Attitude Embeddedness and Attitude Consistency: Major Factors in Conceptualizing Attitude Properties

Philipp-Muller, Aviva ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The Ohio State Uni 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

There were two broad goals pertaining to attitude strength that were explored in this dissertation. First, research and theory have suggested that many of the traditionally examined subjective attitude properties are distinct constructs. Yet, many attitude properties conceptually overlap with one another. In order to better understand the landscape of attitude properties, I examined the factor analytic structure of a comprehensive set of attitude strength antecedents. Participants reported attitudes toward the topic of GMOs (Study 1) or toward a topic they identified as important to them (Studies 2-6) and various subjective properties of their attitudes. In Studies 1-3, exploratory factor analyses revealed that the various strength antecedents reflected a two-factor structure that differentiated properties relating to an attitude's embeddedness in one's core values and identity from properties reflecting a consistency or entrenchment in an attitude. In Studies 4-6, confirmatory factor analyses determined that, in addition to the over-arching two-factor structure, including 'minor factors' reflecting each attitude property further improved model fit (see Appendix F for a summary of the indices of fit for each study). I therefore propose a hybrid model, wherein the various attitude properties form an over-arching two-factor structure in which each major factor includes additional 'minor' constructs. Across studies, moral basis loaded highly on an embeddedness factor along with values basis (all studies), importance (Studies 4-6), affective and cognitive meta-bases (Studies 5-6), self-definition, and subjective attitude strength (Study 6). The consistency factor was composed of subjective ambivalence (all studies), correctness, clarity (Studies 1-4), attitude-relevant knowledge (Studies 4-6), and certainty (Studies 5-6).The second goal of this dissertation was to understand, given the factor structure of the subjective attitude properties, which behavioral outcomes are better predicted by embeddedness versus consistency. I took an exploratory approach examining a variety of different behavioral domains, and found that attitude embeddedness (vs. consistency) predicted an increased attempt to shape one's environment by selectively exposing oneself to those who agree with one's position (Studies 4 and 7) and selectively exposing oneself to more biased news sources (Study 8). Attitude consistency (vs. embeddedness), on the other hand, better predicted the strength of relation between self-isolation attitudes and behaviors in the context of COVID-19 (Studies 9-10). I also examined the ability of each attitude feature to predict advocacy intentions (Studies 3-6). Embeddedness and consistency (as latent variables) each independently predicted advocacy intentions. It seemed that one way to understand these patterns would be that embeddedness plays a larger role when attitudes might serve value-expressive or social identify functions, whereas consistency might play a larger role when attitudes serve primarily utilitarian functions. Study 11 put that possibility to a confirmatory test, finding that in different contexts different attitude properties better predicted advocacy outcomes (Study 11). In particular, attitude embeddedness increased advocacy intentions for attitudes that served a social identity function, whereas attitude consistency increased advocacy intentions for attitudes that served a utilitarian function. Taken together, this work helps us to understand how attitude properties relate and the contexts under which different classes of attitude properties predict different outcomes.

기술기반 셀프서비스(TBSS) 특성요인이 태도, 만족을 매개로 재이용 의도에 미치는 영향 : - 자기 효능감과 Fall-back option의 조절효과 -

이지원 전북대학교 일반대학원 2016 국내박사

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of the TBSS(Technology-Based Self-Service) characteristic factors in reuse intention via attitudes(hedonic attitude, utilitarian attitude) and satisfactions(affective satisfaction, cognitive satisfaction), and it deals with the moderating effects of self-efficacy and fall-back option between TBSS characteristic factors and attitudes(hedonic attitude, utilitarian attitude) as well. ATM which has already been widespread, and self-lubrication system which is still unfamiliar to consumers are selected for this study. The findings of this study report that enjoyment and convenience of TBSS characteristic factors affect positively to hedonic attitude, and that risks of TBSS characteristic factors affect negatively to hedonic attitude. Besides the findings report that usefulness and convenience of TBSS characteristic factors affect positively to utilitarian attitude, hedonic attitude to affective satisfaction, utilitarian attitude to cognitive satisfaction, and cognitive satisfaction to reuse intention. In the relationship between risks and hedonic attitude of TBSS characteristic factors and in the relationship between usefulness and utilitarian attitude are moderated by self-efficacy. In addition, in the relationship between risks and hedonic attitude of TBSS characteristic factors are moderated by fall-back option as well. Fall-back option does not affect the positive TBSS characteristic factors, while risks has a moderating effects. Thus it would lead to a positive attitude for many consumers, thanks to the fall-back option. We analyzed consumer groups having used ATM, and consumer groups having used self-service of gas station respectively. The findings report that in the case of self-lubrication system, enjoyment, risks, usefulness, and convenience affect positively to hedonic attitude, and enjoyment and usefulness affect positively to utilitarian attitude. In the case of ATM, enjoyment affect positively to hedonic attitude, and convenience affect positively to utilitarian attitude. Since ATM has already been accustomed to the universal service, TBSS characteristic factors have an restrictive in influence on the attitude. Although companies are worry about the self-service options because of the inconvenience to customers, it could be solved through this study. Later, when self-service systems prevail, self-service characteristics have an limited in impact on the customers' attitude. At first, Customers may feel uncomfortable because they are in the face of self-service systems instead of the employees, but sooner or later, when self-service systems are prevailing, they will be rather satisfactory. Companies are contented with adoption of self-service systems via TBSS devices. Based on these results, companies must actively introduce self-service systems via TBSS devices, with fall-back option, which can be called employees immediately, when customers feel discomfortable.

