성년후견제도의 운영에 관한 연구

김윤정 ( Kim Yoonjung ),김정환,안문희,서용성 사법정책연구원 2017 연구보고서 Vol.2017 No.5

사람의 행위능력을 일률적으로 제한하던 한정치산·금치산제도가 폐지되고 자기결정권을 존중하고 현존능력을 존중한다는 이념을 실현하기 위하여 성년후견제도가 도입된 지 4년이 지났다. 성년후견제도의 성공적인 운영을 위하여 여러 기관이 후견인의 양성 및 교육 등에 힘써오고 있으나 성년후견제도 지원 기능을 총괄하는 시스템의 부재, 공공후견제도의 제한적 이용, 유관기관의 이해 부족 등으로 성년후견제도가 원활하게 운영되는 데 어려움을 겪고 있다. 성년후견제도는 후견인의 양성, 교육부터 시작하여 후견인의 선임, 후견인을 위한 지원, 후견감독 시스템이 유기적으로 연결되어 있으므로, 어느 한 단계에서라도 적절하게 시스템이 가동되지 않으면 부적절한 후견인이 선임되고 그 후 후견감독에까지 문제가 생기는 특징을 가지고 있다. 따라서 성년후견제도의 성공적 운영을 위해서는 전반적인 시스템을 관장하고, 유관기관과의 협업을 이끌어내며, 성년후견과 관련된 정보가 집중되고 축적되어 관리될 수 있는 ‘지원 조직’ 또는 ‘지원 역할의 수행’이 매우 중요하고 필요하다. 성년후견제도를 우리보다 앞서 도입한 나라들은, 후견인을 선임하는 기관과 별도의 ‘지원 조직’으로 후견청을 가지고 있는 나라와 후견청을 가지고 있지는 아니하나 여러 기관들이 ‘지원 역할을 수행’하기 위하여 노력하는 나라로 나눌 수 있다. 즉 나라마다 성년후견제도를 지원하는 태양이 다르다. 이 연구에서는 우리나라보다 먼저 성년후견제도를 도입한 국가들의 상황을 참고하여, 후견인 양성과 교육, 후견인 선임, 후견인의 업무 수행, 성년후견제도 지원, 후견감독 시스템 등 전반적인 성년후견제도의 운영 개선 방안을 제안하였다. 그리고 현장에서 실현 가능하면서도 구체적인 개선방안을 도출하기 위하여 법원 관계자, 성년후견 관련 전문직 종사자, 후견법인이나 후견 관련 단체 등 관계기관 종사자 등을 대상으로 인터뷰를 병행하였다. 다만 이 연구는 성년후견제도의 운영상 문제점에 초점을 맞추고 있으므로 통계나 운영의 결과물이 쌓인 법정후견제도의 운영에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 성년후견제도의 이념을 실현하는 측면에서 임의후견제도의 운영 상황을 분석하는 것도 매우 중요한 과제일 것이나 현재까지 운영의 결과물이나 통계 등이 비교적 부족하므로 임의후견제도의 활성화를 위한 연구가 더 필요한 상황이다. 앞으로 고령화가 더욱 급속하게 진행될 것으로 예상되는 상황에서 성년후견제도에 대한 국민적 관심은 더욱 높아질 것으로 보인다. 성년후견제도의 성공적 운영을 위해서는 법원이나 정부뿐만 아니라 전문가단체, 민간단체에 이르기까지 협업을 이끌어내는 동력이 필요하고, 성년후견제도와 관련된 사회적 기반을 더욱 충실히 다지는 노력도 함께 더해져야 한다. 이 연구에서 제안한 개선방안들이 심도 있게 검토되어 성년후견제도가 이를 필요로 하는 사람들에게 안전하면서도 도움이 되는 제도로 정착될 수 있기를 기대한다. Four years have passed since Korea's incompetent/quasi-incompetent system― mechanisms that uniformly restricted a protected person’s capacity to act regardless of individual differences―was substituted by the adoption of an adult guardianship system. The aim of this new system was to enhance the right of self-determination by respecting an individual’s residual capacity; however, despite several competent organizations' efforts in training and educating guardians for the successful operations of the new system, there is still much to be desired. In particular, it has been noted that there is no effective supporting institution to supervise the entire process of the adult guardianship system and that there is a lack of effective communication and cooperation between guardian-related institutions. Since each process (e.g., training, appointing, supporting, and monitoring adult guardians) of the adult guardianship system is closely connected, if any one process is not properly implemented, then the entire operation of the system is negatively affected. It is, therefore, necessary to establish a supporting institution or system that can effectively supervise the entire operation of the system, build a cooperating relationship between the relevant authorities, and provide an information center where all related information is assembled, stored and managed. This research conducts a comparative legal analysis of different countries that adopted and employed adult guardianship systems to see how those countries have developed supporting institutions or systems for effectively training, appointing, supporting and monitoring adult guardians. Based on this comparative analysis, this research offers suggestions for improving Korea's management of the adult guardianship system. In order to provide practical and specific improvement measures, this research includes an analysis of interviews with experts including judges, court officials, and various professionals from guardian-related institutions. It is, however, important to note that this research mainly examines issues regarding the current status of the court-appointed (involuntary) adult guardianship system, and the question as to how we could encourage the use of voluntary guardianship contract that goes beyond the scope of this research. As Korea is rapidly becoming an aging society, national interest in adult guardianship will be rising. For devising a better way to successfully operate an adult guardianship system, it is necessary to find a way to build a partnership between courts, the government, expert groups and private organizations to improve social infrastructure. This research hopes to make an important contribution to the current practice of Korea's adult guardianship system and thereby help lead to meaningful improvements that provide adults who need guardianship service with a safe and trustworthy system.

