A semantic network analysis as a method for understanding qualitative user experience in product interactions

이예림 서울대학교 대학원 2017 국내박사

Qualitative research provides useful insights with which to analyze the User Experience (UX). This is distinguished from quantitative research by its inductive form of logic and the research aim of understanding holistic phenomena. Since qualitative research aims to identify intangible factors and explore phenomena without simplifying contextual information, it is difficult to exclude a researcher’s subjectivity during their analysis. In addition, interpreting and analyzing qualitative materials requires much time and effort. Therefore, this dissertation suggests a systematic research method that utilizes user expression data to understand UX. The research starts by transforming textual data into numerical representations using semantic network analysis; three major issues were elucidated from the limitations of existing methods: (1) examining the representativeness of the sample size, (2) eliciting important user values (UV), and (3) evaluating product attributes (PA) with numerical inferences. First, the representativeness of sample size was examined by observing the stability of a semantic network. Among the semantic networks generated from the text, subnetworks were sampled from the original network to vary the sample size. Then, similarities between subnetworks and the original were calculated by applying correlation analysis to node-level centralities. Three case studies that were composed of two interview datasets and one online review data were presented; these proved that this method could be applicable for both small and large samples. Second, a mixed-method research approach was introduced to suggest appropriate camera shutter press sounds. In qualitative research, important UVs were elicited by analyzing terms with high centralities in a semantic network. The elicited UVs were then used as questionnaire items in quantitative research to represent UV with numerical values. The result demonstrated user satisfaction models for shutter press sounds and the relationships between UV and PA by adopting the concept of psychoacoustic variables. Third, the importance of UV and their relations to PA were examined based on qualitative research on vacuum cleaners. Seven types of network centrality were used to weight the UVs, which resulted in UX quantification models. These models’ goodness-of-fit were compared to the results of quantitative research. Then, the links between UV and PA nodes were identified. Since statistical analysis without a proper theoretical interpretation may mislead users, qualitative data can assist quantitative research by examining the sematic associations between UV and PA. Compared to traditional qualitative studies, the proposed method in this dissertation has a competitive edge for reducing the cost, effort, and subjectivity. Determining the smallest sample size that can achieve network stability is a novel data collection strategy that attempts to maximize effectiveness while minimizing both cost and effort. Utilizing this method allows UX researchers and practitioners to collect the optimal sample size by gradually increasing their sample sizes. Important UVs were elicited in the process of evaluating UX, and their importance was quantified to build a UX quantification model. Transferring qualitative descriptions to the quantitative models allows researchers to understand UX more efficiently by reducing the process of collecting numerical data on each UV. Lastly, important PA and their relations to UV were identified. Although centrality measures were not proportional to the correlation level, semantic associations between UV and PA could be identified. Considering that huge amounts of text data are being generated and collected every day, the suggested method is expected to be useful for practical applications when developing products.

Usage of marketing research in marketing decision-making through examination of Ben & Jerry's Homemade Ice-cream, Inc.

사인석 Graduate School, Yonsei University 2004 국내석사

이 논문에서는 Ben & Jerry's Homemade Ice-cream, Inc. 케이스를 통해 특별히 마케팅 리서치를 통한 시장 정보의 수집과 이용에 관한 보다 실질적인 방법을 찾아보고자 했다. 먼저, 마케팅 리서치와 마케팅 의사 결정에 관한 이론적 배경을 알아보았으며, Ben & Jerry's 와 수퍼 프리미엄 아이스크림 시장에 대한 전반적 상황을 소개하였다. 그리고 Ben & Jerry's가 현재 사용하고 있는 마케팅 리서치에 관해 분석하였으며, Ben & Jerry's에게 유용할 만한 새로운 마케팅 리서치 기법 네 가지를 제안해보았다. 새로운 공장 투어 코스: 그 지역에서 가장 유명한 관광 명소로 알려져있는 공장 투어에 ‘마케팅 리서치 세션'을 하나의 공식 코스로 추가하여, 맛 테스트, 포장 및 홍보 수단에 관한 평가 같은 간단한 시장 조사를 수행할 수 있겠다. 인터넷 커뮤니티 개설: 특이하고 실험적인 맛은 Ben & Jerry's의 상징이다. 마케터는 이 독특성을 유지하기 위해 좀 더 지속적이고 안정적인 정보 소스를 확보하는 것이 필요할 것이고, 온라인 커뮤니티는 하나의 좋은 통로가 될 것이다. 전문가 모니터링: 아이스크림은 감성적인 소비자 제품이 때문에 타겟 소비자의 기호와 라이프 스타일 변화를 제대로 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서, 소비자들을 모니터링하고 시장의 변화와 그 이유를 파악하는 것이 핵심인 전문가 모니터링 방법이 마케터의 이러한 필요를 충족시켜줄 것으로 보인다. 타 산업과 연계한 마케팅 리서치: 타 산업의 회사와 공동으로 마케팅 리서치를 시행하거나 혹은 타 산업에서 사용하는 마케팅 리서치 방법을 적용해 봄으로써 독특하고 차별화된 아이디어를 발견할 기회를 갖게 될 수 있다. 지금까지 살펴본 방법론은 보다 효율적인 정보 수집을 위해 중요하다. 하지만, 더욱 강조되어져야할 것은 회사가 시장 정보와 지식을 공유할 수 있는 문화를 만들고, 매일의 의사 결정에 이것들을 전적으로 이용할 수 있어야 한다는 것이다. In this project, I have tried to identify practical ways to improve collection and usage of market information, specially focused on market research, through examination of Ben & Jerry's Homemade Ice-cream, Inc. In the first part, the theoretical backgrounds of marketing research and marketing decision-making were talked. And then, the overview of Ben & Jerry's and super premium ice cream market were introduced. Finally, the analysis of Ben & Jerry's current market research was discussed, and the following new four marketing research techniques were proposed. New Factory Tour Course: ‘Marketing Research Session' could be formalized as one part of the factory tour, which has been the largest tourist destination. The surveys such as taste testing, package changes or promotion tools evaluation are recommendable. Establishing Internet Communities: The continuous offering of wacky and experimental flavors is Ben & Jerry's symbol as well as its unique selling proposition. Marketers definitely need to have more continuous and stable source for it. And online community would be a good solution. Expert Monitoring: Since ice cream is emotional consumer goods, it is critical to read the trend and the lifestyle changes of target consumers to meet their needs. Expert monitoring seems proper to achieve it because the primary role of monitors is to watch customers and find out any changes and reasons in the market. Cooperation with other industry regarding marketing research: If the company cooperates with a firm in other industry when conducting marketing research, or adapts the market research techniques used, it gives an opportunity to find unique and differentiated ideas. The methodologies that have been reviewed and discussed above are important. However, the foremost thing to be emphasized is that a company must build the culture to SHARE the market information and knowledge and fully UTILIZE them in daily decision-makings

