청소년의 사회적 지지수혜와 지지제공의 심리적 효과

이지연 한국청소년학회 2014 청소년학연구 Vol.21 No.10

In this study, we examined the relationship between receipt and provision of social support and explored the psychological effects resulting from receipt and provision of social support. Based on the result that receipt of social support is positively related to provision of social support, we also investigated the possibility that the receipt of social support increases altruistic concern for others. The major findings of this study were summarized as follows; First, the receipt of social support was positively related to the provision of social support. That is, those who received more supports from significant others surrounding him/her provided more supports for them. Second, both of the receipt and provision of social support were correlated with subjective well-being, self-esteem and depression. This result implies that not only receipt of social support but also provision of social support result in positive psychological states. Third, when controlling for the effects of provision of social support on the receipt of social support, the receipt of social support predicted subjective well-being, but did not predict self-esteem and depression. On the other hand, when controlling for the effects of receipt of social support, the provision of social support predicted self-esteem and depression, but did not predict subjective well-being. In discussion section, limitations in this study and further research were discussed. 본 연구에서는 기존의 사회적 지지의 연구들에서 간과해 온 사회적 지지제공의 측면을 포함하여 사회적 지지수혜와 지지제공간의 관계를 알아보고 지지수혜 및 지지제공이 초래하는 심리적 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 사회적 지지수혜와 지지제공 간에 관련이 있다는 결과를 얻었다. 즉, 주변의 중요한 타인으로부터 사회적 지지를 많이 받은 사람들이 주변의 중요한 타인에게 사회적 지지를 많이 제공했다. 둘째, 지지수혜와 지지제공 모두 주관적 행복감, 자기존중감, 우울과 상관이 있는 것으로 밝혀져 지지수혜뿐만 아니라 지지제공도 긍정적인 심리적 결과를 가져왔다. 셋째, 지지제공이 미치는 효과를 통제한 고유한 지지수혜는 주관적 행복감을 예언했으나, 자기존중감과 우울을 예언하지 못했다. 반면에, 지지수혜가 미치는 효과를 통제한 고유한 지지제공은 자기존중감과 우울을 예언했으나 주관적 행복감을 예언하지 못했다. 따라서 사회적 지지수혜와 지지제공의 심리적 효과가 다름을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 사회적 지지수혜와 지지제공이 다른 심리적 결과들을 초래함을 입증함으로써 부적응 청소년을 위한 상담이나 심리치료 분야에서 ‘베풀기’및 ‘도움제공하기’방식의 치료적 접근의 효과성을 입증했다는 데에 연구의 의의가 있다. 마지막으로 연구결과에 기초하여 본 연구의 문제점과 후속 연구에 대하여 논의하였다.

알코올 중독자의 사회적 지지에 대한 고찰

이봉재 한국임상사회사업학회 2005 임상사회사업연구 Vol.2 No.1

1970년대 이래로 사회과학과 행동과학 분야에서 건강 및 삶의 질과 관련된 사회적 관계를 이해하기 위한 개념으로 사회적 지지라는 용어가 사용되고 있으며 다양한 대상에 걸쳐 사회적 지지가 신체적, 정신적 건강을 증진시키거나 스트레스로 인한 부정적인 결과를 줄이는 역할을 하고 있음이 실증적 연구들을 통해 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개인의 건강과 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 사회적 지지를 이론적으로 설명한 사회적 지지의 주효과 모델 및 완충효과 모델을 알코올 중독자의 건강과 삶에 적용한 선행연구들을 검토하였으며 주효과 모델과 완충효과 모델이 이론적으로 가정한 사실들이 다양한 실증연구를 통하여 검증되었음을 확인하였다. 한편 사회적 지지의 주효과 모델과 완충효과 모델을 알코올 중독자의 건강과 삶의 질에 적용함에 있어서 지지를 제공하는 출처에 대한 보다 세밀한 검토가 필요함을 언급하였다.사회복지사들은 알코올 중독자들의 사회적 체계 속에 구체적으로 개입하여 그들의 삶에 긍정적인 변화가 일어나도록 돕는 역할을 수행할 수 있다.따라서 알코올 중독자들의 삶 가운데서 주고받는 사회적 지지의 내용과 그 효과를 체계적으로 이해하는 지식은 알코올 중독자들이 처한 어려움들을 극복하도록 돕는 일에 매우 중요한 기여를 할 것이다. Since the 1970s, social and behavioral sciences have used the term social support to refer to social relationships in the context of health and well-being. Previous studies on the health effects of social support have consistently indicated that social support enhances physical and mental health in various populations. In addition, social support has been acknowledged as one potential protective factor against the development of substance use problems. This study examined the importance of two models of social support as it applies to the negative influences that are relevant to an individual's health and well-being.This study adds to the existing body of knowledge about the impacts of social support on individual health and well-being of alcoholics. Understanding how individuals perceive and engage different kind of social support is an important step towards better knowledge about the sources of social support that may be critical for more effective support-based. Social workers have the potential to empower the clients to make positive changes in their environment. This study provides information that contributes to the understanding how individuals perceive and engage different kinds of social support is an important step towards better knowledge about the sources of social support that may be critical to informing the development of more effective support-based interventions.