일본의 성년후견등기제도에 관한 연구

신영호 ( Young Ho Shin ),권은경 ( Eun Kyoung Kwon ) 안암법학회 2012 안암 법학 Vol.0 No.37

As 「The Civil act」 was amended on March 7. 2011, The incompetent or quasi-incompetent system was repealed and The Adult guardianship system was introduced. Contents of the Adult guardianship system include the adult guardianship registration system. enforcement As amended 「The Civil act」 is scheduled to enforce on July 1. 2013. From now on, we should focus on legislation on the adult guardianship registration system and building of registration system. in case of designing bill in the National Assembly on the adult guardianship registration, we are able to refer to the adult guardianship registration system in Japan. Because they already have enforced it over ten years. Contents of the adult guardianship registration system in Japan are as follow. First, with the computer system the adult guardianship registration affairs are treated by the Bureau of Judicial Affairs, a local Bureau of Judicial Affairs, a branch, or a subbranch that the Justice Minister appointed. Second, types of the adult guardianship registrations in Japan are a registration of statutory guardianship, a registration of guardianship contract, a registration of guardianship order, etc. If there are changes on registration affairs, registration of change is done. and If statutory guardianship or guardianship contract are terminated, registration of termination is done. Third, in case of a registration of statutory guardianship, the record of registration is organized every judgement of commencement. In case of a guardianship contract it is organized every contract. And in case of a guardianship order, etc., it is organized every order. Fourth, the opening of the record of registration is done by delivery of a registration affair certificate or a closure registration affair certificate and persons entitled to delivery ate limited. Fifth, some fee is imposed. Sixth, there are proceedings of dissatisfactions. Finally, interim measures are done on the incompetent or quasi-incompetent and related Acts are organized. In case of refering to the adult guardianship registration system in Japan, there are some considerations. Above all, not only 「Act on guardianship registration, etc.」 but also subordinated acts and related acts arc examined thoroughly. Together, raising questions and suggestions of remidies on the adult guardianship registration system in Japan should be checked And, Intensive preparation for smooth enforcement of the adult guardianship registration system in Japan has great implications for us. In the end, As There are some differences between our adult guardianship system and Japan`s, we need to be cautious them.