북한의학 학술지와 수록 원문을 통해 본 북한의학 연구의 특성 : 내과를 중심으로

하신 고려대학교 2017 국내박사

Objectives: Through papers and medical journals of North Korea the author identifies the characteristics of the papers and the journals and identifies the characteristics of internal medicine research. Methods: The study subjects are 2,092 papers included in 'Internal Medicine' and 9 kinds of medical journals of North Korea. Research methods are quantitative and qualitative research including literature review. Quantitative research is to extract characteristics through collected the study subjects. Qualitative research is to evaluate the study subjects with evaluation tools created for this study. Results: The North Korean medical journals were securing regularity and there were two publications. Journals did not provide important information internally, including the method of submission. The five journals covered the same subject as the journal title, and the papers of the entire medical subject were also included in the subject field. There were four journals containing several papers related to NCD. Eight journals, excluding one journal, were generally composed of papers with the same article structure. The characteristics of the papers were as follows. The volume of papers were around 2pages. The papers were described in left and right spaces. English was limited to the abstract only. Image use was only 2% of the total, and the photographs were 0.1% of the total. The reference was used in about six or so, not in the text. Most of the papers, except for some, did not provide keywords. At 56% of the whole papers, the purpose of the research was revealed as the North Korean top leaders' teachings. No specific statistical methods or epidemiological indicators were indicated in the papers case-control studies were common in experimental studies. There were no cases in which the results of the research were negative, and none of the references were related to the code of ethics. Gastroenterology was the most studied in 'Internal Medicine'. The number of issuances by year increased from 2008 but was not continuous. Compared with IHME data, the author could confirm ischemic heart disease, COPD, asthma and diabetes. There have been many studies on diseases of stomach and duodenum in gastroenterology, hypertension in cardiology, respiratory infectious diseases in pulmonology, glomerular diseases in nephrology, and diabetes mellitus in endocrinology. The evaluation results of the North Korean medical journals and the papers were not good because it was difficult to confirm the absence of information and the facts of the main information. As a result of the evaluation of papers, the appropriateness of medical knowledge was 43.7%, the freshness was 33.9%, and the originality and research design suitability were evaluated as 36.3% and 33.2%. The overall score of the thesis was 4.31 on average and 2.31 on average Conclusion: The characteristic of North Korean medical research is that it has a unique appearance in North Korea due to isolation and disconnection. It has contributed to the enhancement of the residents' well-being by carrying out the demands of the North Korean government, has been conducting research in a limited environment, and has preserved its unique characteristics. In addition, the North Korean medical journals have been functioning as a space for academic sharing, and it is important that researches related to Koryo medicine continue to be carried out. When exchanges become active or unified, they can be used in important areas such as development of natural substance new drug. The proposal is that research on North Korea needs to maintain an objective perspective, and it cannot be an absolute indicator to explain North Korea through the results of the research. In addition, there is a need to continue research on non-political tendencies related to North Korea. Finally, the academic approach to North Korean medicine should be continued, and it should be prepared so that it can be used as an objective data for establishing the basis for the establishment of the policy through the continuation of the same research as the present study. 목적: 북한 의학의 학문적 성과이며 축적물인 북한의학학술지들과 수록된 원문들을 통해 학술지와 수록 원문의 특성을 파악하고 북한 의학자들의 내과 연구의 특성을 파악한다. 방법: 연구 대상은 북한의학학술지 9종과 ‘내과’에 수록된 원문 2,092편이다. 연구 방법은 문헌고찰을 포함한 양적 연구와 질적 연구이다. 양적 연구는 수집한 북한의학학술지와 해당 원문들을 통해서 양적인 특징을 추출하는 것이며 질적 연구는 북한의학학술지와 내과의 질적 수준과 의료의 질을 평가하기 위한 평가 도구를 제작하여 평가하는 것이다. 결과: 북한의학학술지들은 정규성을 확보하고 있었고 발행처는 2곳이었으며 내부에 투고를 포함한 주요 정보를 제시하여 주지 않고 있었다. 5종이 학술지명과 동일한 주제를 다루고 있었고 특정 주제 분야를 대상으로 하고 있어도 의학 주제 전반의 원문을 수록하고 있었다. NCD와 관련된 원문을 많이 수록하고 있는 학술지는 4종이었다. 학술지 1종을 제외한 8종은 동일한 원문 구조를 가진 원문을 수록하는 것이 일반적이었다. 원문 서술의 특징은 2페이지 내외의 분량을 가지면서 좌우 2단으로 서술하는 방식이었고 영어는 초록에 한해서 제한적으로 사용하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이미지 사용은 전체 원문대비 2%에 불과하였고 사진은 0.1%이었다. 레퍼런스는 6개 내외로 사용하고 있었고 본문에 표기하지는 않았다. 키워드는 제시하지 않는 것이 일반적이다. 연구 목적은 북한 최고 지도자 교시를 56%에서 밝히고 있었고 통계에 대한 구체적인 방법과 역학지표를 표기하지 않았다. 실험연구에 있어서는 case-control study가 일반적이었다. 연구 결과가 부정적인 경우는 한 건도 없었고 윤리규정과 관련된 언급도 한 건도 없었다. ‘내과’에서 소화기가 가장 많이 연구되고 있었고 실험연구에 있어서는 고려의학과 관련된 연구를 수행한 원문이 많았고 연도별 발행 수는 2008년을 기점으로 증가하나 지속적이지 않았다. IHME의 자료와 비교했을 때 허혈성심장질환, COPD, 천식과 당뇨병 등을 확인할 수 있었다. 소화기에서는 위십이지장 관련 질환이 순환기에서는 고혈압, 호흡기에서는 감염성질환을 많이 연구하고 있었고 신장의 경우 사구체질환, 내분비의 경우 당뇨병 연구가 많이 수행되었다. 북한의학학술지와 수록 원문의 평가 결과 평가를 위한 정보 부재 및 객관적 사실 확인이 어려운 부분이 있어 결과를 통한 긍정적 고찰은 어려운 부분이 있었다. 원문의 경우 의학지식 적절성은 43.7%, 최신성은 33.9%, 독창성과 연구 설계 적합성은 36.3%와 33.2%가 적합하다고 평가되었으며 논문의 전반적인 점수는 4점 만점에 평균값이 2.31이었다. 결론: 북한의학 연구의 특성은 단절과 고립에 따라 북한 고유의 모습을 가지고 있다는 것이다. 또한 북한 정부가 요구하는 것을 충실히 수행하며 주민의 건장증진에 이바지하였고 제한된 환경에서 지속적으로 연구를 수행하여왔으며 북한만의 특수성을 잘 보존하여왔다고 판단된다. 또한 북한의학학술지는 제한적이나마 학술공유의 공간으로 기능을 수행하여왔으며 고려의학와 관련된 연구가 지속적으로 진행되어온 것은 중요한 의미를 가진다고 하겠다. 이는 후일 교류가 활발해지거나 통일이 되었을 때 천연물신약 개발과 같은 부분에서 중요하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 제언은 북한을 대상으로 하는 연구는 객관적 시각을 유지해야할 필요가 있다는 것이며 도출된 연구결과가 북한을 설명하는 절대적 지표가 될 수 없다는 것이다. 더불어 북한과 관련된 비정치적 성향의 연구가 지속되어야할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 북한 의학에 대한 학문적 접근을 게을리 해서는 안 될 것이며 본 연구와 같은 연구의 지속을 통해 북한의 실상을 파악할 수 있는 근거를 확보, 정책 수립을 위한 객관적 자료로 활용할 수 있도록 준비해야 할 것이다.