觀光者의 環境知識이 環境態度와 親環境行動에 미치는 影響 : 북한산 국립공원을 중심으로

李秀玉 경기대학교 대학원 2000 국내석사

일반인의 친환경행동에 있어서 환경지식과 환경태도이 얼마나 많은 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구는 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 많은 외국 연구들이 환경지식에 대해서 그리고 환경태도와 친환경행동과의 관계에 대하여서 진행되고 있으며, 최근 우리나라에서도 이러한 연구들이 진행되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 관광지와 같은 공공장소에서보다는 일상생활이나 학교에서 환경지식과 태도 및 행동을 측정하는 경우가 대부분이고 관광과 관련된 연구는 관광학을 전공으로 하고 있는 학생들을 대상으로 한 연구가 전부이기 때문에, 환경 문제가 심각하게 대두되고 있는 관광지에서 이러한 연구가 필수적이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 관광지 중 자연환경이 관광자원으로서 가장 큰 가치를 지니고 있는 ‘국립공원에서 관광자의 환경지식과 환경태도가 친환경행동에 직접적인 영향을 미치는가’하는 연구문제를 갖고 본 연구를 시작하였다. 연구의 목적은 기존의 연구를 토대로 환경지식, 환경태도, 친환경행동에 대한 모델을 설정하고 설정된 모델을 국립공원의 관광자에 적용하고자 하는 것이다. 상기의 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 설정된 가설을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 제1가설은 환경지식은 환경태도에 정의 영향을 준다. 제2가설은 환경식은 친환경행동에 정의 영향을 준다. 제3가설은 환경태도는 친환경행동에 정의 영향을 준다. 제4가설은 환경태도는 환경지식과 친환경행동간의 관계를 매개한다. 이러한 가설을 검증하기 위해 북한산 국립공원 내 접근성이 가장 좋은 도봉산 지구 매표소 입구에서 북한산을 방문한 후 출구를 통과한 사람을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 조사는 1999년 10월 9일∼1999년 10월 16일 중 주중과 주말에 한하여 3회에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 조사자료의 분석결과 설정된 가설은 다음과 같이 검증되었다. 첫째, 국립공원 관광자의 환경지식이 높을수록 환경태도도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 국립공원 관광자의 환경지식이 높을수록 친환경행동도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 국립공원 관광자의 환경태도가 높을수록 친환경행동도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 국립공원 관광자의 환경태도는 환경지식과 친환경행동간의 관계를 매개한다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 국립공원 관광자의 환경지식은 관광자의 환경태도와 친환경행동에 크게 기인하므로, 국립공원의 자연환경보전에 있어 관광자의 환경보전에 대한 지식증가가 필수적이고 또한 환경지식의 고조가 국립공원을 관리·운영하는데 필요하다고 할 수 있다. It is an important study that Pro-environmental behavior is affected by tourists' environmental Knowledge and Environmental attitude. In that, the scholars has studied about the concern on environmental Knowledge, Environmental attitude and Pro-environmental behavior. and latest this research is executing in korea. But there is few study of tourism that is studied about conservation of natural resource. So it is necessary that we have to study the environmental Knowledge and Environmental attitude on Pro-environmental behavior in the national park The purpose of this study is to identify (1) the tourist response to the environmental Knowledge to the national park, and (2) their environmental attitude and (3) to establish the model estimating the tourists' Pro-environmental behavior. The hypothese for attaining this goal are the followings. First, the environmental Knowledge will have an effect on environmental attitude of tourists. Second, the environmental Knowledge will affect the pro-environmental behavior Third, the environmental attitude will have an effect pro-environmental behavior. Fourth, the environmental attitude is a go-between the environmental Knowledge and Pro-environmental behavior. According to the research, the hypotheses built above are verified and analysed like the following. First the higher level of environmental Knowledge they have, and the higher the degree of Environmental attitude. Second, the higher level of environmental Knowledge national park tourists has, and the higher the degree of Pro-environmental behavior. Third, the higher level of environmental attitude they have, and the more they were to act environment-friendly. Fourth, the environmental attitude is to act as a go-between the environmental knowledge and the pro-environmental behavior and the environmental attitudes has influenced on the pro-environmental behavior indirectly. Overall, it can be concluded that the value of environmental knowledge and attitude has much something to do with pro-environmental behavior of tourists. Therefore, in my opinion, the managers of national parks has to put more efforts on increasing the degree of the environmental knowledge through the environmental education in the national park, so the enhanced pro-environmental behaviors to making the level of conservation higher.