위암환자의 질병과정에 따른 사회적 지지요구 및 지각된 사회적 지지

이동숙,이은옥 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1997 간호학 논문집 Vol.11 No.2

Social support has emerged in recent years as a major topic in investigations of psychosocial variables influencing health-related outcomes. Findings fro studies (Castelli, 1992; Johnson, 1982; McIllnurray & Holdcroft, 1993; Spegel, Bollm & Yalom, 1981) suggest that social support helps cancer patients adjust themselves psychosocially to cancer. Depending on the stages of disease, need of social support may be different in cancer patients. For that reason, it proposed to assess social support at more than a single point in time. With these backgrounds, this study was conducted to examine different contents and sources of need of social support and perceived social support and perceived social support according to disease process, and provide guidelines for specific and proper supportive care for them. In Korea, gastric cancer is revealed the highest death rate in male cancer patients. Subjects were composed of 103 patients with gastric cancer; 18 in diagnostic period, 23 undergoing surgery, 44 undergoing chemotherapy and 18 in post-treatment adjustment period. They were contacted either in oncologic wards or put patient department in one tertiary hospital in Seoul. The instruments of this study were Social Support Scale which were developed by the researcher. These scales in the form of 5-point Likert type, consists of 20 items, including 3 subscales of emotional support, informational support and instrumental support. The higher the score, the higher the need of social support or the perceived social support. Data were analyzed by SPSS/PC+ program; ANOVA was used to examine differences of needs of social support and perceived social support at 4 points of time (diagnostic period, surgical period, period of chemotherapy and post-treatment period), respectively. Paired-test was used to compare need of social support with perceived social support at each point. The results were as follows. 1. There was no significant differences in total need of social support at 4 points of time. But there were significant differences in need of informational support and need of instrumental support among 3 subscales. Need of informational support was the highest in diagnostic period. 2. There were no significant differences in total perceived social support and 3 subscale at 4 points of time, respectively. 3. Need of instrumental support was higher in women than men, while age was a factor of perceived instrumental support, Perceived instrumental support was the highest at sixties, and the lowest as fifties. 4. In comparison of need of social support and perceived social support at 4 points of time, mean score of total need of social support was significantly higher than score of total perceived social support in diagnostic period, mean score of perceived emotional support higher than score of emotional support need in the period of chemotherapy, and mean score of need of informational support was higher than score of perceived informational support at each period. 5. Main sources of emotional support need were spouse, doctors, and brothers or sisters in order, sources of informational support need were doctors, spouse, and nurses in order, and sources of instrumental support need were spouse, brothers or sisters, and children in order. Sources of perceived emotional social support were spouse, children and nurses in order, sources of perceived informational social support were doctors spouse, and children in order, and sources of perceived instrumental social support were spouse, brothers or sisters, children in order. In conclusions, need of social support and perceived social support in patients having gastric cancer were different as to changing disease process. As sex and age influenced instrumental social support. The results of the study indicate that nurses and other health care workers who deal with the patients with gastric cancer should pay attention to the disease process as well as the kinds of support that the patients need. They also indicate that nurses should provide the support, especially focusing on the informational need of gatric cancer patients.