일본 “성년후견제도 이용촉진기본계획에 관한 중간검증보고서”에 따른 법무성의 향후 대응

오호철(Oh, Ho-Cheol) 한국법이론실무학회 2021 법률실무연구 Vol.9 No.1

일본의 성년후견제도는 우리나라와 같이 이용실적이 매우 저조하여 이를 극복하기 위해 다양한 의견이 있었으나, 2016년 4월 15일 『성년후견제도의 이용촉진에 관한 법률』을 제정하게 된다. 이 법을 제정하여 성년후견제도의 이용촉진을 목표로 성년후견제도를 둘러싼 다양한 문제에 대한 해결을 국가가 힘쓸 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 이 법 제12조 제1항을 근거로 2017년 3월 24일 『성년후견제도이용촉진기본계획』을 발표하게 된다. 이 계획은 성년후견제도를 둘러싼 과제를 정리하여 향후 대응에 OutLine을 제시하였다. 그리고 2020년 3월 17일 성년후견제도 이용촉진 전문가회의에서 『성년후견제도 이용촉진 기본계획에 관한 중간검증보고서』가 정리되어 동년 3월 24일 보고되었다. 본 논문은 이러한 일본의 중간검증보고서를 바탕으로 일본의 법무성이 대응해야 하는 내용, 즉 후견제도지원신탁 및 후견제도지원예적금의 보급에 관한 문제와 임의후견제도의 취지에 따른 적절한 운용 확보에 관한 대처 및 피성년후견인 등의 권리제한 조치의 재검토에 대해 검토 후, 우리나라에 어떠한 시사점이 있는지를 살펴보았다. The use of adult guardianship system in Japan is very poor as in Korea, so 『Act on promoting the use of adult guardianship system』 has enacted on April 15, 2016 to overcome this. It was confirmed that the nation will make every effort to solve various problems about adult guardianship system to promote the use of adult guardianship system by enacting his law. And 『Master plan of promoting the use of adult guardianship system』 was announced on March 24, 2017 based on Article 12-1 of this law. This plan summarized the tasks about adult guardianship system and presented Out Line for future countermeasures. And 『Interim verification report on master plan of promoting the use of Adult Guardianship System』 was organized and reported on March 24, 2020 in the experts meeting for promoting the use of adult guardianship system on March 17 of the same year. This study examined what Ministry of Justice, Japan should respond to such as matters on the supply of Guardianship System Support Trust and Guardianship System Support Deposit and Savings, countermeasures on appropriate security of operation according to the intention of voluntary guardianship system and reexamination of right limitation such as adult ward on adult guardianship system to check whether there is any implication for Korea.

성년후견제도의 도입논의와 영국의 정신능력법의 시사점

제철웅(Je Cheol-Ung),박주영(Park Ju-Young) 한국가족법학회 2007 가족법연구 Vol.21 No.3

  Self-decision-making and communication with others are the key point of a person’s life. Therefore, the Adults who lose mental ability or have incompetent mental ability( = incapacitated adults) need special guardianship in order to live an integrative life as a member of society. The guardianship of korean Civil Code(KCC) provides safeguards by allowing guardian to administer the property and affairs of incapacitated adults. But, the guardianship of KCC focuses mainly on the protection of mental-disordered adults. Therefore Stigma accompanies the guardianship. In addition, the matters concerning personal welfare of incapacitated adults are our of protection. So a new guardianship system and a kind of lasting power of attorney system are necessary to protect wholly the incapacitated adults.<BR>  This article explains the main features and contents of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 of England, which is supposed to substitute the Enduring Powers of Attorney Act(EPAA) 1985 and the Part 7 of the Mental Health Act(MHA) 1985. Compared to EPAA and MHA, this Act enlarges the protection scope of incapacitated adults to the personal welfare matters. In addition, it provides various protection means such as a deputy, a independent mental capacity advocate and a lasting power of attorney. The Aim of Mental Capacity Act which has been enforced since 2007 is to help the incapacitated adults make their own decision. When someone needs to do an act or make a substituted decision instead of an incapacitated adult, she or he should do or make it in the best interest of an incapacitated adult. According to this Act(Sec. 4 (6)),  then, the hope, feelings, beliefs and values of an incapacitated adult should be taken into full consideration. It aims at helping an incapacitated adult live the same or similar life as usual even when she or he loses mental ability or has incompetent mental ability. The implication of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 of England to the reform discussion on our Adult Guardianship System is under what ideology and aim we should organize Adult Guardianship System. The most important part exists in helping the incapacitated adults make themselves their own decision. In addition, in the part of reality, Adult Guardianship System focusing on “human" and respecting self-decision - making of the incapacitated adults should be institutionalized instead of legal incompetence system focusing on just “property". Under this aim, the way, realm and content of guardianship should be judged.<BR>  First, in the aspect of the realm of guardianship, many things that have drawn little attention in the discussion of present Adult Guardianship System should be discussed such as a remedy under the emergency which limits decision-making, the continuance of life in coma, the way to respect decision made even when forced to be treated as a psychic patient.<BR>  Second, in the aspect of the method of guardianship, diverse forms guardianship should be provided in accordance of the needs of incapacitated adults and their family members who take care of them. More than anything else, even when family members take care of the incapacitated adults without selecting legal adult guardian, appropriate statutory protective system should be provided. In addition, legal adult guardianship system should be compatible with a kind of lasting power of attorney system and diversity of content is needed as well.<BR>  Third, in the aspect of the content of guardianship, the guardianship that respects the decision of the incapacitated adults should be provided. To sum up, it should be kept in mind that the bottom-line of Adult Guardianship System which we expedite the enactment of lies not in property but in the respect of decision-making.