사춘기 여학생의 신체성장에 따른 신체이미지 및 자기존중감, 의복태도 형성모델

이수경 연세대학교 2003 국내박사

본 연구의 목적은 사춘기 여자청소년들의 신체성장이 신체에 대한 타인의 평가에 의해 신체적 외모에 대한 사회·문화적 태도와 그들의 신체이미지, 자기존중감, 의복태도에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 구체적인 목적은 첫째, 신체에 대한 타인의 평가, 신체적 외모에 대한 사회·문화적 태도, 신체이미지, 자기존중감, 의복태도의 연령별 차이를 규명한다. 둘째, 여자청소년들의 신체성장이 신체에 대한 타인의 평가와 신체이미지에 미치는 영향을 규명한다. 셋째, 여자청소년들의 신체에 대한 타인의 평가가 신체적 외모에 대한 사회·문화적 태도와 신체이미지, 자기존중감에 미치는 영향을 규명한다. 넷째, 여자청소년들의 신체적 외모에 대한 사회·문화적 태도가 신체이미지에 미치는 영향을 규명한다. 다섯째, 여자청소년들의 신체이미지가 자기존중감 및 의복태도에 미치는 영향을 규명한다. 여섯째, 여자청소년들의 자기존중감이 의복태도에 미치는 영향을 규명한다. 이를 위하여 발달과정상 급격한 신체변화를 경험하는 시기에 있는 초등학교, 중학교, 고등학교 여학생 총 1309명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, SPSS PC+와 LISREL 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 의복태도의 하위차원은 의복과시성, 사회적 승인성, 신체모습향상의 3개 요인으로 구성되었다. 둘째, 연구변인에 대한 연령차이를 살펴본 결과, 신체에 대한 타인의 평가는 비만도, 키, 외모 순으로 평가를 많이 받았으며, 중학생이 가장 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 신체적 외모에 대한 사회·문화적 태도는 고등학생, 중학생, 초등학생 집단의 순으로 높았다. 신체이미지에서 외모평가는 고등학생이 가장 높고 초등학생이 가장 낮았다. 신체만족도는 초등학생이 가장 높았다. 고등학생이 가장 외모지향적이고, 초등학생이 가장 덜 외모지향적이었다. 자기존중감은 중학생집단이 가장 낮았다. 의복태도에서 의복과시성과 사회적승인성은 고등학생과 중학생이 초등학생보다 높았으며, 신체모습향상은 고등학생집단이 가장 높고 초등학생집단이 가장 낮았다. 셋째, 신체적 성장이 미치는 영향에 있어서는, 키는 고등학생 집단에서 신체에 대한 타인의 평가에 음의 영향을 미쳤으며, 중학생집단에서는 감정적 차원에 양의 영향을 미쳤다. 비만도는 초등학생집단에서 감정적 차원에 음의 영향을, 성적성숙은 고등학생집단에서 감정적 차원에 음의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 신체에 대한 타인의 평가는 초등학생과 고등학생집단에서, 신체적 외모에 대한 사회·문화적 태도에 양의 영향을 미쳤으며, 신체이미지의 감정적 차원에 음의 영향을 미쳤다. 신체적 외모에 대한 사회·문화적 태도는 신체이미지의 감정적 차원에는 음의 영향을, 신체이미지의 인지적/행동적 차원에는 양의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 신체이미지의 감정적 차원은 신체이미지의 인지적/행동적 차원과 자기존중감, 의복태도에 양의 영향을 미쳤다. 신체이미지의 인지적/행동적 차원은 자기존중감에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 의복태도에는 양의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 자기존중감은 의복태도에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 가설검증과 직·간접·전체효과에 나타난 전반적인 특징을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 먼저 변수별로 살펴보면, 신체이미지의 감정적 차원에는 초등학생집단에서는 신체에 대한 타인의 평가가, 중학생집단에서는 신체적 외모에 대한 사회·문화적 태도가 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 인지적/행동적 차원에는 신체적 외모에 대한 사회·문화적 태도가 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 신체성장 변수 중, 비만도는 감정적 차원에, 키와 성적성숙은 신체이미지에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 자기존중감 형성에는 신체이미지의 감정적 차원이 가장 큰 영향을 미치며, 인지적/행동적 차원의 영향은 나타나지 않았으며, 비만도, 키, 성적성숙 등의 신체성장이 자기존중감 형성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 의복태도 형성에는 신체이미지의 인지적/행동적 차원이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 성적성숙이 의복태도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 연령별로 살펴보면, 초등학생집단에서는 다른 두 집단에 비해, 신체에 대한 타인의 평가가 신체적 외모에 대한 사회·문화적 태도, 신체이미지, 자기존중감과 의복태도에 미치는 영향이 가장 컸다. 중학생집단에서는 신체적 외모에 대한 사회·문화적 태도가 신체이미지, 자기존중감, 의복태도에, 신체이미지의 감정적 차원이 신체이미지의 인지적/행동적 차원과 자기존중감에 미치는 영향이 세 집단 중 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 신체성장 중, 키가 신체이미지의 인지적/행동적 차원에 영향을 미쳤다. 고등학생집단에서는 다른 두 집단과는 달리, 신체에 대한 타인의 평가에 대해서는 비만도보다 외모에 대한 타인의 평가가, 신체이미지의 감정적 차원에 대해서는 신체만족도보다 외모평가의 비중이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 신체이미지가 의복태도에 미치는 영향은 고등학생 집단에서 가장 크게 나타났으며, 성적성숙이 신체이미지의 감정적 차원, 인지적/행동적 차원, 자기존중감, 의복태도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study were to identify 1) the effect of physical growth on body criticism from others and body image, 2) the effect of body criticism from others on sociocultural attitude toward physical appearance, body image, and self-esteem, 3) the effect of sociocultural attitude toward physical appearance on body image, 4) the effect of body image on self-esteem and clothing attitude, and 5) the effect of self-esteem on clothing attitude. The data were collected from 1309 school girls in the 5th(elementary school age group), the 8th(middle school age group), the 11th(high school age group) grades living in Seoul, Korea, via a self-administered questionnaires, and were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, Dunett-T3, LISREL models. The result of this study were as follows: 1) Three factors of clothing attitudes were identified: clothing exhibition, psychological clothing dependence, and body figure improvement. 