한국 내 이민자들에 대한 사회적 지지의 유형화 연구 -공적 영역의 구조적, 기능적 지지 유형을 중심으로-

김양정 인문사회 21 2023 인문사회 21 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study is to provide implications for the establishment of a social support network for foreigners staying in Korea in the future by examining the rapidly increasing social support network for foreigners staying in Korea, focusing on the public domain. This study analyzed existing literature and policy documents related to social support theory and social support, summarized the types and characteristics of social support for immigrants in Korea, and approached an exploratory study that presents implications for future activities. The study looked at the concept and type of social support, analyzed the reality of social support for foreigners staying in the public domain, discussed the characteristics and types, and presented implications to help improve social support in the public domain in the future. The results of the study showed that social support in the public system for immigrants in Korea showed tangible characteristics of information and instrumental support. The limitation is that it has not been actively dealt with in terms of evaluation, such as whether social support served as a true protective factor in establishing a social network for immigrants.

The Role of Social Networks in the Etiology and Prognosis of Coronary Heart Diseases: A Meta-Analyses of 44 Most Recent Prospective Studies

염유식,주원탁 한국사회조사연구소 2014 사회연구 Vol.15 No.1

Systematic review of Barth and colleagues on the studies of social support and coronary heart diseases(CHD)(Barth, Schneider & Von Känel, 2010) have examined the effects of two types of social supports: functional and structural. The authors have concluded that functional social support was proved to be effective while there was no robust evidence for the influence of structural social support. The goals of this study were: 1) to re-examine Barth’s analysis for structural social support with more refined types of structural social supports - marital status, living alone, social network size, social engagement and composite index of structural social support - and 2) to review more recent articles about social support and CHD. Meta-analyses were performed by each type of structural social support from the total of 44 prospective studies - 25 from Barth’s review, and 19 new studies on social support and CHD. The results showed enough evidence for the effects of functional social support on CHD but not in the case of structural social support, which confirmed previous conclusion of Barth. This conclusion does not override the effects of structural social support, and more elaborated measures of social network structure are waiting to be tested in future studies.

모유수유중단 추적조사자료에서 본 사회적인 지지와 사회조직망지수의 신뢰도와 타당도

윤학,이충원,윤능기,이무식 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1992 계명의대학술지 Vol.11 No.2

The authors examined the reliability and validity of the emotional and instrumental social support scale and Berkman's Social Network Index(SNI), both of which had developed for the western, middle class to test their adequacy for the Korean in the baseline data of the on-going breast-feeding discontinuation follow-up study. The subjects were recruited 525 wmen who delivered their babies in the Dongsan University Medical Center and one OB/GYN hospital located in Taegu city September to November 1991. For mothers who agreed to enter the follow-up study administered were the questionnaires containing sociodemographic variables and social support scale adopted from Strogatz and James and SNI from Berkman's before discharge. Mean age and educational attainment were 27.3(standard deviation, SD 2.2) and 13 years(SD, 2.4) respectively. Most of the subjects(468, 89.1%) were reported to have adequate instrumental support and 348(66.7%) to have adequate emotional support. Correlation coefficients among social support items and SNI items were 0.36-0.62 and 0.04-0.31, respectively. Those between items of social support and SNI were 0.00-0.15. Internal consistency was 0.75 for social support scale and 0.36 for SNI. And religious attendance of SNI was poorly predicted from the other items. Factor analysis with varimax rotation yielded factor Ⅰ consisted of social support scale items and factor Ⅱ of SNI items. Communality of items were 0.502-0.672 except 0.116 for marital status and 0.097 for religious attendance. Factor loadings of marital status and religious attendance were 0.335 and 0.311 respectively, which were much lower than other items(0.691-0.818). Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the sociodemographic variables associated with instrumental and emotional social support(low=0, adequate=1). Yonger age(B=-0.796, standard error(SE)=0.227, p=0.00) and protestant in contrast with no religion (B=1.150, SE=0.573, p=0.04) were associated with adequate instrumental support after controlling for educational attainments, marital status, types of social security, place of residency and status of employment. Those who reported adequate emotional social support were more educated(B=0.254, SE=0.108, p=0.02) and unemployed(B=-0.623, SE=0.282, p=0.03). Multiple regression performed to examine the sociodemographic variables associated with SNI showed that more educated mothers reported to have wide SNI(B=0.164, SE=0.072, p=0.02). Instrumental and emotional social support scales seemed to be adequate for our subjects but SNI appeared to be inadequate, particularly religious attendance item, which might reflect culture-specific aspects of SNI developed for the western, white middle class different from the Korean's.

