Four New Records of Grenadiers (Macrouridae, Gadiformes, Teleostei) from Korea

Kim, Seong-Yong,Iwamoto, Tomio,Yabe, Mamoru The Ichthyological Society of Korea 2009 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.21 No.2

한국 동해안에서 채집된 민태과 어류 표본을 검토한 과정에서 Coryphaenoides(속명신칭: 긴가시민태속)에 포함되는 2종 Coryphaenoides marginatus(국명신칭: 큰눈긴가시민태), C. microps(국명신칭: 작은눈긴가시민태)과 Coelorinchus(속명신칭: 꼬리민태속)에 속하는 2종 Coelorinchus macrochir(국명신칭: 긴팔꼬리민태), C. formosanus (국명신칭: 타이완꼬리민태)은 한국미기록종으로 확인되어 사진과 함께 재기재하고 한국 동해안에 분포하는 민태과(Macrouridae) 2속 8종의 속 및 종검색표를 제시하였으며 지리적 분포에 대하여 기록하였다. A taxonomic study of the family Macrouridae was conducted using fish collections deposited in the Department of Biology, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Korea and the East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Korea. Among these collections were specimens of four species belonging to the genera Coryphaenoides and Coelorinchus: Coryphaenoides marginatus, C. microps, Coelorinchus (Abyssicola) macrochir, and C. formosanus. These specimens represent the first records of the species from Korean waters and from the East Sea (Japan Sea). Only four species (Coelorinchus longissimus, C. multispinulosus, C. japonicus, and C. parallelus) had previously been recorded from the East Sea. The Korean names "Keun-nun-gin-ga-si-min-te" (for Coryphaenoides marginatus), "Jak-eun-nun-gin-ga-si-min-te" (for C. microps), "Gin-pal-kko-ri-min-te" (for Coelorinchus macrochir), and "Ta-i-wan-kko-ri-min-te" (for Coelorinchus formosanus) are herein given to these species.

Strategies for Conservation and Restoration of Freshwater Fish Species in Korea

강언종,양현,Kang, Eon-Jong,Bang, In-Chul,Yang, Hyun The Ichthyological Society of Korea 2009 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

The tiny fragment of freshwater body is providing home for huge biodiversity and resources for the existence of human. The competing demand for freshwater have been increased rapidly and it caused the declination of biodiversity in recent decades. Unlike the natural process of extinction in gradual progress, the current species extinction is accelerated by human activity. As a result many fish species are already extinct or alive only in captivity in the world and about fifty eight animal species are in endangered in Korea including eighteen freshwater species. Conservation of biodiversity is the process by which the prevention of loss or damage is attained, and is often associated with management of the natural environment. The practical action is classified into in-situ, or ex-situ depending on the location of the conservation effort. Recovery means the process by which the status of endangerment is improved to persist in the wild by re-introduction of species from ex-situ conservation population into nature or translocation of some population. However there are a lot of restrictions to complete it and successful results are known very rare in case. In this article the authors explore some strategies for conservation and restoration of freshwater fish species conducted in Korea for few years. The major causes are discussed in relation with the decline of freshwater fish diversity during few decades and some strategies are evaluated to advance the process of conservation. A study on the Korean bullhead, Pseudobagrus brevicorpus, is introduced as a case for ex-situ conservation and restoration in freshwater ecosystem.

Exon Capture - Principle and Applications to Phylogenomics and Population Genomics of Fishes

Li, Chenhong The Ichthyological Society of Korea 2021 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.33 No.4