2) Among three measurement variables of physical growth, the height has a negative effect on body criticism from others in the high school age group, and a positive effect on the affective aspect of body image in the middle school age group. The obesity has a negative effect on the affective aspect of body image in the elementary school age group, and the sexual maturation has negatively influenced on the affective aspect of body image in the high school age group. The body criticism from others had a positive effect on the sociocultural attitude toward physical appearance and a negative effect on the affective aspect of body image in the elementary and high school girls. The sociocultural attitude toward physical appearance had a negative effect on the affective aspect of body image and a positive effect on the cognitive/behavioral aspect of body image. The affective aspect of body image had a positive effect on the cognitive/behavioral aspect of body image, self-esteem, and clothing attitude. However, the cognitive/behavioral aspect of body image had a effect on clothing attitude. The self-esteem had no significant effect on clothing attitude. 3) The result of the hypothesis testing and direct, indirect, and total effect is as follows. Among the influencing variables to the affective aspect of body image, body criticism from others was the most affective variable in the elementary school age group and the sociocultural attitude toward physical appearance was the most affective variable in the middle school age group more than other age groups. Among the variables affecting the cognitive/ behavioral aspect of body image, sociocultural attitude toward physical appearance showed the highest impact in all the groups. Among three measurement variables of physical growth, the obesity influenced only the affective aspect of body image, and the height and sexual maturation affected both aspects of the body images. With regard to the affect to the self-esteem, the affective aspect of body image highly affected in all the groups, while the cognitive/behavioral aspect of body image has no significant effect. It was found that the physical growth, such as the obesity, height, and sexual maturation influenced indirectly to the self-esteem. With respect to the impact to the clothing attitude, the result showed that the cognitive/behavioral aspect of body image affected in all the groups and the sexual maturation among three measurement variables physical growth affected the clothing attitudes. 4) The age groups showed the differences in several paths between the variables. The elementary school age group, comparing to the other age groups, showed the highest value in the effect of body criticism from others on the sociocultural attitude toward physical appearance, body image, self-esteem, and clothing attitude. The middle school age group showed higher value than the other groups in the effect of sociocultural attitude toward physical appearance on body image, self-esteem, and clothing attitude, and in the effect of the affective aspect of body image on the cognitive/behavioral aspect of body image and self-esteem. Among the measurement variables of the physical growth, only height had an effect on the cognitive/behavioral aspect of body image. The high school age group differ from the other two groups with regard to the affective aspect of body image. The appearance evaluation was more affecting than body satisfaction. High school girls showed the highest value in the effect of the body image on clothing attitude. The sexual maturation had the effect on the affective aspect of body image, the cognitive/behavioral aspect of body image, self-esteem, and clothing attitude.