초등학교 아동의 운동참여와사회적 지원 및 스트레스간 인과분석

민경훈,김수겸 한국초등체육학회 2009 한국초등체육학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this study investigated causal relationship between athletic participation, social support, and stress in elementary school children. Subjects were 408 elementary school children(Boys:208, Girls:200) who have lived in G city, C , and K province. The scales were used athletic participation scale(frequence, time, and periods), House & Well's(1979) Social Support Scale, and Kim's(2008) Stress scale for elementary school children. The results were as following; 1. There was no difference between boys' social support and stress and those of girls. 2. In analysis correlation, there were significant relation between frequence of athletic participation and social support, between periods of athletic participation and social support. There were negative relation between frequence of athletic participation and stress, between periods of athletic participation and stress. 3. In regression analysis, there were significant relation between athletic frequence and periods, and social support of elementary school children. There ere significant relation between athletic frequence, periods and social support, and stress of elementary school children. 4. In path analysis, there were casual relation between athletic participation, social support and stress of elementary school children. The purpose of this study investigated causal relationship between athletic participation, social support, and stress in elementary school children. Subjects were 408 elementary school children(Boys:208, Girls:200) who have lived in G city, C , and K province. The scales were used athletic participation scale(frequence, time, and periods), House & Well's(1979) Social Support Scale, and Kim's(2008) Stress scale for elementary school children. The results were as following; 1. There was no difference between boys' social support and stress and those of girls. 2. In analysis correlation, there were significant relation between frequence of athletic participation and social support, between periods of athletic participation and social support. There were negative relation between frequence of athletic participation and stress, between periods of athletic participation and stress. 3. In regression analysis, there were significant relation between athletic frequence and periods, and social support of elementary school children. There ere significant relation between athletic frequence, periods and social support, and stress of elementary school children. 4. In path analysis, there were casual relation between athletic participation, social support and stress of elementary school children.

고령자의 주관적인 사회적지지와 음주행태의관련성 분석

김주혜,정진욱,송기민,이상영,윤시몬,손애리 알코올과 건강행동학회 2018 알코올과 건강행동연구 Vol.19 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to analyze the relevance between elderly’s subjective social support and drinking behavior. Methods: This study investigated the elderly aged over 65. A total of 1424 samples were collected by door-to-door interview to investigate subjective social support, smoking, drinking, drinking behavior, average sleeping hours and the number of sleeplessness. In order to test the statistical significance of the difference in health behaviors including smoking, drinking, average sleeping hours and the number of sleeplessness according to the subjective social support, we used cross analysis. Logistic regression analysis that set subjective social health as dependent variable was also conducted to examine the influence of smoking, drinking, average sleeping hours and the number of sleeplessness on subjective social support. Results: Male has higher social support than female, and married has higher social support than unmarried. 32% of elderly were drinking alcohol. By sexuality, male's drinking rate was 55.6% and female's drinking rate was 44.4%. Group with high subjective social support has higher drinking rate than group with low subjective social support. In analysis of social support according to the sexuality and age, male than female, older age and higher social support has higher drinking rate. To examine the influence of subjective social support on drinking behavior, we set the subjective social support as dependent variable. The logistic regression analysis which set subjective social support as dependent variable showed that male than female, married than unmarried has higher subjective social support. Also, group with higher subjective social support showed higher drinking rate. Conclusion: Through this study, we could find that subjective social support and drinking has statistical relevance. Drinking is the medium to attain social support, so they have relevance. Therefore, local community needs to provide education for moderation of drinking, and to develop the programs to enhance social support.