成年後見制度의 導入에 따른 國際後見法의 再考察

李秉和(Byung-Hwa Lee) 한국비교사법학회 2006 비교사법 Vol.13 No.3

  In the framework of current civil law, typical examples of institution in favor of the handicapped with mental defects or insufficiencies are civil system for the quasiincompetent and incompetent and guardian system. Unfortunately, however, these two systems are not very much available currently on the rapid way to aging society. Thus, it is necessary to introduce adult guardianship system helpful practically for incompetent majors lacking in judgment in the aspect of property management and personal care or custody. Originally, the adult guardianship system is a legitimate instrument that aims to respect self-decisions of elders and disabled persons to the utmost and prevent them from any potential damage attributed to their headlong behaviors. This system has been already legislated and enacted in most of advanced countries. Although there are some academic discussions about this system in Korea, however, there is not yet any full-scale lawmaking work for it.<BR>  Therefore, this study intends to point out the questions of current civil guardianship system and also underscore the significance and necessity of adult guardianship system. Moreover, it intends to address any possible direction and challenges of adult guardianship system through examination into this system from the angle of comparative law. On the other hand, our globalized society faces increasing possibility of disputes with international guardianship because of remarkable gaps in legislative case, jurisprudential hypothesis and legal case among countries. That is why it is necessary to make a little further examination into what private international law provides for international guardianship, and also analyze the questions in construction of such guardianship system from a perspective of private international law(conflict of laws) before introduction of adult guardianship system within a boundary of substantive law(civil law). In this regard, this study intends to investigate relevant legislation in major advanced countries and address current provisions about international guardianship system in Hague Conventions, so that it can seek for any possible legislative direction of Korea"s private international law. In addition, this study also takes multilateral approaches to address challenges for review in current international guardianship law and various issue points that may be posed in the aspect of private international law after introducing adult guardianship system, so that it can provide theoretical grounds helpful to overcome possible challenges in the application of international guardianship law.<BR>  Summing up, this study addresses two major issues, i.e. 1) introduction of adult guardianship system in civil law and resulting challenges, and 2) current profile and perspective of international guardianship law on basis of private international law. First, this study points out the questions of guardianship system provided in civil law as substantive law; underlines the necessity of introducing adult guardianship system; looks into current adult guardianship system enforced already in advanced countries from a standpoint of comparative substantive law; and examines possible directions of introducing adult guardianship system appropriate for Korea and resulting challenges as well on the whole. Next, this study addresses the contents of international guardianship law as provided in private international law(conflict of laws); examines legislative standpoints about international guardianship law in each country from angle of comparative private international law; and outlines provisions relevant to international guardianship law in Hague Conventions. Finally, this study is to address possible construction of international guardianship law and relevant challenges for consideration before introducing adult guardianship system.

현행 성년후견제도와 관련한 몇 가지 민법규정의타당성에 관한 재검토

김성욱 ( Sung Wook Kim ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2014 홍익법학 Vol.15 No.3

Adult guardianship system refers to a system that is newly introduced under therevised civil law with a view to overcoming problems of quasi-incompetence systemand guardianship system that has been conventionally accepted under the civil law,and individually coping with a variety of circumstances people face in their need forprotection in response to social requests. Like many developed countries, theprotection system for mentally incapacitated adults, in other words, adultguardianship system has been reformed in Korea. It has been in force 1. July, 2013in South Korea. The new adult guardianship system intended to respect dignity andhuman rights of mentally incapacitated adults, to guarantee their autonomy and tominimize the public interventions for assisting them. The new guardianship system forvulnerable adult, which is due to be implemented by 1. July 2013, has three kinds oflegal guardianship system(adult guardianship, limited guardianship and specificguardianship. I explained about the legislative background and the main Civil Codeprovisions in connection with adult guardianship system and suggested especially theproblems and improvements in connection with the age of majority, and the effectsof juristic act in guardianship contract and specific guardianship system.