A Study on the Influence of Origin Image on Consumer Brand Loyalty : Focusing on brand attitudes and the mediating effects of ethnocentrism

고택 세한대학교 일반대학원 2020 국내박사

With the rapid development of China's economy, China is playing an increasingly important role in the world economic landscape. From a macro perspective, China's economic growth contributes more than 30% to the global economy, and the volume and amount of China's imports and exports account for an increasing proportion in the international market. From the micro point of view, consumers to buy foreign goods, foreign consumers to buy Chinese goods is more and more convenient. In the Chinese market, with the influx of foreign goods, although increased consumer choice, but the information asymmetry between buyers and sellers on the market, consumers limited cognitive ability, information searching ability, high uncertain choice of time cost, eventually lead to the choices and decisions will inevitably face greater risks and difficulties. Based on the clue theory, some scholars find that when consumers are faced with complex choices and uncertain purchase scenarios, they mainly evaluate the products based on internal and external clues. Compared with internal clues, external clues are easy to acquire and easy to evaluate. The brand origin image, like the price and the brand name, can be used as one of the important external clues and have a significant impact on the product evaluation and purchasing behavior. The study found that with the continuous improvement of China's economic development level and technological innovation ability, more and more Chinese consumers began to buy independent brands. However, compared with the brands from developed countries, the willingness to purchase independent brands is still relatively low, that is, the brand loyalty of Chinese consumers to independent brands is relatively low. Therefore, from the perspective of brand origin image, it is urgent to study the difference of brand origin image from different countries (regions) on Chinese consumers' brand loyalty, and further study how to improve the brand origin image to improve consumers' brand loyalty. This study with south Korean mobile phone brand and China's mobile phone brand as the irritant, adopt the method of combining quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, through the study of the hierarchical regression of 404 effective samples, discusses the mediation and consumers in the brand attitude under the regulation of national centralism, country of origin, the influence on the image to the consumer brand loyalty. The conclusions are as follows :(1) consumers' perception of brand origin image from different countries is significantly different. The population mean value of origin image (Korea) is significantly higher than that of China, and the cultural image dimension of origin image (China) is significantly higher than that of Korea. (2) on the whole, the image of origin and its four dimensions have a significant positive influence on brand attitude and brand loyalty, but the influence degree is different. The cultural image dimension of the origin image (China) has the greatest influence on the brand attitude and brand loyalty, while the political and economic image dimension has no significant influence on the brand attitude and brand loyalty. The political and economic image dimension in the origin image (Korea) has the greatest impact on consumers' brand attitude, the product image dimension has the greatest impact on brand loyalty, and the other three dimensions all have a significant positive impact on brand attitude and brand loyalty. (3) brand attitude has a significant positive impact on brand loyalty. (4) brand attitude plays an intermediary role between the origin image and brand loyalty, but the types of intermediary roles are different. Brand attitude (China) plays a part in mediating between cultural image, product image dimension and brand loyalty, while it plays a complete mediating role between consumer image and brand loyalty, while there is no mediating role between political and economic image and brand loyalty. Brand attitude (Korea) plays a part in mediating between political and economic image, cultural image, consumer image and brand loyalty, and a complete mediating role between product image and brand loyalty. (5) consumer ethnocentrism plays a significant regulating role between the image of origin and brand loyalty, and the regulating effect is significantly different. Consumer ethnocentrism positively moderates the cultural image, product image, consumer image dimension and brand loyalty in the image of origin (China), but has no significant moderating effect on the political and economic image and brand loyalty. Consumer ethnocentrism plays a negative moderating role in the political and economic image, consumer image dimension and brand loyalty in the origin image (Korea), and a positive moderating role in the product image and brand loyalty, but not in the cultural image and brand loyalty. Based on the conclusions of this study, the following Suggestions are made. First, from the construction of China's own brand image of origin. First, develop the political economy, science and technology, and education in an all-round way, and raise the level of marketization and technological innovation in China. Second, strengthen the supervision of product quality, improve the product image of the independent brand. Secondly, from the promotion of China's own brand image of origin. First, through various forms of international cultural exchanges, to promote the native land forms of our own brands; Second, build international strategic alliance to avoid the adverse image of origin. Finally, in terms of local and international marketing of Chinese enterprises. First, in the local marketing should appropriately mobilize consumer patriotism; Second, the smart use of international division of labor, appropriate to change consumers' brand attitude.

골프장 소비가치가 소비성향, 스포츠태도 및 행동의도에 미치는 영향

김가나 고려대학교 대학원 2019 국내박사