한 유전좌위 또는 소수의 유전좌위에 기반한 계통발생학적 재구성은 분자 계통수/종 계통수의 불일치로 인해 오해를 불러일으킬 수 있다. 종의 구분과 종내 연구에서도 적은 유전좌위를 사용할 때 통계력 부족으로 해상도가 낮은 경우가 많이 발생한다. 엑손 포획법은 게놈 규모의 데이터를 수집하는 가장 효율적인 방법 중 하나로, 종내 및 상위 수준에서 생물의 패턴과 역사를 구명하는 연구에 크게 이바지할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 단일 유전자 방법에서 게놈 접근으로의 전환의 진보와 게놈 기술에 비해 엑손 포획법의 적용 이점을 설명하였다. 또한 엑손 포획법의 원리를 설명하고 이 방법의 적용을 위한 상세한 제언을 기술하였다. 최종적으로, 두 가지 적용을 활용한 엑손 포획법을 설명하고 이 기술에 대한 미래 전망을 논의하였다. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on one locus or a few loci can be misleading due to gene-tree/species-tree discordance. Species delimitation and intraspecific studies also often suffered from low resolution because of insufficient statistic power when few loci were used. Exon capture method is one of the most efficient way to collect genome-scale data, which can significantly augment studies that aimed to investigate patterns and histories of organisms at both intraspecific and high level. Here, I showed the advancement of shifting from single-gene method to genomic approach and the benefit of applying exon capture method comparing to alternative genomic techniques. Then, I explained the principle of exon capture method as well as providing detailed recommendations for applying this method. Finally, I demonstrated exon capture method using two applications and discussed future perspectives of this technology.

Low Genetic Diversity and Shallow Population Structure of the Japanese Halfbeak Hyporhamphus sajori Revealed from Mitochondrial DNA in the Northeast Asia

Gwak, Woo-Seok,Zhang, Qun,Roy, Animesh The Ichthyological Society of Korea 2019 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

This study was conducted to know the genetic diversity and population structure of Japanese halfbeak (Hyporhamphus sajori) in the Northeast Asia, using mitochondrial DNA control region. In the present study, a total of 70 individuals were collected from three locations of China (Liaoning), Korea (Tongyeong) and Japan (Wakasa Bay), and 47 individuals sequences from three locations of Japan (Wakasa Bay, Toyama Bay and Mikawa Bay) were downloaded from genbank. A total of 7 haplotypes were identified with 7 polymorphic sites from 358 bp length sequences. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity were very low and ranged from 0 to 0.295±0.156 and 0 to 0.0009±0.0011, respectively. Ancestral haplotype was shared by 94% individuals. An extremely low haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and starlike minimum spanning tree indicated that the species have undergone a recent population expansion after bottleneck. Pairwise F_ST values were low and there was no significant differences among populations suggesting a gene flow among the populations. Dispersal of the eggs with the aid of drifting seaweed and currents might be the major responsible factor for the genetic homogeneity. 학꽁치(Hyporhamphus sajori)의 유전적 다양성과 집단구조를 조사하기 위해 동북아시아에서 시료를 채집하여 mitochondrial DNA control region (mtDNA CR)을 분석하였다. 시료는 중국(Liaoning), 한국(통영), 일본(Wakasa Bay) 3곳에서 총 70개체를 채집했고, 일본 3곳(Wakasa Bay, Toyama Bay and Mikawa Bay)에서 분석된 47개체의 mtDNA CR 염기서열을 Genbank에서 다운로드했다. 분석결과 총 358 bp가 나타났고, 7개의 변이와 함께 haplotype이 7개 확인되었다. Haplotype diversity과 nucleotide diversity는 각각 0~0.295±0.156 및 0~0.0009±0.0011이고, main haplotype을 94%의 개체가 공유했다. 매우 낮은 haplotype diversity와 nucleotide diversity 그리고 starlike minimum spanning tree는 집단이 최근에 병목현상을 거친 후, 팽창되었음을 나타낸다. 집단 간에 Pairwise F_ST 값은 낮고 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났고, 이것은 집단 간 gene flow가 있음을 시사한다. 학꽁치의 genetic homogenity는 부유조와 해류가 주요 원인으로 생각된다.

A Review of Taxonomic Studies of Batoids (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea) from East Asian Waters

정충훈,Jeong, Choong-Hoon The Ichthyological Society of Korea 2009 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