기혼자들의 결혼유지와 이혼결정 과정분석

노진숙 경성대학교 대학원 2013 국내박사

Doctoral Dissertation An Analysis on Marital Maintenance and Divorce Decision Process of Married Persons Noh, Chin-Suk Department of Education Graduate School Kyungsung University Advisor : Cheon, Seong-Moon Abstract The purpose of this research is to understand the meanings and the essence of the married persons’ experiences of the marital maintenance process and the divorce decision process. To achieve this purpose, this researcher had 247 married persons write their own experiences and thoughts on the self-report type semi-structured questionnaire, and based on this, 3 raters gathered together and derived the results using the consensual qualitative analysis method and the categorization method and one inspector inspected the results and the final results were derived. First, in the marital maintenance group, the spouse factor was found to be the biggest factor for conflict and the differences arising from marriage life with spouse were the biggest cause of conflict. The marital intimacy of the persons in this group was rather high as they usually did conversations, expression of intimacy, and positive emotional expressions and physical affection actively and they showed efforts and initiatives to solve the problems in conflict resolution. Many of them thoughts of divorce negatively but some of them showed positive perception such as support, encouragement, and envy, so it could be seen that the perception about divorce was gradually changing. The marital maintenance factors of the marital maintenance group were found to be positive emotion toward spouse, the thought to maintain marriage by the spouse refusing divorce. And the factors also included the hurt felt by children, difficulty in child-rearing, and the hurt and anxiety felt by parents. Second, the causes of marital conflicts in the divorce decision group were found to be partly spouse, the lack of prudence in marriage decision, disappointment in oneself depending too much on the spouse. In the divorce decision group, it was found that the expression of intimacy was not positive and there were almost no conversations, positive support, and physical affection. And it was found that when marital conflicts occurred, they either evaded the conflicts or expressed the negative emotion with aggressiveness. They recognize divorce with understanding and support and positive emotion, and they considered the deterioration of child problems, fear and anxiety, and negative social perception as negative factors. These persons decided divorce from their own viewpoint such as, feelings toward the spouse changed, their own life was more important than living in difficulties, and perception about marriage changed, and the factors for divorce decision included the things caused by the spouse, such as economic difficulties with the spouse, problematic behavior, diseases, and disappointment in parents who did not care during difficult times, the hurt to be felt by children, the independence of children. The difficulties they have to undergo after divorce included not only economic problems but also emotional problems, problems in later years, negative eyes from society, the sense of alienation in human relations, apathy of family members, and saving face in relatives. The positive experiences after divorce, they cited the momentum to start self-improvement and new life through divorce, emotional stability, overcoming difficulties amid the difficulties of the family, and children becoming more understanding and considerate toward their parents. As the supports that they wanted after divorce, they cited changes in social perception into divorce being regarded as the start of new life, emotional care in human relations and psychological support, economic support, and welfare benefits in social adaptation training, support in legal and social institutions such as visitation right, and child-rearing autonomy. Third, the factors for marital maintenance and divorce decision are divided roughly into three factors: one’s own factors, spouse factors, and family factors. As one’s own factors, the marital maintenance group had positive feelings toward the spouse, and made efforts for the family and the spouse, and took responsibility for the marriage decision. And they tried to maintain marriage because they were not prepared for divorce. In the divorce decision group, however, it was found that the feelings toward the spouse was negative, and they thought that one’s own self was more important than family or spouse, so they decided to divorce. As the spouse factors, the persons in the marital maintenance group responded that they could not decide to divorce due to the refusal from the spouse, the fear for the revenge from the spouse, and the persons in the divorce decision group responded that the factors for divorce decision were economic problems and the spouse’s problematic behavior such as drinking problems, gambling, negligence and irresponsibility for family, and the spouse’s diseases. As the family factors, the marital maintenance group cited, as the marital maintenance factors, the anxiety about their children’s future, the family members’ negative attitude toward divorce, support for parents and parents-in-law, the shock and anxiety to be felt by the parents. The divorce decision group cited, as the factors for divorce decision, disappointment in parents who did not care their children’s difficulties, the hurt and confusion to be felt by the children due to marital conflicts, the children’s independence due to their studies or marriage. Based on the above-mentioned facts, the following suggestions are made. First, the subjects of this research were limited to the married persons, those before getting divorce, and those experienced divorce, who were living in the Busan and Gyeongnam region, so in order to generalize the results of the researches, the sampling population needs to be expanded nationwide in the follow-up researches. Second, this research was conducted by dividing the subjects into the marital maintenance group and the divorce decision group by means of the semi-structured questionnaires. The experience report forms of the divorced persons which were smaller than the questionnaire forms of the married persons had the limitations of being unable to contain the meanings sufficiently. The follow-up researches need to conduct more in-depth researches by comparing the two groups by interviews through questionnaires. Third, in the marital conflict-coping methods, this research examined the spouse’s coping methods from one’s own viewpoint. So, conflict-coping methods in conflict circumstances were not examined from the viewpoint of both sides. In the follow-up researches, researches on more in-depth marital conflict-coping methods need to be made by making husband and wife should be made into a pair and examining the changes in coping methods as the party who first attempts to resolve the conflicts or time changes. Fourth, this research divided the subjects into the marital maintenance group and the divorce decision group and attempted to examine the experiences of divorce decision process. So due to the difference in the gender ratio of the subjects, there are limitations to establishing the perception gap between male and female in marital maintenance and divorce decision. In the follow-up researches, more in-depth researches on gender gap with regard to the factors influencing male and female conflict-coping method patterns and divorce decisions need to be made. Keywords: Marriage maintenance process, Divorce decision process, Consensual QualitativeResearch, Categorization