The Influence of Golf Course Consumption Value on Consumption Tendency, Sports Attitude and Behavior Intention. Nowadays, it is necessary to understand customer's desire and to predict competitor's future strategies to survive with a competitive advantage in a tough competition caused by unbalanced supply and demand of golf market and decreased number of actual visitors due to oversupply of golf course. To do this, the most significant factor is to collect various information related to consumers and to set a marketing strategy as they are changing their attitudes. Thus, the purpose of this study is to figure out causal relationship among golf course consumers' consumption value, consumption tendency, sports attitude and behavior intention. Ways to manage and to advance were expected to be found through this study which can improve management effectiveness of golf course and increase competitiveness. The subjects of this research were members of a golf course located in Chungcheong area who have played golf for more than one year and played a round of golf at least ten times. In probability sampling, cluster & systematic sampling was chosen and used. 500 survey papers were distributed and 411 papers were used as valid samples except 89 papers which were insincere or missing any part of the content. The research verified the difference in consumption value, consumption tendency, sports attitude and behavior intention depending on the subject's character and golf character. Causal relationship among consumption value, consumption tendency, sports attitude and behavior intention was supposed to be investigated. Followings are the main results of the study based on the conclusions and data analysis. First, The difference among consumption value, consumption tendency, sports attitude and behavior intention depending on gender and age was compared, which appeared significant differences at practical consumption tendency and behavior intention. As a result of analysis comparing difference depending on age, significant differences appeared at functional value in consumption values, conspicuous consumption tendency, practical consumption tendency and behavior intention. Second, The difference among consumption value, consumption tendency, sports attitude and behavior intention depending on mainly visiting golf course type was compared, which appeared significant differences at emotional value and conditional value in consumption values. Third, It was appeared that functional value, social value and conditional value in golf course consumers' consumption values significantly influence on conspicuous consumption tendency. Fourth, It was appeared that only emotional value in golf course consumers' consumption values significantly influences on practical consumption tendency. Fifth, It was appeared that functional value, social value, emotional value and epistemic value in golf course consumers' consumption values significantly influence on sports attitude. Sixth, It was appeared that conspicuous consumption tendency significantly influences on sports attitude while practical consumption tendency does not significantly influences on sports attitude. Seventh, It was appeared that conspicuous consumption tendency, practical consumption tendency and sports attitude significantly influence on behavior intention. Nowadays, it is necessary to understand customer's desire and to pre dict competitor's future strategies to survive with a competitive advant age in a tough competition caused by unbalanced supply and demand of golf market and decreased number of actual visitors due to oversup ply of golf course. To do this, the most significant factor is to collect various information related to consumers and to set a marketing strate gy as they are changing their attitudes. Thus, the purpose of this study is to figure out causal relationship a mong golf course consumers' consumption value, consumption tendenc y, sports attitude and behavior intention. Ways to manage and to adva nce were expected to be found through this study which can improve management effectiveness of golf course and increase competitiveness. The subjects of this research were members of a golf course located in Chungcheong area who have played golf for more than one year an d played a round of golf at least ten times. In probability sampling, cl uster & systematic sampling was chosen and used. 500 survey papers were distributed and 411 papers were used as valid samples except 89 papers which were insincere or missing any part of the content. The research verified the difference in consumption value, consumptio n tendency, sports attitude and behavior intention depending on the su bject's character and golf character. Causal relationship among consum ption value, consumption tendency, sports attitude and behavior intentio n was supposed to be investigated. Followings are the main results of the study based on the conclusions and data analysis. First, The difference among consumption value, consumption tendenc y, sports attitude and behavior intention depending on gender and age was compared, which appeared significant differences at practical cons umption tendency and behavior intention. As a result of analysis comp aring difference depending on age, significant differences appeared at f unctional value in consumption values, conspicuous consumption tenden cy, practical consumption tendency and behavior intention. Second, The difference among consumption value, consumption tenden cy, sports attitude and behavior intention depending on mainly visiting golf course type was compared, which appeared significant differences at emotional value and conditional value in consumption values. Third, It was appeared that functional value, social value and conditio nal value in golf course consumers' consumption values significantly in fluence on conspicuous consumption tendency. Fourth, It was appeared that only emotional value in golf course cons umers' consumption values significantly influences on practical consum ption tendency. Fifth, It was appeared that functional value, social value, emotional va lue and epistemic value in golf course consumers' consumption values significantly influence on sports attitude. Sixth, It was appeared that conspicuous consumption tendency signifi cantly influences on sports attitude while practical consumption tendenc y does not significantly influences on sports attitude. Seventh, It was appeared that conspicuous consumption tendency, pra ctical consumption tendency and sports attitude significantly influence on behavior intention.