The modern cartilaginous fishes, class Chondrichthyes, are small group of Pisces, and comprisingmore 1,000 described valid species, and including approximately 190 genera, 55 families, and 15 orders. The Chondrichthyes consists of two subclasses, the Holocephali (chimeras) and the Elasmobranchii(sharks and rays). The dominant subclass Elasmobranchii includes sharks (Selachii) and rays (Batoidea), the former is more diverse than the latter in higher taxa (order, family, genus) but has fewer species. The Batoidea, batoids or rays, has long been recognized as monophyletic, however, the interrelationships of the groups are problematic and uncertain. In order to review biodiversity and systematics of batoids, valid species name and supraspecific taxa from the published materials are studied. Batoids (including sawfishes, Pristiformes; electric rays, Torpediniformes; stingrays, Myliobatiformes; skates, Rajiformes; wedgefishes, Rhiniformes; and guitarfishes, Rhinobatiformes) is speciose and worldwide with about 580 species in 4 to 6 orders, 17 to 19 families, and about 75 genera. In East Asian waters, the previous records of the Batoidea reveal about 170 species belonging to 41 genera, 18 families, 6 orders. The largest group of batoid fauna in the area is order Myliobatiformes comprising about 80 species, 16 genera of 7 families. The predominant families are Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays: 46 spp. of 6 genera), Arhynchobatidae (softnose skates: 26 spp. of 3 genera), and Rajidae (skates: 21 spp. of 6 genera). The predominant genera are Bathyraja (softnoseskates: 20 spp.), Himantura (whiprays:19spp.), and Dasyatis (fantailstingrays: 18 spp.). There are 23 species in the Yellow Sea, 70 species in the East China Sea, 82 species in the South China Sea, and 58 species in the North Pacific coast of Japan. Batoid fauna from the East Sea (Sea of Japan) is the poorest of the five regions, consisting of 14 species. Korean waters include only 28 species, 16 genera, 10 families and 5 orders of batoids. Two species is torpediniforms, 4 rhinobatiforms, arhynchobatiforms, 11 rajiforms and 10 myliobatiforms. By the earlier works, the systematics and a check list of the valid species of batoids will be presented.

Anal Fin Deformity in the Longfin Trevally, Carangoides armatus (R$\ddot{u}$ppell, 1830) Collected from Nayband, Persian Gulf

Jawad, Laith,Sadighzadeh, Zahra,Salarpouri, Ali,Aghouzbeni, Seyed The Ichthyological Society of Korea 2013 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

A malformation of the anal fin in longfin trevally, Carangoides armatus, is described and compared with normal specimens. The fish specimen is clearly shown anal fin deformity with missing of 3 spines and 6 rays. The remaining eleven anal fin rays are shorter than those in the normal specimen. The causative factors of this anomaly were discussed.

On the Microdistribution of Fresh-Water Fish, Coreoleuciscus splendidus(Gobioninate) from Korea

최기철,최신석,홍영표,Choi, Ki-Chul,Choi, Shin-Sok,Hong, Young-Pyo The Ichthyological Society of Korea 1990 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.2 No.1