성년후견제도 입법 과정에서의 주요 쟁점 및향후 과제

구상엽 한국민사법학회 2013 民事法學 Vol.65 No.-

The adult guardianship system refers to a legal assistance programwhereby an adult guardian assists in the decision-making of or in lookingafter the rights and interests of another adult who is not mentally capableof taking care of his/her personal affairs or property. As the purpose ofdeclaring someone incompetent or quasi-incompetent is to protect thoselacking the ability to handle one's affairs due to mental incapacity, it maybe regarded as an example of adult guardianship. Yet, because declaring aperson incompetent may have a stigma effect and may excessively limithis/her legal capacity, it has not been properly utilized. With the dawn ofthe “welfare state” and an “aging society”, the paradigm for welfare haschanged from that based on “unilateral measures” to one based on“contracts” and the boundary between the legal and the welfare domainhave become very vague. As such, the adult guardianship system wassought as a comprehensive legal and welfare support system responding tothose that are in need of such support. With the revision of the civil codein March 2011, the new guardianship system was introduced. The fundamental idea behind the revision is to respect the intentionand capability of the ward, based on the principles of necessity,supplementarity and normalization. Therefore, the revised civil code clearlystates that the intention of the ward should always be respected at thecommencement of and throughout the entire period of the guardianship. In order to maximize the capability of the ward, various types ofguardianship are introduced. While previous incompetency-related measuresmostly focused on property matters, additional clauses were introducedenabling the guardian to more actively take care of the ward’s personalmatters, as long as it would not infringe upon the ward’s selfdetermination. Therefore, the new adult guardianship system isfundamentally different from the previous incompetence-based system. The adult guardianship system is significant in two aspects: first, it isthe first product of a long-term project to review the entire civil code,which has been revised very few times since its enactment in 1958;second, it marks an initial point for improving the interests of the disabledand the elderly through the revision of the civil code. Yet, there are manyissues to be resolved, for example, the concept and scope of personalaffairsprotection and the co-existing relationship between the variousadult guardianship programs. With the introduction of the adultguardianship system, there is also a need for a social basis which willensure its sound implementation. The basis of this dissertation was experience gained as a publicprosecutor in the Ministry of Justice responsible for introducing the adultguardianship system and the overall revision of the civil code. Therefore,the objective of this dissertation is to provide an in-depth analysis of thevalues and theoretical basis for successful implementation of the newlyintroducedadult guardianship system. It first introduces the rationale forand the guiding principles of the adult guardianship system, controversialissues and policy questions raised during the legislative process. Then, bycarefully analyzing the intention of the legislators, interpretation of variousclauses, desirable ways of operation and possible legislative improvementsare suggested. Finally, in order to ensure and strengthen the fairness and accessibility of adult guardianship system, measures to align relevant lawsand regulations with the revised civil code are examined.