지역사회 거주 노인의 건강과 관련된 사회적 지지(social support) 측정 도구에 대한 체계적 고찰

진연주,홍익표 대한작업치료학회 2023 대한작업치료학회지 Vol.31 No.2

Objective: Social support is an important social factor that affects the maintenance of health and recovery from disease in the social environment and relationships of the older adults. The study aims to systematically review the health-related social support study and assessment tools that have been used for community-dwelling older adults. Methods: From January 2012 to December 2022, we searched for the studies related to social support assessment tools by using the PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) and Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS) databases. The search terms were ‘social support assessment’ OR ‘social support questionnaire’ OR ‘social support scale’, ‘older adults’, ‘community dwelling’ AND ‘health’. Results: A total of 3,897 studies were extracted, and finally 24 studies and 14 social support assessment tools were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Among the social support concepts, the eight assessment tools (57%) were included to measure perceived social support. Conclusion: It is expected that the results of this study could be used to develop a standardized assessment tool that can measure the health-related social support assessment tools for community-dwelling older adults. 목적:본 연구의 목적은 지역사회 거주 노인의 건강과 관련된 사회적 지지 연구에서 적용한 평가도구의 특성과 사회적 지지의 측면 및 하위요인의 분류 및 고찰을 통해 사회적 지지 평가도구들을 체계적으로 분석하여 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법:자료수집은 PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL), 학술연구정보서비스(Research Information Sharing Service; RISS), 한국학술정보(Korean Studies Information Service System; KISS) 국내외 데이터베이스를 사용하여 2012년 1월부터 2022년 12월까지 게재된 논문을 대상으로 문헌을 검색하였다. 검색어는 “social support assessment”, OR “social support questionnaire”, OR “social support scale” AND “older adults” AND “community dwelling” AND “health”를 사용하였다. 결과:총 3,897편의 연구 중 최종적으로 24편의 문헌이 선정되었고, 선정된 문헌에서 14개의 사회적 지지 평가도구가 포함되었다. 사회적 지지 개념적 측면에서 지각된 사회적 지지를 측정하는 도구는 총 14개 중 8개(57%)가 포함되었다. 평가도구의 하위요인은 사회적 지지의 개념적 측면의 기능과 제공 및 수혜 형태의 복합적인 요인을 포함하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론:본 연구는 지역사회 거주 노인의 건강과 관련된 사회적 지지 평가도구의 특성, 측면 및 하위요인을 분류하여 제시하였으며, 표준화된 사회적 지지 평가도구를 개발하는데 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

입원 환자의 사회적 지지와 안위에 관한 연구

조은숙,김경희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2003 중앙간호논문집 Vol.7 No.2

As the quality of 1iving continues to get better, the demand of comfort of patients in admission is now being required more and more resulting in the need for it to be accomplished. Many research papers also show that the social support is extremely crucial in the patient nursing. The purpose of this research is that we estimate the level of the social support and the comfort of patients in admission, while analysing the relationship between the two variables, and try to suggest the basic data of the development of nursing intervention for the patient comfort. The subjects of this investigation were 191 inpatients in two University Hospitals located in Seoul, Korea and the data were collected for 13 days from August 26 to September 7. by using the questionnaire method after patient's permission to fully cooperate with this study. The measurements of the social support were performed with the measurement method which analyse the social support perceived indirectly, developed by J-W Park(1985). And the comfort was measured by 5points-scale that the author modified the method of the comfort measurement developed by Kolcaba(1991). The reliability of theses measurements was Cronbach's α=0.96 for the social support and Cronbach's α=0.91 for the comfort. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS program. The general characteristics of inpatients were analyzed by calculating the real quantity and the percentage, and the social support and the comfort were identified through calculating the mean value of individual domain and standard deviation. The difference of the general characteristics between the social support and the comfort was analysed by t-test and ANOVA Furthermore, the correlation of the general characteristics between the social support and the comfort was analysed by measuring Pearson's coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The average value for the social support of inpatients was 92.75(SD=17.75) among the possible ranges of 25-125. In the cases of the lower domains of the social support, the average value for the emotional support was 41.80(SD=8.14), 18.65(SD=3.65) for the evaluation support, 17.60(SD=4.05) for the materialistic support, and 14.72(SD=3.40) for the informational support. 2. The average value for the comfort of inpatients was 160.32(SD=19.68) among the possible ranges of 48-250, showing the scale more than the average value(105.0) 3. The analysis of the social support according to general characteristics of inpatients showed the statistically significant difference on sex(t=-2.74 p=0.007), age(F=3.14, p=0.026) and educational background(F=6.31, p=0.002). 4. In the comfort, there was no statistically significant difference according to general characteristics of inpatient. 5. There was a positive correlation(r=0.563, p=0.000) between the social support and the comfort. Form the results above mentioned, we observed the positive correlation between the social support and the comfort. So the comfort can be expected to be accomplished by developing or providing the nursing intervention on basis of the individual and whole man according to the individual social support of inpatients. Based on the results so far achieved, we suggest as follows: 1. The researches for the related factors influencing on the social support and e comfort must be performed. 2. Being crucial in the nursing intervention to inpatients. the level of the social support and the comfort need to be studied repeatedly by the methods of measurement already developed so far.