농인 수어통역센터장의 역할정체성 형성 경험에 관한 현상학적 연구

고재정 대구대학교 대학원 2024 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to explore the formation of role identity, which is a self-awareness of the social role of the deaf director of sign language interpretation center given to him, and the meaning and nature of the experience. By looking at the experience of forming a role identity of the director of sign language interpretation center for deaf people, which has not received attention so far, it is intended to help develop the sign language interpretation center, which plays a role at the forefront to promote the welfare of the deaf. Deaf people are people who use a special language called sign language as their first language, and their language forms a deaf culture in a deaf society and coexists with the mainstream society of the hearing people. However, rather than acknowledging the language differences of deaf people, the hearing society used to suppress them with social prejudice and discrimination. And only socially devalued roles were assigned. In this regard, self-awareness of the socially valuable role of being the director of the center of sign language interpretation center, a social welfare facility, can contribute to the improvement of the welfare of not only the director of the center for the deaf, but also the entire society for the deaf. In order to resolve social prejudice and discrimination of deaf people and promote social welfare, it is very important to study the formation and change process of role identity conscious of the social expectations and roles given to the director of the deaf center himself. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the meaning of the stories of life as a deaf person and the experiences of performing the social role of the director of sign language interpretation center. The research question to achieve such research objectives was set as "What is the meaning and nature of the experience according to the formation and change process of the role identity of the deaf director of sign language interpretation center?". In order to solve this research problem, the deaf director of the center is the most comfortable communication method, and a qualitative research method was chosen to contain self-awareness about their experiences and roles as a sign language used in everyday language. And a phenomenological research method suitable for understanding the nature and meaning of the experience of the deaf director of the center was carried out. In addition, Giorgi(1985)'s phenomenological and qualitative research method was used to translate and describe the sign language stated by the research participants as it is, and to derive a semantic structure according to the entire context of time and space by converting the described content into the academic term of the researcher. The uniqueness of the study participants was explained in detail in situational structural statements, and in general structural statements, the experience of the entire study participants was integrated. Participants in this study routinely use sign language as a first language, and intentionally sampled five incumbent deaf directors of center who have been active in deaf organizations for a long time. Considering the characteristics of deaf people who use sign language as a daily language, the entire process of the interview was conducted by a researcher, a state-certified sign language interpreter, talking in sign language. The data analysis method translated the photographed sign language video and transcribed it into Korean, and analyzed the meaning and essence of the experience by repeatedly reviewing the transcribed data and sign language videos. As a result of the data analysis, 26 themes and 5 essential themes were derived from 125 semantic units, excluding overlapping and out-of-context semantic units, out of 502 semantic units about the experience of forming role identity of the deaf director of sign language interpretation center. Essential themes were 'formation of deaf identity', 'role behavior of the director of social welfare facilities', 'self-evaluation of social roles', 'identity of leaders leading the deaf society', and 'role identity from a rewarding life to the future'. Taking these analysis results together, the essential meaning of the experience of forming a role identity of the deaf director of sign language interpretation center can be seen as "creating a new life for deaf people by strengthening the identity of deaf people in the process of performing the social role of the director of sign language interpretation center". Through the results of this study, it was possible to confirm the formation and change process of role identity in the social status of deaf people as the director of sign language interpretation center, recognizing and acting on their own. The experience of the formation of the role identity of the deaf director of center changed his ego, which had previously been given a degraded role, and made him have an identity with a valuable social role. Since the change of identity enables a new life, the deaf director of the center live a new life of the deaf in our society and present a new life of the deaf. The social exclusion and alienation of deaf people, which were previously fixed, revealed their identity as 'Deaf', a confident member of the mainstream society. Based on the above research results, theoretical, practical, and policy implications were presented. First, the theoretical implications suggested the need for a special theoretical approach to deaf people with two characteristics: 'Deaf' and 'Director of the Sign Language Interpretation Center'. It suggested that it can be applied to studies related to the role identity of socially marginalized classes such as the deaf, the disabled, the elderly, and multiculturalism. In terms of research methodology, it is meaningful that it became the first qualitative study to explore the nature of the experience of forming the role identity of the deaf director of the center, and it opened the possibility of research on grounded theory. Second, the practical implication was that the formation of the role identity of the deaf director of the center was very important for the development of the sign language interpretation center and the promotion of the welfare of the deaf. It is significant in improving the function of sign language interpretation services and looking at the pivotal role of the deaf director of the center in the delivery system process. It also suggested the necessity of carrying out various projects to establish a systematic system that can activate the functions of the welfare project and sign language interpretation center suitable for the characteristics of the deaf and to revitalize the deaf society. In addition, sign language interpreters also demanded the creation of a social environment in which they were independent in improving the welfare of the deaf and could also have the concept of a party to the welfare of the deaf. Third, the policy implications are the establishment of an active work support policy that allows the deaf director of the center to faithfully perform his social role, the improvement of the working environment of workers, including the director of the sign language interpretation center, the expansion of social workers who can take charge of welfare programs for the deaf, the same budget support as other organizations for the disabled, and the improvement of the salary conditions for facility workers, including the director of the sign language interpretation center. In addition, it suggested the necessity of creating an environment in which deaf people can actively participate in politics. Keywords : Deaf, sign language interpretation center, director of center, role identity, phenomenological and qualitative research 이 연구는 사회복지시설인 수어통역센터의 농인 센터장이 자신에게 주어진 센터장이라는 사회적 역할에 대한 자기인식인 역할정체성의 형성과 그에 따른 경험의 의미와 본질을 탐구하는 데 목적이 있다. 지금까지 주목받지 못했던 농인 수어통역센터장의 역할정체성 형성 경험을 조망하여 농인 복지증진을 위해 최일선에서 역할을 담당하고 있는 수어통역센터의 발전에 도움이 되고자 한다. 농인은 수어라는 특수한 언어를 제1 언어로 일상적으로 사용하고 있는 사람이며, 이들의 언어는 농인 사회 속에서 농인 문화를 형성하며 청인 주류사회와 공존하고 있다. 그러나 청인 사회는 농인의 언어적 차이를 인정하기보다는 사회적 편견과 차별로 이들을 억압하곤 했다. 그리고 사회적으로 가치 저하된 역할만 부여되었다. 이런 면에서 사회복지시설인 수어통역센터의 센터장이라는 사회적으로 가치 있는 역할에 대한 자기인식은 농인 센터장 자신은 물론 농인 사회 전체의 복지향상에 이바지할 수 있을 것이다. 농인의 사회적 편견과 차별을 해소하고 사회복지증진을 위해서는 농인 센터장 자신이 점유한 사회적 지위에서 부여된 사회적 기대와 역할을 의식하는 역할정체성의 형성과 변화과정에 관한 연구는 매우 중요하다. 그래서 농인으로서 삶의 이야기와 수어통역센터장이라는 사회적 역할수행에 따른 경험들에 대한 의미를 조망할 필요가 있다. 이와 같은 연구목적을 달성하기 위한 연구 문제는 “농인 수어통역센터장의 역할정체성 형성과 변화과정에 따른 경험의 의미와 본질은 무엇인가?”로 설정하였다. 이 연구 문제를 해결하기 위해서 농인 센터장의 가장 편한 의사소통 방식이며 일상언어로 사용하는 수어로 그들의 경험과 역할에 관한 자기인식을 담고자 질적 연구방법을 선택하였다. 그리고 농인 센터장의 경험들에 본질과 그 의미는 무엇인지 이해하는 데 적합한 현상학적 연구방법을 수행하였다. 또한, 연구참여자가 진술한 수어 언어를 있는 그대로 번역하여 서술하고, 기술된 내용을 연구자의 학문적 용어로 전환하여 시·공간상의 전체 맥락에 따른 의미 구조를 도출할 수 있는 Giorgi(1985)의 현상학적 질적 연구방법을 활용했다. 상황적 구조 진술에서 연구참여자의 독특성을 자세히 설명하고, 일반적 구조 진술에서는 전체 연구참여자의 경험에 대한 통합성을 갖도록 했다. 이 연구의 참여자는 수어를 제1 언어로 일상적으로 사용하고 있으며, 농인 조직에서 오랫동안 활동해 왔던 현직 농인 센터장 5명을 의도적으로 표집하였다. 수어를 일상언어로 사용하는 농인의 특성을 고려하여 면담의 모든 과정은 국가공인 수어통역사인 연구자가 수어로 대화하며 이루어졌다. 자료분석방법은 촬영된 수어 동영상을 번역하여 한글로 필사하였으며, 필사된 자료와 수어 동영상을 반복적으로 검토하면서 경험의 의미와 본질을 찾아가는 방법으로 분석했다. 자료 분석결과 농인 수어통역센터장의 역할정체성 형성 경험에 대한 502개의 의미 단위 중에서 중복되는 부분과 맥락에서 벗어난 의미 단위들을 제외한 125개의 의미 단위에서 드러난 주제 26개와 본질적 주제 5개를 도출하였다. 본질적 주제는 ‘농정체성의 형성’, ‘사회복지시설장의 역할 행동’, ‘사회적 역할에 대한 자기 평가’, ‘농인 사회를 이끄는 리더의 정체성’, ‘보람된 삶에서 미래로 향하는 역할정체성’으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 종합해 볼 때, 농인 수어통역센터장의 역할정체성 형성 경험의 본질적인 의미는 “수어통역센터장이라는 사회적 역할 수행과정에서 농인 정체성을 더욱 확고히 다지며 새로운 농인의 삶을 창조하다”로 볼 수 있다. 이 연구의 결과를 통해서 농인이 수어통역센터장이라는 사회적 지위를 점유하고 스스로 사회적 역할을 인식하며 행동하는 것에서 역할정체성의 형성과 변화과정을 확인할 수 있었다. 농인 센터장의 역할정체성 형성에 따른 경험은 기존에 가치 저하된 역할을 부여받던 자신의 자아를 바꾸어 가치 있는 사회적 역할을 가지고 있는 정체성을 지니게 했다. 정체성의 변화는 새로운 삶을 가능하게 하기에 농인 센터장들은 우리 사회에서 새로운 농인의 삶을 살며, 새로운 농인의 인생을 제시하는 것이다. 기존에 고착되었던 농인의 사회적 배제와 소외는 이들로 말미암아 주류사회의 당당한 구성원인 ‘농인’이라는 정체성을 드러나게 했다. 위와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 이론적, 실천적, 정책적 함의를 제시하였다. 첫째, 이론적 함의는 ‘농인’과 ‘수어통역센터장’이라는 두 가지 특성을 가진 농인에 대하여 특수한 이론적 접근의 필요성을 제시해주었다. 농인, 장애인, 노인, 다문화 등 사회적으로 소외된 계층의 역할정체성과 관련된 연구에 적용될 수 있음을 시사했다. 연구방법론적으로 농인 센터장의 역할정체성 형성 경험의 본질을 탐구하게 된 최초의 질적 연구가 되었다는 데 의미가 있으며 근거이론 연구의 가능성도 열어주었다. 둘째, 실천적 함의는 농인 센터장의 역할정체성 형성은 수어통역센터의 발전과 농인 복지증진에 매우 중요함을 의미했다. 수어통역서비스의 기능을 개선하고 전달체계 과정에서 농인 센터장의 중추적인 역할을 조망한 데에 의의가 있다. 농인의 특성에 맞는 복지사업과 수어통역센터의 기능을 활성화할 수 있는 체계적 시스템 구축 및 농인 사회의 활성화를 위해 다양한 사업 수행의 필요성도 제시하였다. 그리고 청인 통역사도 농인 복지향상에 있어서 주체적으로 활동하며, 농인 복지의 당사자 개념도 지닐 수 있는 사회적 환경의 조성을 요구했다. 셋째, 정책적 함의는 농인 센터장이 사회적 역할을 충실히 수행할 수 있는 적극적인 근로 지원 정책의 수립, 수어통역센터의 센터장을 비롯하여 종사자들의 근무환경을 개선, 농인 복지사업을 전담할 수 있는 사회복지사의 확충, 농아인협회도 타 장애인단체와 동등한 예산지원, 수어통역센터장을 비롯한 시설 종사자의 급여조건이 개선되어야 함을 제안하였다. 그리고 농인도 적극적인 정치참여가 가능한 환경 조성의 필요성을 제시하였다. 주제어 : 농인, 수어통역센터, 수어통역센터장, 역할정체성, 현상학적 질적 연구