일본의 성년후견제도에 관한 고찰

이병화(Byung-Hwa Lee) 동덕여자대학교 인문과학연구소 2009 人文科學硏究 Vol.15 No.-

본래 후견이란 자기 자신의 일을 스스로 처리할 수 없는 자를 위하여 국가의 감독 하에 그와 같은 자의 재산관리 및 신상감호를 해주는 제도를 말한다. 우리나라에서도 정신능력이 불완전하여 의사능력이 없는 자를 형식적·획일적으로 정형화함으로써 무능력자 본인의 보호는 물론 거래의 안전을 도모하고는 있으나, 실제로 현행 우리 민법상 행위무능력자 보호제도에 관해서는 상당한 문제점이 제기되어왔다. 더욱이 오늘날의 사회는 급속하게 고령화되고 자녀수도 감소하면서 치매성 고령자 및 독거노인 혹은 부부만으로 이루어진 고령자가 급증하고 있다. 또한 지적·정신적 장애자에 대한 인권침해의사례와 치매노인에 대한 학대·방임 등 사회적 문제가 날이 갈수록 한층 심각해지고 있다. 이처럼 고령사회의 진전과 함께 고령자의 권익보호라는 관점에서의 대응이 시급한 상황에서 우리나라도 연도별ㆍ단계별 순차적으로 민법의 전면개정을 통해 보다 유연하고 탄력적이며 이용하기 수월한 성년후견제도의 도입이 필요하게 된 것이다. 특히 우리나라보다 먼저 고령사회를 맞이했던 일본은 새로운 성년후견제도를 창설함으로써 기존의 경직된 후견방식에서 벗어나 다양한 사례의 유형에 따라 탄력적으로 적용할 수 있도록 후견제도를 개선하여 궁극적으로는 본인의 의사를 존중하고 본인이 필요로 하는 바를 제공하기 위한 제도를 마련하게 되었다. 이에 주목하여 본 논문에서는 향후 우리나라가 도입하여 시행하게 될 성년후견제도의 입법방향 및 개선점을 파악하는데 도움이 되고자 한다. 따라서 일본의 성년후견제도의 의의 및 배경을 전반적으로 살펴보고, 성년후견제도의 내용을 법정후견제도(보조·보좌·후견제도)와 임의후견제도로 구분하여 개관하며, 성년후견제도의 등기절차를 구체적으로 검토하고 있다. 끝으로 일본의 성년후견제도에 관한 고찰을 바탕으로 우리나라에 있어서 성년후견제도의 도입방향과 검토과제 등을 제시하고 있다. Originally, guardianship refers to a system designed for governmental supervision of asset management, personal care and custody on behalf of incompetent persons who cannot afford to do their works. In Korea, the incompetent persons who have incomplete mental faculties and have no communication competence are formally and uniformly classified into certain categories, so that they can be protected by governmental supports in parallel with assurance of transaction safety involved with them. But it is still pointed out that the Korean Civil Code has considerable problems concerning in terms of current incompetent protection system. Besides, contemporary Korean society faces the risk of rapidly aging population and decreasing number of newborn babies, so that there is an exponential increase of aged population consisting only of senior dementia cases, old men or women who live alone, or old couples. In addition, we face increasing cases of violated human rights vested in the intellectual and mental disabled, and our society gets troubled with more serious social issues day by day from the mistreatment and nonintervention of senior dementia cases. Since it is urgently demanded to take effective measures for those problems from the standpoint of protecting senior right, as we go to aging society, Korea needs to introduce more flexible, more elastic and more userfriendly adult guardianship system through complete revision of the Korean Civil Code in regular series by year and step. Particularly, Japan has already faced aged society in advance of Korea and has established a new adult guardianship system which is designed to improve conventional rigid guardianship system to flexibly meet a variety of cases, and ultimately contribute to respecting clients' own choice and provide them with what they need really. Based on Japan's guardianship model cases, this study intends to help identify the legislative orientation and potential improvements of adult guardianship system that will be introduced and implemented in Korea as well in near future. Accordingly, this study gives an overview about the significance and historical backgrounds of Japan's adult guardianship system; classifies and discusses the content of adult guardianship system into legal guardianship system (assistance / support / guardianship system) and optional guardianship system; and makes further examinations into registration process of adult guardianship system. Finally, this study examines Japan's adult guardianship system and thereby suggests possible orientation and review of adult guardianship system to be introduced in Korea.