청소년의 비행태도와 비행에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 요구

정누리 광주대학교 사회복지전문대학원 2019 국내박사

ABSTRACT A Study on Factors Affecting Juveniles’ Attitudes towards Delinquency and Delinquent Behavior Jung Nu-Ri Advisor: Prof. Choe Joon-Young, Ph.D. Department of Social Welfare Graduate School of Gwangju University This study examined the effects of juveniles’ attitude towards delinquency on delinquent behavior, self-control, social bond cost, and peer delinquency on juveniles’ attitude towards delinquency and delinquent behavior through structural equation model. Data come from <Youth Life in Gwangju: Social Psychological Thinking and Deviant Behavior, 2012> by Korea Social Research Center. The effects of delinquent behavior were analyzed and the mediating effects of juveniles’ attitude towards delinquency were founded. The major findings are as follows: first, permissive attitude towards delinquency increases delinquent behavior. While a permissive attitude towards serious delinquency increased serious delinquency and mild delinquency, having a permissive attitude toward mild delinquency did not necessarily lead to serious delinquency. Second, male students commit mild delinquency if they have a permissive attitude towards mild delinquency and commit serious delinquency if they have a permissive attitude towards serious delinquency. Meanwhile, female students commit mild delinquency if they have a permissive attitude towards mild delinquency and commit both mild delinquency and commit serious delinquency if they have a permissive attitude towards serious delinquency. Third, when self-control, social bond cost, and peer delinquency were used as background variables, a permissive attitude towards mild delinquency increased mild delinquency and reduced serious delinquency, while a permissive attitude towards serious delinquency increased both mild and serious delinquency. Permissive attitudes toward delinquency was significant as a mediating factor in self-control on mild delinquency, social bond cost on serious delinquency, and peer delinquency on mild and serious delinquency. Fourth, male students were more likely to commit mild delinquency if they have a permissive attitude towards mild delinquency and commit serious delinquency if they have a permissive attitude towards serious delinquency. For male students, self-control controls permissive attitudes towards delinquency, peer delinquency increases permissive attitudes towards delinquency and serious delinquency. The mediating effects of the attitude towards delinquency were confirmed in the path of self-control on mild delinquency and the path of peer delinquency on mild delinquency. Female students were more likely to commit mild delinquency if they have a permissive attitude towards mild delinquency, but having a permissive attitude towards mild delinquency did not necessarily lead to serious delinquency; meanwhile, a permissive attitude towards serious delinquency increased mild and serious delinquency. Female students’ self-control mitigated permissive attitudes towards mild delinquency and reduced mild delinquency, but it was not able to control serious delinquency. Social bond cost reduces both permissive attitudes toward serious delinquency and serious delinquency and peer delinquency increased permissive delinquent attitudes. The mediating effects of the attitude towards delinquency were confirmed in the path of social bond cost on serious delinquency and peer delinquency on mild and serious delinquency. As a result of verifying the mediating effects of juveniles' attitude towards delinquency on the self-control, social bond cost, and peer delinquency, we conclude the protection factor of male students' delinquency is self-control while the protective factor of female students' delinquency is social bond cost. The risk factors for delinquency in both male and female students were peer delinquency. key words: delinquent attitude, mild delinquency, serious delinquency, self-control, social bond cost, peer delinquency. 국문초록 청소년의 비행태도와 비행에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 성명: 정누리 지도교수: 최준영 광주대학교 사회복지전문대학원 이 연구는 (사)한국사회조사연구소의 <광주청소년의 삶과 실태-2012> 조사자료를 이용하여 청소년의 비행태도가 비행에 미치는 영향과 자기통제력, 사회유대 손실인지, 친한 친구비행이 비행태도와 비행에 미치는 영향을 구조방정식모형을 통하여 검증하였다. 자기통제력, 사회유대 손실인지, 친한 친구비행이 비행에 미치는 영향을 경로분석 후 비행태도의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과는 첫째, 청소년의 비행의 허용적인 태도는 비행을 증가시킨다. 상대적으로 강력비행에 대해 허용적인 태도는 강력비행과 비강력비행을 증가시키고, 비강력비행에 허용적인 태도를 갖는다고 해서 반드시 강력비행을 행하는 것은 아니었다. 둘째, 남학생은 비강력비행에 허용적인 태도를 가지면 비강력비행을 저지르고, 강력비행에 허용적인 태도를 가지면 강력비행을 저지른다. 여학생은 비강력비행에 허용적인 경우 비강력비행을 저지르고, 강력비행에 허용적인 태도는 비강력비행과 강력비행 모두 저지르는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자기통제력, 사회유대 손실인지, 친한 친구비행을 배경변인으로 한 비행태도와 비행의 관계는 비강력비행에 허용적인 태도는 비강력비행을 증가시키고 강력비행을 감소시켰으며, 강력비행에 허용적인 태도는 비강력비행과 강력비행을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 자기통제력은 비행태도를 통제하며, 사회유대 손실인지는 강력비행태도 억제효과, 친한 친구비행은 허용적인 비행태도와 강력비행을 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 비행태도의 매개효과는 자기통제력이 비강력 비행에 미치는 경로, 사회유대 손실인지가 강력비행에 미치는 경로, 친한 친구비행이 비강력 비행과 강력비행에 미치는 경로에서 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 성별로 살펴보면 남학생은 비강력비행에 허용적인 태도는 비강력비행을 증가시키고, 강력비행에 허용적인 태도는 강력비행을 증가시킨다. 남학생의 자기통제력은 허용적인 비행태도를 통제하고, 친한 친구비행은 허용적인 비행태도와 강력비행을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 남학생의 자기통제력이 비강력비행에 미치는 경로, 친한 친구비행이 비강력비행에 미치는 경로에서 비행태도의 매개효과가 확인되었다. 여학생은 비강력비행에 허용적인 경우 비강력비행을 증가시키고, 강력비행에 허용적인 태도는 비강력비행과 강력비행을 증가시키며, 비강력비행에 허용적이더라도 강력비행을 저지르지 않는다. 여학생의 자기통제력은 비강력 비행에 허용적인 태도의 억제와 비강력 비행을 감소시켰으나, 강력비행을 통제하지는 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 사회유대 손실인지는 허용적인 강력비행태도와 강력비행을 감소시키고, 친한 친구비행은 허용적인 비행태도를 증가시켰다. 사회유대 손실인지가 강력비행에 미치는 경로, 친한 친구비행이 비강력 비행과 강력비행에 미치는 경로에서 비행태도의 매개효과가 발견되었다. 청소년의 자기통제력, 사회유대손실인지, 친한 친구비행이 비행에 미치는 영향에서 비행태도의 매개효과를 검증한 결과, 남학생 비행의 보호요인은 자기통제력이며, 여학생 비행의 보호요인은 사회유대손실인지, 비행의 위험요인은 남학생과 여학생 공통으로 친한 친구비행이었다. 비행청소년의 성별에 따라 가정과 학교, 사회의 인식은 차이가 있다. 그 사회의 문화적으로 형성된 젠더의 정체성 때문이라고 볼 수 있다. 이 인식의 차이는 청소년의 비행을 억제하거나, 비행을 더 심화시키기도 한다. 남학생 비행에 대한 사회적 인식은 남자니까 그럴 수 있다는 관대한 시선과 인식이 있지만, 여학생의 비행은 가정, 학교 등 여학생이 속한 사회의 가부장적 분위기에서 보다 더 엄격하게 평가되는 것으로 알 수 있다. 이에 젠더의 특성인 여성의 대인적 동일시, 관계 지향적 정체성과 남성의 관계보다는 분리, 관계적인 것보다는 개별적인 것에 강조를 두는 정체성을 고려하여 청소년비행에 관한 조사방법, 예방과 개입, 상담 프로그램을 차별화하여야 할 필요성이 있다.

Knowledge, attitude and practice towards care provision to mentally ill persons among nurses working in Public health facilities in Ghana

Zineyele, Evans Nyeyele Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei Universit 2022 국내석사