한국산(韓國産) 담수어(淡水魚)이며 한국(韓國) 특산종(特産種)인 쉬리 Coreoleueiseus splendidus의 미세분포(微細分布), 분포양상(分布樣相), 종(種) 상관관계(相關關係)을 알아 보기 위하여 휴전선(休戰線) 이남(以南)의 전(全) 지역(地域)(특별시(特別市), 직할시(直轄市), 시(市), 군(郡), 면(面))을 대상(對象)으로 1966년 5월부터 1989년 11월에 이르기까지 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사지역(調査地域) 4909개(個) 장소(場所)중 같은 장소(場所)를 묶어 정리한 결과 31927개의 sites이었고 이 중 본 종이 분포(分布)하는 장소(場所)는 659개의 site로서 출현빈도(出現頻度)는 20.65%이었다. 2. 본 종이 분포하는 하천(河川)은 임진강, 한강, 금강, 웅천천, 만경강, 동진강, 섬진강, 광양, 동천, 사천천, 곤양천, 낙동강, 삼척, 오십천, 남해도의 삼화천, 거제도의 구천천등 14개의 독립하천(獨立河川)이었고 영산강, 안성천, 삽교천 수계등에는 본 종이 분포하지 않았으며 이들의 미분포(未分布)가 1차적인지 2차적인지는 알 수가 없다. 3. 본 종의 분포(分布)는 대부분이 구성비가 25%미만(未滿)으로 단독(單獨)의 분포는 희소(稀少)하고 우세종(優勢種)으로 분포하는 경우는 드물었다. 4. 본 종은 하천의 본류(本流)와 지류(支流)의 순도구배(順度句配)가 증가(增加)되는 중상류(中上流)지점에 주로 분포하며 하천의 하류부(下流部)와 최상류부(最上流部)에는 분포(分布)하지 않았다. 5. 본 종이 분포하는 거리(距離)에 따른 고도(高度)의 평균구배(平均勾配)(기울기)는 2.6이고, 분포(分布) 최소구배(最小句配)는 0.29, 분포(分布) 최대구배(最大勾配)는 5.65의 범위(範圍)의 하천(河川) 여울 지역(地域)에 주로 분포하였다. 6. 본 종이 분포(分布)하는 곳에 50% 이상의 출현빈도를 보이는 종은 10종으로서 그 순서는 Zacco platypes > Punglungia herzi > Z. temmincki > Mierophysogobio yaluensis > Hemibarbus longirostris > Pseudogobio esocinus > Carassius auralus > Coreoperca herzi > Cobilis koreensis > Odonlobutis platyeephala의 순서이며 총 개체수에 있어서는 Z. platypus > C. auratus > Z. temmincki > H. yaluensis > P. herzi > P. esoeinus > C. koreensis > O. plalyeephala > H. longiroslieis > C. herzi의 순서이였다. 7. 수계별(水系別) 종(種) 상관분포(相關分布)에 따르면 함께 분포(分布)하는 종(種)(P < 0.05)은 Cyprinidae 20종, Cobitididae 5종, Salmonidae 1종, Bagridae 1종, Siluridae 1종, Amblycipitidae 2종, Serranidae 2종, Eleotridae 1종이었다. 8. 본 종과 수계별(水系別) 분포(分布)를 달리하면서 생태적(生態的) 동위(同位)의 종(種) 상관성(相關性)을 갖는 종(種)은 Cyprinidae에서는 A. signifer와 A. linlbala, M. koreensis와 M. yaluensiso 이고, Cobitidae에서는 C. koreensis, C. longicorpus, C. rotundicaudata와 N. multifaciata이며, Amblycipitidae의 L. andersoni와 L. mediadiposalis이였다. Studies on the microdistribution, distributional aspect and affinity of Korean endemic species, SHIRl, Coreoleueiseus splendidus in th southern half of the Korean peninsula were carried out from May, 1966 to November, 1989. This species was found in 14 independent rivers and streamlets of the south Korea ; Yimjin R., Han R., Kum R., Ungchun S., Mangyung S., Dongjin R., Somjin R., Kwangyang East S., Sachun S., Gonyang S., Nakdong R., Samchukosip S., Samhwa S. of Namhae Island and Guchun S. of Geojae Islands, and were not found from Youngsan R., Ansung S. and Sabgyo S. This species was not common and independent comprising less than 25% of the total fish population in all habiting sites. Distributional zone was in the middle or upper streaches of main streams and tributaries. The average slope of distributional zone was 2.6, minimum slope was 0.29 and maximum slope was 5.56. Thirty-three species were found to occur along with this fish and 10 species of them occurred with more than 50% frequency. They were; 20 sp. of Cyprinidae, 5 sp. of Cobitidae, 1 sp. of Salmonidae, 1 sp. of Bagfridae, 1 sp. of Siluridae, 2 sp. of Amblycipitidae, of Serranidae, and 1 sp. of Eleotridae. Some species of fish appeared to have the same ecological position even though they have different distributional zones. These species were as follows; Acheilognathus signifer and A. limbata, Micriophsogobio koreensis and M. yaluensis in Cyprinidae, Cobitis koreensis, C. longicorpus, C. rotundicaudata in Cobitidae, Liobagrus andersoni and L. mediadiposalis in Amblycipitidae.

한국산 놀래기과 어류의 분류학적 검토

김병직,Kim, Byung-Jik The Ichthyological Society of Korea 2009 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