일본의 “성년후견제도의 이용촉진에 관한 법률”과 “성년후견제도이용촉진기본계획”의 검토

오호철(Oh, Ho-Cheol) 한국법이론실무학회 2020 법률실무연구 Vol.8 No.3

일본의 성년후견제도는 2000년 4월에 시행되었고, 10년이 지난 2010년에는 근본적 재검토를 해야 하는 사태에 이르렀다. 일본 성년후견제도의 이용대상자의 수(일본의 치매환자 수만 65세 이상의 노인 중 약 10%가 된다)는 많으나, 이를 이용하는 이용자는 매우 저조하였다. 그 원인은 자신의 부모나 배우자에 대해 성년후견 절차를 신청하는 것에 가족의 심리적 저항감이 있거나 성년후견신청을 하지 않아도 가족이 사실상 본인을 대신하여 일상의 재산관리를 할 수 있다. 만약, 성년후견신청을 하여 후견인이 되는 가족이 있다면 재판소에 보고의무 등이 생겨 절차적인 부담감이 드는 문제도 발생한다. 이러한 상황에서 2010년 10월에 요코하마(橫浜)에서 개최된 제1회 성년후견세계회의에서 선언한 「요코하마선언(橫浜宣言)」을 통해 일본은 2016년 4월에 “성년후견제도의 이용촉진에 관한 법률을 시행하였고, 2017년 3월 24일 ”성년후견제도이용 촉진기본계획“이 시행되었다. 일본의 “성년후견제도의 이용촉진에 관한 법률의 주요 내용은 「요코하마선언」의 취지를 반영하여, ‘성년후견제도의 이념 존중’, ‘지역수용에 대응하는 성년후견제도의 이용촉진’, ‘성년후견제도의 이용에 관한 체제의 정비’를 기본이념으로 하고, 정부에게 매년 성년후견제도의 이용촉진에 관한 시책의 실시상황을 공표하도록 함으로써 성년후견제도의 이용을 활성화하고자 하였다. 우리나라에서도 2013년 7월에 성년후견제도가 시행된 이후 8년째를 맞이하고 있다. 우리나라의 성년후견제도의 이용률이 전체 대상 인원의 1%에 불과한 실정이다 보니 일본의 성년후견제도와 같이 근본적인 재검토를 하여야 할 상황에 이르렀다. 이에 우리나라에서도 국회의원 원혜영 의원이 2019년 5월 14일 “후견 등 의사결정지원에 관한 기본법안”을 대표발의 하였다. 본 법안 역시 일본의 “성년후견제도의 이용촉진에 관한 법률과 유사하게 성년후견제도를 비롯한 의사결정능력이 부족한 성인을 위한 의사결정지원제도가 확산되고, 스스로 후견인 등의 도움을 받을 수 없는 성인들을 보호하는 공공후견제도가 정비될 수 있도록 국가적 차원의 종합적 계획과 지원이 이루어질 수 있도록 하기 위한 컨트롤타워와 실행주체를 마련하였다. 그러나 안타깝게도 본 법안은 국회의원의 임기만료로 폐기가 되었다. 따라서 본 논문은 다음에 더 세밀하게 법안을 수정하여 국회에서 통과될 수 있도록 일본의 “성년후견제도의 이용촉진에 관한 법률과 ”성년후견제도이용촉진기본계획“을 중심으로 주요내용을 살펴보았다. Japanese Acts on Adult Guardianship was implemented in April 2000, and a decade later, in 2010, it is required to have a fundamental review. There were several recipients for Japanese Adult Guardianship Act (the number of senile demented patients in Japan is approximately 10% of those aged 65 or older), but the number of recipients utilizing it was meagre. The reason behind this is that the family has psychological resistance to applying for Adult Guardianship procedures for their parents or spouses, or that without applying for Adult Guardianship, the family can virtually manage the routine property on their behalf. There is a problem of procedural burden, because of the duty to report to the court if there is a family member who becomes a guardian by applying for Adult Guardianship. Under these circumstances, through the Yokohama Declaration proclaimed at the first Adult Guardianship World Conference held in Yokohama in October 2010, Japan implemented the Acts on Promoting the Utilisation of Adult Guardianship in April 2016 and General Plan for Promoting Utilisation of Japanese Adult Guardianship was implemented on 24th March 2017. The main issue of Acts on Promoting Utilisation of Japanese Adult Guardianship reflected the aim of the Yokohama Declaration and have a basic ideology including Respect for the ideology of the Acts on Adult Guardianship, Promoting the utilisation of Acts on Adult Guardianship in response to local expropriation, and Improving the system of the Adult Guardianship utilisation. In Addition, the use of the Adult Guardianship system intended to be promoted by requiring the government to publish the implementation status of relevant policies for improving the utilisation of Adult Guardianship system annually. In South Korea, the Adult Guardian system was implemented in July 2013, which is the eighth year. It is currently necessary to conduct a fundamental review like Japanese Adult Guardianship system, as the utilization rate of Korean Adult Guardianship system is only 1% of the total number of subject personnel to it. Thus, Won Hye-young, a member of the National Assembly in South Korea, proposed a Basic bill on Decision-making supporting, including Guardianship on 14th May 2019. Similar to Japanese Acts on Promoting the Utilization of Adult Guardianship, the bill also provide a control tower and implementation subject to ensure that plans of broad national scale and support can be implemented to expand the decision support system for adults who are inadequate for decision-making skills and to enhance the public guardianship system that protects adults who cannot receive aid from their guardians. However, the bill has been discarded due to the expiration of the term of a member of the National Assembly. Therefore, this study reviewed the primary contents of Japanese Acts on Promoting the Utilization of Japanese Adult Guardianship and General Plan for Promoting Utilization of Adult Guardianship so that it can be passed by the National Assembly next time with detail revised bill.