대안학교 경험에 관한 내러티브 연구

김주평 연세대학교 교육대학원 2020 국내석사

This research started from the awareness of the problems that public education schools were focusing on functionalist education, putting students into the competition for status and making them uneasy, and therefore were having difficulties in the practice of value education. It tried to confirm the educational meaning of alternative schools by finding out if the role in coping with these problems had been practiced by alternative schools. For this, six adult research participants with experience in alternative schools were selected and interviewed, and the contents were analyzed by qualitative narrative inquiry methods. As a result of the research, the experience of alternative schools changed the research participants’ overall thoughts about learning. However, some participants in the research did not change their thoughts about learning, or it was changed, but it has not been maintained so far. Alternative school experiences also influenced the anxiety of research participants. Qualification exam, friends, communication with teachers, comparison, Christianity, freedom, and activity turned out to be factors that had positive or negative effects on the anxiety of research participants. Lastly, the experience of alternative schools instilled Christian values, the value of self-pioneering, and the value of relationships into research participants. While some research participants felt that the value of Christian obedience and unconditional faith had been altered as a means to control students, there were still research participants who practiced the value of Christian love encountered in alternative schools in their lives. The value of self-pioneering is ‘to find one’s own way and what one want to do through various experiences autonomously, choose it courageously and challenge to produce results, and repeat the process of thinking and making choices to continue to develop through experiences from the results.’ The value of relationships is the value found in the experience of learning human relationship skills such as manners, attitudes, and methods of dealing with people in a small society called alternative school and successfully applying it to social life after alternative school. This research is meaningful in that it was able to partially introduce the educational meaning of alternative schools in Korean society by specifically identifying and presenting the various influences and effects of alternative school experiences and values on research participants. 본 연구는 공교육 학교가 기능주의 교육에 치중하여 학생을 지위 경쟁에 몰아넣고 불안하게 만들고 있으며, 이에 따라 가치교육의 실천에도 어려움이 있다는 문제의식에서 출발하여 이러한 문제들에 대처하는 역할을 대안학교가 잘 수행해왔는지 알아봄으로써 대안학교의 교육적 의미를 확인하고자 했다. 이를 위해 대안학교 재학 경험이 있는 성인 연구참여자 6명을 선정하여 인터뷰했고, 그 내용을 질적 내러티브 탐구방법으로 분석했다. 연구 결과, 대안학교 경험은 연구참여자들의 공부에 대한 생각을 전반적으로 변화시켰다. 그러나 일부 연구참여자는 공부에 대한 생각이 변화하지 않았거나, 변화했지만 현재까지 그 변화를 유지하지 못하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 대안학교 경험은 연구참여자들의 불안에도 영향을 주었다. 검정고시, 친구, 선생님과의 소통, 비교, 기독교, 자유, 활동 등이 연구참여자들의 불안에 긍정적 혹은 부정적 영향을 준 요소들로 나타났다. 끝으로 대안학교 경험은 연구참여자들에게 기독교적 가치, 자기 개척의 가치, 인간관계의 가치를 심어주었다. 기독교의 순종과 무조건적 믿음이라는 가치가 학생을 통제하기 위한 수단으로 변질되었다고 느끼는 연구참여자가 있던 반면, 대안학교에서 접한 기독교적 사랑의 가치를 지금도 자신의 삶에서 실천하며 살아가는 연구참여자도 있었다. 자기 개척의 가치는 ‘남들과는 다른 자신만의 길과 하고 싶은 일을 다양한 경험을 통해 자율적으로 찾아서 용기 있게 선택하고 도전하여 결과를 내고, 그 결과를 경험 삼아 계속 발전해나가기 위해 생각하고 선택하는 과정을 반복하는 것’이었다. 인간관계의 가치는 대안학교라는 작은 사회에서 함께 지내며 사람을 대하는 태도와 자세, 방법 등의 인간관계 기술을 배우고, 이를 대안학교 이후의 사회생활에 성공적으로 적용한 경험에서 발견한 가치였다. 본 연구는 대안학교 경험과 가치가 연구참여자들에게 주었던 여러 영향과 작용을 구체적으로 확인하고 제시하여 한국사회에서 대안학교가 지니는 교육적 의미를 부분적으로나마 소개할 수 있었다는 점에서 의미가 있다고 여긴다.