The perciform suborder Labroidei comprising six families (Cichlidae, Embiotocidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, Odacidae, and Scaridae) are characterized by having the specialized pharyngeal jaws for food processing, i.e., united fifth ceratobranchials and upper pharyngeal jaw articulating with the basicranium via diarthroses (Stiassny and Jensen, 1987). They usually inhabit in the most tropical and subtropical seas and comprise about 235 genera and roughly 2,274 species worldwide (Nelson, 2006). Concerning the Korean labroid fishes, Mori (1952) had listed 18 genera and 26 species belong to four families in his check list of Korean fishes since Jordan and Metz (1913) firstly reported six genera and seven species in only two families (Embiotocidae and Labridae). Chyung (1977) added two species, Tilapia mossambica and Cirrhilabrus temmincki, to Mori’s list and also classified them into three suborders, i.e., Embiotocina (containing only Embiotocidae), Pomacentrina (Cichlidae and Pomacentridae), and Labrina (Labridae and Scaridae). Subsequently, Lee and Kim (1996) reviewed the Korean labroidfishes taxonomically resulting in 22 genera and 32 species in five families with some taxonomical modifications including a new Korean record. It is remarkable to be added many new Korean recordsto the pomacentrids or the labrids for recent 10 years (Koh et al., 1995; Yoo et al., 1995; Koh et al., 1997; Myoung, 1997; Choi and Kim, 2000; Choi et al., 2002; Kim and Go, 2003). Recently, Kim et al. (2005) briefly described all members of the Korean Labroidei with a color photograph or a figure, recognizing 27 genera and 42 species in five families. In the present study, the current taxonomical status of the Korean labroid fishes including distributional features is summarized based both on specimens collected from the Korean waters and on literature survey to provide bio-information of the Korean native fish species. As a result, the Korean labroid fishes totally consist of 27 genera and 44 species in five families, that is, Cichlidae (1 species), Embiotocidae (3), Pomacentridae (15), Labridae (22), and Scaridae (2). They distributed mainly in the coastal waters of the South Sea, Korea, however, most pomacentrids or labrids occur in the coastal waters of Jeju Island only, although some species were observed in their larval or juvenile stages only from coastal waters of the island. Interestingly, several species are expanding their distribution north to Ulreung and Dok islands in the East Sea, Korea lately.

Effects of Hook and Bait Types on Bigeye Tuna Catch Rates in the Tuna Longline Fishery

Kim, Soon-Song,Moon, Dae-Yeon,An, Doo-Hae,Hwang, Seon-Jae,Kim, Yeong-Seung,Bigelow, Keith,Curran, Daniel The Ichthyological Society of Korea 2008 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

다랑어낚시 및 사용미끼에 따른 어획률을 비교하기 위해, 2006년 9~10월간 태평양 중동부 해역에서 다랑어연승 시험조사가 수행되었다. 일반선형모형(GLM)을 이용하여 재래식 다랑어낚시 1종(J4)와 환형낚시 3종(C15, C16, C18), 미끼 5종(고등어(CM), 전갱이(JM), 밀크피쉬(MF), 정어리(SD), 오징어(SQ)) 및 낚시심도를 나타내는 낚시 순번들이 눈다랑어 어획률(1,000낚시당 마리수)에 미치는 효과를 평가하였다. 총 28회 조업에서 낚시순번 간 눈다랑어 어획률에는 유의한 차이가 인정되었다. GLM분석에서 낚시순번에 의한 눈다랑어 어획률 편차는 33%로 나타났다. 미끼 종류 간 어획률 차이는 그 편차가 2.7%로 적게 나타났고, 낚시형 4종 간 그 차이는 매우 적어 유의하지 않게 나타났다. 따라서, 낚시형 및 미끼 종류의 선택은 다랑어 연승어업에서 눈다랑어 어획률 차이에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 평가되었으나, 어획수심을 나타내는 낚시순번은 눈다랑어 어획률에 영향을 주는 요인으로 판단되었다. A pelagic tuna longline research cruise in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean from September to October of 2006 was conducted to compare catch rates with the use of different hook type and bait combinations. Traditional tuna hooks (J 4) and three circle hook types (C15, C16, C18), along with five bait types (chub mackerel (CM), jack mackerel (JM), milkfish (MF), sardine (SD), and squid (SQ)) and hook number as a proxy for hook depth were evaluated for their effect on bigeye tuna catch rates (fish per 1,000 hooks) using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). Results from 28 sets indicated significant differences in bigeye catch rates between individual longline sets and hook number. The GLM explained 33% of the deviance in bigeye catch rates with these two factors. An alternative model formulation included bait type which had a small effect (explaining 2.7% of the deviance) on catch rates. Hook type had a negligible and non-significant effect in the GLMs. These results indicate that all of the hooks and baits tested are equally effective at catching bigeye tuna and that hook number (depth) was the paramount operational factor in explaining bigeye tuna catch rates.

Zoogeography and Systematics of Shallow Water Marine East Asian Fishes

Nakabo, Tetsuji The Ichthyological Society of Korea 2009 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.21 No.1