일본 성년후견제도의 이용촉진에 따른 변호사의 역할

오호철(Oh, Ho-Cheol) 한국법이론실무학회 2021 법률실무연구 Vol.9 No.2

일본은 2016년 4월 15일 “성년후견제도의 이용촉진에 관한 법률(成年後見制度の利用の促進に関する法律)”을 제정하고, 동법 제12조를 근거로 2017년 3월 24일 “성년후견제도 이용촉진기본계획(成年後見制度利用促進基本計劃)”을 만들었다. 그리고 2020년 3월 24일 “성년후견제도 이용촉진기본계획에 관한 중간보고서(成年後見制度利用促進基本計画に係る中間検証報告書)”를 발표하였다. 성년후견제도 이용촉진기본계획에 관한 중간보고서는 성년후견제도 이용촉진기본계획에서 열거하고 있는 각종의 시책에 대한 진행 상황을 파악하고 평가하여 개별과제를 정리하면서 앞으로 추가적 활동 방향성과 국가, 지방자치단체, 성년후견 관련 단체에 대응 방향을 요구하고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 성년후견 관련 단체나 전문직 중 변호사를 중심으로 변호사에게 요구하고 있는 역할을 검토하였다. 이를 정리하면, 첫 번째로 성년후견인 등(후견, 보좌, 보조를 포함)으로 변호사 선임이 필요한 사안이 있다. 두 번째로 향후 변호사가 성년후견인 등으로 선임되는 경우 단순 재산관리와 재산관리에 관한 법률행위의 대리권뿐만 아니라 본인의 의사를 배려하는 의무를 준수하여야 한다. 그리고 이를 실천하기 위해 지역에서 성년 피후견인 등을 지원하는 복지관계자와 긴밀하게 연대하여 성년피후견인 등을 뒷받침하는 네트워크의 일원으로 활동할 것을 요구하고 있다. 세 번째로 후견감독인 등의 역할을 기대할 수 있다. 네 번째로 성년피후견인이나 가족이 성년후견인 등을 신청하기 어려운 경우 시정촌장이 이를 신청할 수 있는데, 이때 변호사는 구체적인 신청절차를 조언하거나 지방공공단체와 연대를 강화해 나갈 것을 요구하고 있다. 다섯 번째로 변호사는 시민후견인의 양성과 지원역할을 할 수 있으며, 마지막으로 본인의 의사결정을 지원하는 역할을 해야 한다. Japan enacted the Act on the promotion of use of adult guardianship system on April 15, 2016, and made basic plan for promotion of use of adult guardianship system on March 24, 2017 based on Article 12 of the same act. And they announced interim report on the promotion of use of adult guardianship system on March 24, 2020. The interim report on the promotion of use of adult guardianship system examines and evaluates the progress of various policies listed on the interim report on the promotion of use of adult guardianship system to organize individual task, requiring additional activity directions and reaction directions to nation, local governments and groups related to adult guardianship. Therefore, this paper examines the role required by the lawyers focusing on groups related to adult guardianship or lawyers among professionals. In summary, first, there are issues which require to appoint lawyer as adult guardians (including guardianship, assistance, help). Second, if lawyer is appointed as adult guardian in the future, he/she must comply with not only the right of representation of simple property management and legal act on property management but also obligation to consider his/her own opinions. And to practice this, he/she must closely work with welfare officials who support adult ward in the community to act as a member of network that supports adult ward. Third, we can expect them to play a role as guardianship supervisor. Fourth, if adult ward or family has difficulty to apply adult guardianship, the head of community can apply this instead. At this time, lawyers are required to give advice on specific application procedures or strengthen solidarity with local public organizations. Fifth, lawyers can cultivate and support citizen guardians, and finally, they should support their own decision making.