저소득층 초등학교 고학년생들의 학습동기와 학습기술 향상을 위한 독서치료 프로그램 실행연구

이경희 평택대학교 상담대학원 2009 국내석사

최근 사교육의 비중이 커지면서 계층간 교육수준 불균형과 격차가 심각해지고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 많은 저소득층 학습자들이 학교에서 소외감을 느끼며 학업을 통하여 사회적으로 성공할 수 있다는 희망을 갖지 못하고 있다. 따라서 저소득층 학습자들에게 자기주도적으로 학습할 수 있도록 조력하는 것이 그 어느 때보다 절실하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 저소득층 초등학교 고학년 학생의 학습동기와 학습기술 향상을 위한 독서치료 집단상담 프로그램을 구안하고, 프로그램을 진행하면서 참여자들이 어떠한 경험을 하였고 그 의미는 무엇인지 탐구하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 연구방법으로서 질적 실행연구를 선택하였다. 연구자는 10회기 프로그램을 구안하고 각 회기마다 계획-실행-반성이 반복되는 나선구조형으로 연구과정을 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 방식으로 자료를 수집하였다. 먼저 연구자 자신부터 도구로서 사용하여 각 회기마다 자료를 기록하고 취합하였다. 회기별 반성자료들은 다음 회기 실행연구에 반영하였다. 관찰자를 두어 보다 객관적인 시점에서 삼각검증이 가능한 자료를 제공받았다. 참여자들이 속해있는 지역아동센타 실무자인 교사와의 면담은 간접적인 부모면담의 효과까지 겸할 수 있었다. 무엇보다 참여자 5명이 프로그램 참여과정에서 나타낸 반응이 가장 중요하게 다루어졌다. 모든 자료는 녹취하고 코딩하고 분류하여 경험 분석 자료로 활용하였다. 예비연구를 통하여 사전 구안한 프로그램은 실행과정에서 참여자 집단에 맞추어 변모하였다. 참여자들은 말이 없고 각자 정서적인 결핍을 가지고 있었다. 프로그램을 진행하며 연구자의 질문에 대답하기 어려워하는 참여자들에게 짧게 객관식으로 물어서 대답을 할 수 있도록 유도하였고, 간단한 퀴즈나 게임을 넣어서 참여자들이 보다 재미있게 참여할 수 있도록 프로그램의 진행방식을 수정하였다. 그리고 참여자들이 집에서 별도로 과제를 해오기 어려운 점을 감안하여 가능한 프로그램 내에서 모든 활동이 이루어지도록 하였다. 프로그램 회기가 진행될수록 참여자들은 학습에 대한 의지와 희망을 담은 말을 점차 많이 하게 되었고, 독서자료에 나오는 등장인물과 친숙하게 동화되고 동일시되었다. 적극적인 공감과 지지를 받을수록 우울과 따돌림과 의기소침한 상태에서 점차 벗어날 수 있었다. 그리고 자기관리 기술, 수업참여 기술, 과제해결 기술, 정보처리 기술, 시험관리 기술 등 학습기술을 배우고 익힐 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 연구자는 사회경제적으로 소외되고 가정에서 정서적으로 편하지 않은 참여자들이 증상으로 표현할 수밖에 없던 불행감에 공감하며, 독서치료사로서 이들의 학습능력 향상을 위해 조력할 수 있다는 자신감을 갖게 되었다. Heavier reliance on private tutoring in recent years has resulted severe unbalance in level of education between the poor and the rich. Under these circumstances, many students in low income families are having difficulty pursuing their education in the hope that they could success in their career in the future because those students have felt abandoned in school. It is the most important than ever before to support those students to find their own way of studying under the self-leadership. This study was conducted to design a bibliotherapy group counseling program for motivating senior students of elementary school to study and improving their learning skills. Further more, this study was also aimed to explore into the meaning of results from their experience as they went through the program. To achieve these goals, the qualitative action research was applied as a research method. The program was comprised of 10 sessions and each session was designed as the helical structure which is repeat of the consequence of plan ? execute ? review. Various methods were taken for compiling data as follows: first, I tried to utilize myself as a research method by means of recording and collecting data from each session of the program. The review result from each session was reflected to the following session of action research. In order to maintain more objective perspective, the observer was placed, which helped to get the result eligible for triangulation. Counseling with the teacher in the children welfare facility in the community, where five respondents belong, actually functioned as the indirect way of consulting the students' parents. Above all, the feedbacks from five respondents were dealt with the utmost importance as they went through the program. Every single data was processed through recording, coding and sorting process. The program designed beforehand through the preliminary research was used to the group of respondents upon actual execution. Most respondents appeared to be rather quiet and to have their own problems originated from emotional deficit. Given these, all questions were in a simple form of closed-end type question which enables respondents to answer with multiple choices. Pop quiz and game were added up for spicing up the program so that the respondents could participate the program with having fun. Considering the hardships which might cause the respondents to fail to complete assignments in case that they took them home, every effort was made to help respondents to complete given assignments within the session of program. As sessions went on, participants tended to use words conveying more promising and positive messages about learning and studying. In addition, they seemed to regard themselves in the same light as characters in the material of bibliotherapy. More the children got support and sympathy, they turned out to overcome insecure psychological status such as being depressed, getting bullied, and being passive and timid. On top of that, learning skills including motivation facilitation skills, self-regulation skills, class participation skills, homework solution skills, information processing skills, and test management skills have been acquired. This study provided the researcher to sympathize with children in low-income families who have been isolated economically and socially as they did not know any other way but only expressed their grief in a troublesome way. Taken together, this study provided the researcher to have self-confidence that working as a bibliotherapist could contribute to enhance learning skills of children in need.

The Education of the Lion: A Qualitative Visual Research Exploration of Mentorship in Higher Education

Smith, Gabor D The University of Akron ProQuest Dissertations & T 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Mentorship has been an integral part of education throughout history, as has been a topic in a variety studies and discussions. Autoethnography is one of the up-and-coming forms of qualitative research in modern anthropology. Documentary filmmaking is a medium that can be used to collect data for autoethnographies. In this study, the researcher used past research, foundations of autoethnography, and his academic experiences of visual autoethnography. Using documentary and working with people in his life, the researcher explored (a) how mentorship supports overcoming adversity and (b) how scholars can transmute research mediums, such as autoethnography or storytelling pedagogy, into meaningful and impactful research. The autoethnography in the documentary form includes the researcher?s recollection of events during his respective disciplines for all his degrees. Using a grounded theory lens, the researcher examined the data through a three-stage, constant-comparative coding process. Findings show deep, meaningful connections between the emerged themes and how mentorship archetypes are imperative to his struggle to attain his highest level of education. The specific themes that emerged were (a) Mentorship Archetypes and the Role of Principal Mentor (PM), (b) Self-Mentoring as a Scholarly Tool, (c) Pop Culture and Humor as a Coping Mechanism in Education, and (d) Mentors as Scaffolds Through Educational Adversity.