Background: Many people are suffering from moderate to severe mental illness and other mental problems and only 1.2% receive the needed treatment from public health facilities leaving remaining untreated. Most of these mentally ill patients and persons are yet to be recognized, diagnosed, and managed properly. Assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses was necessary to address and solve this burden. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice among nurses toward mental care provision in Ghana. Methods: Health facility based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. The data was collected from 201 nurses using structured and google survey of knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire which was adapted and modified from studies by Mariam & A, 2016; Ahmed et al., 2019 and Ganiah et al., 2017. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling methods. Data were collected and entered into google sheet and exported to SPSS version 26.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify socio-demographic variables and other factors which may have significant association with knowledge, attitude and practice toward mental care provision. The significance level of association was determined by p-value less than or equal to 0.05. Results: A total of 201 respondents participated in this study with a response rate of 91.4%. One hundred and sixty-nine, 84.1% were females. Majority of the respondents, 54.2% were between the ages of 20-29years. Also, 64.7% of the respondents had adequate knowledge, 11.4% had favorable attitude and 67.7 % of the nurses had good practice. In the bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, registered community nurses or CHNs were 66% less likely to have good practice (aOR= 0.33, 95% CI= [0.149, 0.735], p<0.05) than enrolled nurses toward mental care provision. Diploma nurses were over two (2) times more likely to have good practice (aOR= 2.21, 95% CI= [1.193, 4.087], p<0.05) than certificate nurses. Nurses who provide outpatient and inpatient services were 15 more times likely to have good practice (aOR= 15.75, 95% CI= [5.340, 46.479], p=0.001) than nurses who do not provide any mental care. Conclusion and recommendation: More than half of the nurses have adequate knowledge, good practice and less than half of the participants have favorable attitude. The unfavorable attitude may have affected the quality of mental health care delivery to mentally ill persons. Nurses’ capacity building as well as WHO mental health gaps actions adapted and supportive supervision should be strengthened to improve quality mental health care delivery.

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON ATTITUDE OF THAI MERCHANT MARINE SUDENT TOWARD MARINER PROFESSIONS

SARAWUT LUKSANATO 한국해양대학교 대학원 2011 국내박사

초등학교 5학년 수학수업에서의 Maths With Attitude 조작교구 활용방안

박지현 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2011 국내석사

본 연구는 호주의 교구 프로그램인 Maths With Attitude의 활용 가능성을 탐색한 것으로 5-6학년 교구에 대하여 알아보고, 이를 현장에 투입하여 수학학습에 활용 가능한 교구를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 다음과 같은 연구 문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, 5학년 단원별 조작교구를 선별하고 활용 가능한 Maths With Attitude의 5-6학년 교구를 선별한다. 둘째, Maths With Attitude의 5-6학년 교구를 분석하고 우리나라 5학년 교육과정에 따른 교구의 활용 방안을 구안한다. 셋째, 교구를 선별하여 실제 학급에서 적용한 후 교구에 대한 반응, 수업에 대한 소감과 그 효과를 분석한다. 위의 연구문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 5학년 교사용 지도서에 단원별로 학습 준비물을 발췌하여 조작교구를 선별하고 활용 가능한 Maths With Attitude의 5-6학년 교구 네 가지 영역에서 선별하였다. 그리고 우리나라 5학년 교육과정에서 각 단원별로 학습 목표 도달을 위해 활용할 수 있는 교구를 분석하여 활용 방안을 구안하였다. 부산광역시에 소재한 U초등학교 5학년 9명을 대상으로 교구를 활용한 수학 수업을 10차시에 걸쳐 실시하고, 이를 비디오로 촬영한 자료와 소감문을 통해 수업의 효과와 학생들의 생각과 느낀 점을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 5학년 수학과 교육과정에서 단원별 조작교구를 분석한 결과, 배수와 약수, 약분과 통분, 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈, 분수의 곱셈, 소수의 곱셈, 분수의 나눗셈, 소수의 나눗셈과 같이 수와 연산 영역은 주로 숫자카드를 활용한 조작활동이 전개 되었다. 무늬 만들기, 직육면체, 평면도형의 둘레와 넓이, 도형의 합동, 도형의 대칭과 같은 도형과 측정 영역은 창의적으로 활용할 수 있는 교구가 다른 영역에 비해서는 많은 편이었지만, 학습 목표 도달을 위해 쉽게 활용할 수 있는 교구가 필요하였다. 자료의 표현 단원에 해당하는 확률과 통계 영역의 자료는 없었으며, 문제 푸는 방법 찾기의 단원에 해당하는 문자와 식 영역의 자료도 많이 부족한 형편이었다. 둘째, Maths With Attitude의 5-6학년 교구 중에 20개 교구에 대해 우리나라 5학년 수학 교육과정에 활용할 수 있는 교구를 단원별로 살펴보고, 교구분석 및 해당 차시에 활용할 수 있는 방법에 대해 살펴보았다. 셋째, 아동들은 직접 조작활동을 해 보며 수업의 연장선에 있다고 생각하기 보다는 놀이와 문제 해결의 도구로 받아들였다. 자발적이고 적극적으로 참여하였으며 문제 해결을 위해 고민하며 사고의 과정이 훨씬 길었다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 내린 결론은 Maths With Attitude 교구를 분석하면서 5학년 교육과정에 적용할 수 있는 다양한 교구를 발견할 수 있었으며 학습 목표 도달을 위하여 다양한 교수 학습 방법 전개가 가능하게 되었다. 조작교구를 활용한 수업은 교사의 설명이나 학생들의 이해 면에서 어려운 부분을 수월하게 하고 문제 해결 전략을 익히기에 효과적이었다. 본 연구는 이와 같이 새로운 교구를 초등학교 현장에 소개하고, 교육과정에서 어떻게 활용될 수 있는지를 분석한 것으로, 실제 현장에서 적용하였을 때 어떤 효과가 있는지 살펴본 것이다. 조작교구를 활용한 수업이 활성화되기 위하여 본 연구에 사용된 조작교구 외에도 다른 교구의 활용방안 대해 질적 연구가 필요하며 연구자가 발견하지 못한 교구에 대해서도 활용할 수 있는 방안을 찾아 매뉴얼에 대한 개발이 요구된다.