삶의 의미발견과정에 관한 연구 : 의미추구, 의미발견, 사생관 및 가치관을 중심으로 = (A) study of the process of searching for meaning in life : focused on the search for meaning in life, the presence of meaning in life, a view of life and death, and values.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 삶의 의미의 두 하위요인인 의미추구와 의미발견 각각의 기능과 효과의 독특성 및 삶의 의미발견과정에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 구체화하고자 하였다. 특히 자기초월적이고 영적인 특성을 지닌 삶의 의미만의 고유 특성을 나타낼 것으로 가정된 상위수준의 개념으로서 사생관과 가치관의 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 대학생들을 대상으로 탐색적 조사연구와 설문조사를 실시하였고, 삶의 의미 척도, 삶의 만족도 척도, 심리적 안녕감 척도, 영적 안녕감 척도, 감각추구성향 척도, 이타성 척도, 행동개념화 척도, 사생관 척도 및 가치 척도를 사용하였다.
연구 결과, 의미추구와 의미발견은 각각 구분되는 기능과 효과를 보여주었고, 상위수준의 행동개념화와 사생관 및 가치관이 삶의 의미발견과정에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 선행연구에서 보고된 삶의 의미의 긍정적인 기능과 효과는 대부분 의미발견의 특징임을 확인하였다. 의미추구는 주관적인 안녕감이나 행복감과는 무관하며, 오히려 고통스럽더라도 자기존재에 대한 이해와 자기성장의 동기임을 나타냈다. 특히 감각추구나 이타지향을 통해 밝혀진 의미발견의 효과는 자기초월적이고 이타적인 특성을 나타냈다. 즉, 삶의 의미를 발견한 사람은 감각추구를 하더라도 삶에 만족하지 않는 반면, 삶의 의미를 발견한 사람의 이타지향적인 태도는 삶의 만족도를 높여주었다.
한편 삶의 의미발견과정에서는 상위수준의 행동개념화의 조절효과가 확인되었는데, 이는 삶의 의미를 발견하고자 할 때에는 자기 행동의 목적과 이유를 아는 것이 필요하다는 것이다. 이를 확장시킨 연구에서는 사생관과 가치관이 삶의 의미발견과정에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 삶의 의미발견과정에는 죽음수용, 죽음에 대한 긍정적 의미 및 죽음불안이 영향을 주었고, 성취가치 또한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
요컨대, 삶의 의미를 추구하고자 하는 동기가 있더라도 누구나 의미발견을 하는 것이 아니라는 점에서 의미추구와 의미발견은 구분되는 요인임을 확인하였다. 또한 의미를 찾고자 하는 동기가 의미발견으로 이어지기 위해서는 행동에 대한 상위수준의 행동개념화가 필요함을 검증하였다. 특히 삶의 궁극적인 측면인 죽음에 대한 개인의 태도와 가치관은 이를 관련시켜주는 중요한 요인임을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 삶의 의미를 발견하고자 하는 이들과 이를 돕고자 하는 이들이 속한 교육 및 상담 장면에서 개인의 사생관과 가치관을 염두에 두어야 할 것을 시사한다. 위 연구결과가 상담 및 교육장면에 시사하는 바를 논의하고, 제한점 및 후속연구의 필요성을 제안하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles and effects of the two concepts(the Search for meaning in life and the Presence of meaning in life) and to identify the factors which affect the process of searching for meaning in life. Especially, this study examined the effect of high-level conception of an action on the process of searching for meaning in life by Action Identification theory. The higher concepts are a View of life and death and Values which are supposed to have the self-transcendent and altruistic characteristics of the meaning in life.
Participants in this qualitative and quantitative research were University students. The variable in this survey consisted of the MIL Questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, the Sensation Seeking Scale, the Behavior Identification Form, A view of Life and Death Scale, and the Schwartz Value Survey.
The results of this study are as follows ;
First, the Search for MIL and the Presence of MIL had different roles and effects. Second, the process of Searching for MIL was affected by the higher level of action identification, a view of Life and Death, and Values.
The results revealed most of the positive roles and effects of meaning in life reported in previous studies are not the characteristics of the MIL, or rather the characteristics of the Presence of MIL. Whereas, the Search for MIL had no or negative relation to subjective well-being or happiness but it worked as the motivation for understanding self-existence and self-growth. Moreover, the Presence of MIL had moderated effects on not only between Sense seeker and Satisfaction with life but also between Altruism and Satisfaction with life. That is, among people who got the Presence of MIL, someone seeking sensation had no satisfaction with life while others of altruistic attitudes had high satisfaction with life.
In addition, it was conformed that the high level of action identification has moderated effects on the Process of searching for MIL. This result means that it is important to understand the purpose and the reason of their behavior themselves for having the Presence of MIL. Especially a View of life and death and the Values are the main factors which affect the Process of searching for MIL. In other words, the Process of searching for MIL were affected by Death acceptance, Positive attitude toward death, Death anxiety, and Achievement value.
The summary of this research result is that the Search for MIL and the Presence of MIL are different considering that only someone can get the Presence of MIL among people who try to get it. Also, High level of action identification was necessary for getting the Presence of MIL instead of staying the step of the Search for MIL. Especially, the personal attitude toward death and the value were the key factors to contribute the Process of searching for MIL.
This results implied that someone who try to get the presence of MIL and teachers or counselors who want to help them should consider a view of life and death and the values. This paper discussed the implication of the results of this research in the field of education and counseling and also suggested the limitations and the necessity for further studies.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• 국문요지 ⅴ
• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 이론적 배경 8
• 1) 삶의 의미 8
• 2) 삶의 의미와 행동개념화 18
• 3) 삶의 의미와 사생관 24
• 4) 삶의 의미와 가치관 29
• 3. 연구문제 35
• Ⅱ. 의미추구와 의미발견의 기능 및 효과 39
• 1. 의미추구 및 의미발견에 대한 탐색연구 (연구 1) 39
• 1) 의미발견의 원천 및 의미추구의 계기 42
• 2) 위기와 역경사건 및 대처방법 55
• 2. 의미추구의 기능 및 효과 (연구 2) 60
• 1) 방법 및 절차 61
• 2) 결과 및 논의 62
• 3. 의미발견의 기능 및 효과 (연구 3) 64
• 1) 방법 및 절차 69
• 2) 결과 및 논의 70
• Ⅲ. 삶의 의미발견과정에 영향을 주는 요인 78
• 1. 삶의 의미발견과정의 특징 (연구 4) 78
• 1) 방법 및 절차 80
• 2) 결과 및 논의 81
• 2. 삶의 의미발견과정과 사생관 및 가치관의 관계 (연구 5) 84
• 1) 삶의 의미발견과정과 사생관의 관계 86
• 2) 삶의 의미발견과정과 가치관의 관계 97
• Ⅳ. 종합논의 103
• 1. 연구결과의 요약 103
• 2. 연구결과의 논의 108
• 3. 교육 및 상담에의 시사점 115
• 4. 제한점 및 후속연구에의 제언 118
• 참고문헌 122
• 부 록 140
• ABSTRACT 148
• 연구윤리서약서 국문 151
• 연구윤리서약서 영문 152

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