전문상담교사의 아동권리 및 학대인식에 관한 합의적 질적 연구

김희영 한국외국어대학교 교육대학원 2023 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to illuminate the factors that influence the level of awareness of child rights and abuse among professional counselor teachers. Through this, the intention is to purpose directions for how professional counselor teachers can utilize the school environment for the prevention and eradication of child abuse. Accordingly, the research questions are as follows. First, what is the level of awareness of child rights among professional counselor teachers? Second, what is the level of awareness of child abuse among professional counselor teachers? Third, what are the countermeasures for instances of child rights violations and abuse as perceived by professional counselor teachers? Fourth, what are the factors influencing the response to child rights violations and abuse among professional counselor teachers? Fifth, what are the support measures for effective intervention in cases of child rights violations and abuse? For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with seven professional counselor teachers. To facilitate deep exploration and analysis, the Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method, a qualitative research approach, was employed. Each research participant was interviewed once to gather research data. The interviews, which were conducted in a semi-structured manner, were transcribed and then analyzed following the procedures of Consensual Qualitative Research. As a result, five domains, ten categories, and thirty-one subcategories were derived. The key findings of the research are as follows. First, the professional counselor teacher’s awareness of child rights was ranked in the order of developmental rights, survival rights, protection rights, and participation rights. The rights perceived as most important were survival, protection, and developmental rights. Second, professional counselor teachers were aware of all forms of child abuse, including physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. The types of child abuse that professional counselor teachers most frequently encountered were emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect, in that order. Third, when professional counselor teachers confronted violations of child rights and instances of abuse, their strategies involved securing statements and collecting evidence to decide on whether to report, along with continuous counseling, reporting to administrators, abuse personnel, and homeroom teachers, and conducting meetings. Besides reporting, measures such as convening crisis management committees, parent-teacher meetings, and liaising with local agencies were reported. Fourth, the factors influencing the response of professional counselor teachers to violations of child rights and instance of abuse were categorized into occupational factors and factors influencing reporting. Occupational factors included the ethical conflict between counselor and teacher, reporting to administrators, abuse personnel, and homeroom teachers. Factors influencing reporting were the credibility of the child’s statement, difficulties in collecting evidence, insufficiency in considering the principle of the child’s best interest for protection, and inadequate protection teachers post-reporting. Fifth, the support measures for effective intervention in cases of child rights violations and abuse were divided into social and personal efforts. Social efforts included education targeting parents and teachers, improving post-report handling methods, building a collaborative system among school teachers, police, and child protection agencies, and developing a manual regarding the role of professional counselor teachers. Personal efforts reported included detecting and managing cases of child rights violations and abuse, establishing a cooperation-support system among school teachers, and educating children on their rights and awareness of abuse. This study has identified what factors influence the awareness of child rights and abuse as perceived by professional counselor teachers. As a result, it was found that awareness of child rights and abuse is linked to countermeasures in the case of violations of child rights and abuse. However, factors hindering effective intervention were identified as insufficient consideration of the best interest principle for child protection after reporting, and inadequate protection of teachers post-reporting. Various interventions are needed to promote awareness of child rights and abuse by professional counselor teachers, and efforts are needed to link such awareness improvement to the reporting of child abuse. This study suggested that measures for effective intervention should be prepared in case of violations of children’s rights and abuse. Along with this, suggestions for follow-up studies were presented in the discussion of this study. 본 연구의 목적은 전문상담교사의 아동권리 및 학대인식 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인을 밝히는데 있다. 이를 통해 학교라는 환경을 활용하여 전문상담교사가 아동학대 예방 및 근절을 위해 어떤 노력을 할 수 있을지 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 이에 따른 연구 문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전문상담교사의 아동권리 인식은 어떠한가? 둘째, 전문상담교사의 아동학대 인식은 어떠한가? 셋째, 전문상담교사의 아동권리 침해 및 학대 발생 시 대처방안은 무엇인가? 넷째, 전문상담교사의 아동권리 침해 및 학대 발생 시 대처에 영향을 미치는 요인은 무엇인가? 다섯째, 아동권리 침해 및 학대 발생 시 효과적인 개입을 위한 지원방안은 무엇인가? 본 연구를 위해 전문상담교사 7명을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 깊이 있는 탐색과 분석을 위해 질적 연구 방법인 합의적 질적 분석방법(CQR)을 사용하였다. 연구 참여자들을 대상으로 각 1회의 인터뷰를 진행하여 연구자료를 수집하였다. 인터뷰는 반구조화된 방식으로 진행된 후 전사되었으며 합의적 질적 연구의 절차에 따라 분석되었다. 그 결과 5개의 영역, 10개의 범주와 31개의 하위범주가 도출되었고 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전문상담교사의 아동권리 인식은 발달권, 생존권, 보호권, 참여권 순으로 인식하고 있었으며 가장 중요하게 인식하는 권리는 생존권, 보호권, 발달권으로 나타났다. 둘째, 전문상담교사의 아동학대 인식은 신체학대, 정서학대, 성학대, 방임 모두 인식하고 있었으며 전문상담교사가 가장 빈번하게 마주하는 아동학대 유형은 정서학대, 신체학대, 방임 순 이었다. 셋째, 전문상담교사의 아동권리 침해 및 학대 발생 시 대처방안은 신고 여부를 판단하기 위해 진술 확보 및 증거수집을 위한 지속적인 상담, 관리자, 학대 담당자, 담임교사 보고 및 회의 등이 나타났다. 신고 이외의 대처방안은 위기관리위원회 개최, 학부모 면담, 주변기관 연계 등을 진행하는 것으로 보고되었다. 넷째, 전문상담교사의 아동권리 침해 및 학대 발생 시 대처에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 직업적 요인과 신고에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 구분되었다. 직업적 요인으로는 상담자 윤리와 교사의 윤리 상충, 관리자, 학대 담당자, 담임교사 보고 및 회의를 보고하였다. 신고에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 아동 진술 신빙성 여부, 증거수집의 어려움, 아동 보호에 대한 최선의 이익 원칙 고려 미흡, 신고 후 교사 신변 보호 미흡 등이 나타났다. 다섯째, 아동권리 침해 및 학대 발생 시 효과적인 개입을 위한 지원방안은 사회적 노력과 개인적 노력으로 구분되었다. 사회적 노력은 부모, 교사 등을 대상으로 한 교육, 신고 후 사후처리 방안 개선, 학교 내 교사들, 경찰, 아동보호전문기관 협력체계 구축, 전문상담교사의 역할에 대한 매뉴얼 개발 등이 나타났다. 개인적 노력으로 아동권리 침해 및 학대 사례 발굴 및 관리, 학교 내 교사들의 협력-지원체계 구축, 아동대상 권리 및 학대인식 교육 등이 보고되었다. 본 연구는 전문상담교사가 인식하는 아동권리 및 학대인식에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지 확인하였다. 그 결과 아동권리 및 학대인식은 아동권리 침해 및 학대 발생 시 대처방안까지 연계되는 점을 알게 되었다. 그러나 효과적인 개입을 방해하는 요인으로 신고 후 아동보호에 대한 최선의 이익 원칙 고려 미흡, 신고 후 교사 신변 보호 미흡 등을 확인하였다. 전문상담교사의 아동권리 및 학대인식 증진을 위하여 다양한 개입이 필요하며 이러한 인식개선이 아동학대 신고로 연계되기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 해당 연구는 아동권리 침해 및 학대 발생 시 효과적인 개입을 위한 방안을 마련해야 함을 제안하였다. 이와 함께 본 연구의 후속 연구에 대한 제언을 논의에 제시하였다.

