에 미치는 영향 60
• V. 논의 75
• 1. 내담자와 상담자의 애착변인, 작업동맹 및 상담성과 간의 구조적 관계 75
• 2. 내담자 애착변인과 상담자 애착 간의 상호작용이 작업동맹과 상담성과에 미치는 영향 77
• VI. 결론 및 제언 81
• 참고문헌 84
• 부록 101
• 영문초록 118
• 국문초록 120

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