가정폭력 가해자 집단 치료 프로그램 개발 및 효과성 연구

이서원 연세대학교 대학원 2003 국내박사

본 연구의 목적은 가정폭력 가해자 치료 프로그램을 개발하고 효과성을 검증하는 것이다. 먼저 프로그램을 개발하기 위해 1997년부터 2002년까지 6년 동안 3차례에 걸친 가정폭력 원인조사와 2차례의 가정폭력 가해자 치료를 실시하였다. 이러한 실증적인 조사와 치료 경험의 결과 가정폭력의 원인으로 성역할태도, 권위의식, 폭력허용도, 분노, 스트레스, 의사소통의 6가지 변인이 발견되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 6가지 변인을 구성내용으로 하고 여성주의 이론과 인지행동이론을 이론적 근거로 한 가정폭력 가해자 치료 프로그램을 개발하였다. 다음으로 본 프로그램의 효과를 과학적인 방법으로 입증하기 위해 양적 연구와 질적 연구를 병행한 통합연구설계를 하였다. 먼저 양적 연구에 있어서는 유사실험설계 가운데 비동일통제집단설계를 통해 효과성을 검증하였다. 실험집단은 보호관찰 수강명령을 받은 가정폭력 가해자 9명으로 2003년 4월부터 5월까지 6주 동안 총12회에 걸쳐 본 연구에서 개발한 프로그램을 실시하였다. 비교집단은 보호관찰 수강명령을 받고 대기중인 가정폭력 가해자 9명으로 6주 동안 프로그램을 실시하지 않았다. 그리고 실험집단과 비교집단의 차이를 사전-사후검사를 통해 비교하였다. 질적 연구는 2명의 관찰자에 의한 비참여관찰을 통해 양적 연구에서 규명하는 프로그램 효과의 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 질적 연구에서 측정도구는 목표성취척도를 사용하였으며, 자료의 객관성을 확보하기 위해 채점자간신뢰도검사를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 프로그램의 효과성을 분석한 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실험집단의 성역할태도는 프로그램 참가 이전에 비해 통계적으로 유의미하게 양성평등적으로 변화하였다. 그러나 비교집단에서는 유의미한 변화가 없었다. 질적 분석결과에서도 프로그램이 진행되는 과정에서 실험집단의 2명을 제외한 7명의 성역할태도가 양성평등적으로 변화하였다. 둘째, 실험집단의 권위의식은 프로그램 참가 이전에 비해 통계적으로 유의미하게 감소하였다. 그러나 비교집단에서는 유의미한 변화가 없었다. 질적 분석결과에서도 실험집단 모두의 권위의식이 감소하였다. 셋째, 실험집단의 폭력허용도는 통계적으로 유의미한 변화가 없었다. 비교집단에서도 유의미한 변화가 없었다. 넷째, 실험집단의 분노는 프로그램 참가 이전에 비해 통계적으로 유의미하게 감소하였다. 그러나 비교집단에서는 유의미한 변화가 없었다. 질적 분석결과에서도 실험집단 모두의 분노가 감소하였다. 다섯째, 실험집단의 스트레스는 프로그램 참가 이전에 비해 통계적으로 유의미하게 감소하였다. 그러나 비교집단에서는 유의미한 변화가 없었다. 질적 분석결과에서도 실험집단 모두의 스트레스가 감소하였다. 여섯째, 실험집단의 의사소통은 프로그램 참가 이전에 비해 통계적으로 유의미하게 원만하게 변화하였다. 그러나 비교집단에서는 유의미한 변화가 없었다. 질적 분석결과에서도 실험집단 모두의 의사소통이 향상되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 본 프로그램이 가정폭력 가해자를 변화시키는데 효과적이라는 것을 보여준다. 본 연구결과에 근거한 제안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리문화 특성을 고려하여 후속 프로그램을 개발하여야 할 것이다. 둘째, 가해자 자조모임을 활성화해야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to develop the batterer treatment program of domestic violence and to analyze its effectiveness. First of all, respectively 3 and 2 times, the cause researches of domestic violence and the batterer treatments were conducted to develop the program, spanning 6 years from 1997 to 2002. As the result of these empirical research and treatment experience, 6 variables - gender role attitude, authority, violent- prone attitude, anger, stress and communication - were found out as the cause of domestic violence. Thus, this study developed the batterer treatment program of domestic violence based on these 6 variables, adding feminist theory and cognitive-behavioral theory as a theoretical background. After then, mixed research design that combines quantitative research and qualitative research was created to demonstrate the effectiveness of this program scientifically. First, on the quantitative research, its effectiveness was verified by Non-equivalent Control Group Design among quasi-experimental designs. Experimental group was 9 batterers who were court involved and ordered to treatment, and they participated in this program, total 12 times, spanning 6 weeks from April to May, 2003. Comparative group was also 9 batterers who were court involved and ordered to treatment, but they didnt participated in this program 6 weeks. After then, the difference between experimental group and comparative group was compared, using pre-and-post test. On the qualitative research, in the way of non-participant observation, 2 observers tried to prove the validity of program that was examined on the quantitative research. The quantitative research used Goal Attainment Scale as a measurement, and inter-rater reliability test was conducted to secure the objectivity of materials. Analyzing the effectiveness of program developed on this study, the major findings are as follows. First, gender role attitude on the experimental group changed towards positive equality, statistically significant, compared with pre-program participation. But, on the comparative group there was no significant change. Also on the result of quantitative analysis, sex role attitude of 7-person, except 2, changed to positive equality. Second, authority on the experimental group decreased statistically significant, compared with pre-program participation. But, on the comparative group there was no significant change. Also on the result of quantitative analysis, authority of all members on the experimental group decreased. Third, there was no statistically significant change in violent-prone attitude on the experimental group. Also, on the comparative group the result was same. Fourth, anger on the experimental group decreased statistically significant, compared with pre-program participation. But, on the comparative group there was no significant change. Also on the result of quantitative analysis, anger of all members on the experimental group decreased. Fifth, stress on the experimental group decreased statistically significant, compared with pre-program participation. But, on the comparative group there was no significant change. Also on the result of quantitative analysis, stress of all members on the experimental group decreased. Sixth, communication on the experimental group was changed statistically significant and smoothly, compared with pre-program participation. But, on the comparative group there was no significant change. Also on the result of quantitative analysis, communication of all members on the experimental group was improved. The results of this study show that this program is effective in changing the batterer of domestic violence. On the basis of this research results, suggestions are as follows. First, practitioners charged with treating batterers should develop next programs, considering our cultural characteristics. Second, practitioners should support self-helper group of batterers.