Zoogeography of Taiwanese Fishes

Nakabo, Tetsuji The Ichthyological Society of Korea 2009 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.21 No.4

Three categories (freshwater, amphidromous, and marine fishes) of Taiwanese fishes are analyzed on the basis of zoogeographic elements, viz. China element, Indo-China element, Indo-West Pacific element, Indo-Pacific element, North-Pacific element, Japan-Oregon element, and circumtropical element. Freshwater fishes, which include the China and Indo-China elements, are distributed on part of the boundary area between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions of Wallace (1876). Diadromous fishes include the North-Pacific, Indo-China and Indo-West Pacific elements. Taiwanese salmon, a landlocked (initially diadromous) species that became established in Taiwan between 0.5 my B.P. and the early Pleistocene, is recognized as a distinct taxon included within the Oncorhynchus masou complex, which comprises here three species and two subspecies, viz. Oncorhynchus masou masou (Sancheoneo, Songeo, Sakura-masu or Yamame), O. masou ishikawae (Satsuki-masu or Amago), O. sp. (Biwa-masu), and O. formosanus (Taiwanese salmon), based on molecular, morphological and biological studies. Marine fishes are discussed under the following headings, brackish-water fishes (fishes of brackish waters and seas adjacent to continental coastlines, North Pacific and Indo-West Pacific elements; fishes of brackish waters and seas primarily around islands, Indo-West Pacific element), reef fishes (fishes of inshore reefs along continental coastlines from 0 to ca.100 m depth, Indo-West Pacific element; fishes of inshore reefs primarily around islands from 0 to ca.100 m depth, Indo-West Pacific element; fishes of offshore reefs along continental shelf edges from ca.150 to 300 m depth, circumtropical and Indo-Pacific elements; fishes of offshore reefs primarily around islands from ca.150 to 300 m depth, Indo-Pacific element), demersal fishes (fishes on continental shelves shallower than ca.150 m depth, Indo-West Pacific and Japan-Oregon elements; fishes on edges and upper continental slopes from ca.150 m to 500 m depth, Indo-West Pacific, Indo-Pacific, and circumtropical elements; fishes on lower continental slopes to abyssal plains from ca.500 m to 6,000 m depth, circumtropical element and rarely Indo-Pacific element), pelagic fishes (epipelagic fishes from 0 to ca.150 m depth, Indo-West Pacific, Indo-Pacific or circumtropical elements; meso- and bathypelagic fishes from ca.150 to 3,000 m depth, circumtropical element). The distribution of Taiwanese marine fishes are influenced by the Kuroshio Current, low-salinity and low-temperature waters from mainland China, and sea-bottom topography.

Fish Taxonomy in Japan : the history and current situation

Nakabo, Tetsuji 한국어류학회 1997 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.9 No.2

1. Current Situation in Fish Taxonomy in Japan 1) Review of fish Fauna : Redescription of a species, description of a new species, description of a species newly recorded from Japan : Examined by type speciemens, referred by 18∼19th c's literatures, followed by ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) About 10∼20 fish species are recorded as new species or newly recorded species from the Japanese waters every year. 2) Phylogenetic analysis : Estimating phylogenetic relationships among families, genera or species of the fishes. Phyogenetic relationships of the fishes are analysed by comparative morphology or molecular genetics. 2. The history of α - taxonomy 1) The first period 1782∼1887(1910) : Descriptions of the Japanese fishes by European naturalists, which was related to the age of natural history in Europe. 2) The second period 1900∼1913 : Outline of the Japanese fishes fauna had been given by the American Ichthyologists, D.S. Jordan and his collaborators and Japaneses S. Tanaka, and each species was given the scientific name and the standard Japanese name. 3) The third period 1904∼ca. 1970 : Taxonomic research by the Japanese ichthyologists ; many new species and newly recorded species had been added to the Japanese fauna by them. ① Research by Dr. Shigeo Tanaka ② Research by the subsequent ichthyologists a. Taxonomic revision of a taxon - family, superfamily, etc. b. Faunistic study restricted to a local district c. Some important comprehensive ichthyological publications 4) The fourth period ca. 1970∼present : Population thinking Reviewing 'species concept' by population thinking 3. Fish Collection Researching taxonomy and phylogeny of the fishes cannot be done withouth a fish collection University of Tokyo : Shigeho Tanaka 1904 30,000(no. species) Many type specimens Kochi University : Toshiji Kamohara 1927 30,000 Type specimens Kyoto University : Kiyomatsu Matsubara 1947 30,000 Many types specimens Hokkaido University : Kunio Amaoka 1975 15,000 Many type specimens University of the Ryukyus : Tetsuo Yoshino 1978 10,000 Type specimens National Science Museum : Keiichi Matsuura 1979 150,000,000 Many type specimens Number of the specimens in the above collections follow Matsuura (1997) 4. Collecting fish specimens in Japan Depending on fisheries. Fish taxonomy has been deeply related to fisheries science. Most of the Japanese fish taxonomists were originated from a department of fisheries of an university.

Phylogenetic relationships of skates(Chondrichthyes , Rajoidei)

Nakabo, Tetsuji,정충훈 한국어류학회 1998 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.10 No.1

The classification of skates at subgeneric or generic level has been confusing for subsequent fifty years, and phylogenetic hypotheses of the supraspecific taxa of skates have been proposed by various authors. Morphological characters found in 20 supraspecific taxa of Rajoidei are investigated and Rhinobatos was choosed as outgroup. The 36 characters are used to reconstruct cladogram of Rajoidei and data matrix consisted of the 21 taxa. The phylogenetic analysis using parsimony(PAUP, Version 3.1) resulted in 18 most parsimonious trees, and the strict consensus tree is obtained from these trees. The 20 rajid supraspecific taxa were divided into two major clades, tentatively called Group I and Group II. These two Groups are subdivided into Subgroups Ia - c and Subgroup IIa - d. Group I consists of three subgroup with 9 supraspecific taxa, Raja(Atlantoraja), Bathyraja, Arhynchobatis, Irolita, Psammobatis, Pseudoraja, Notoraja, Pavoraja(Pavoraja) and P.(Subgenus A). Group I is characterized by the following three characters : Rostral appendices of rostral cartilage are separated from rostral shaft. Basihyal cartilage of the ventral gill arch skeleton has anterolateral process. Scapulocoracoid has more than two postventral foramina. Group II comprises 11 supraspecific taxa, Anacanthobatis, Cruriraja, Raja(Dipturus), R.(Okamejei), R.(Raja), Genus nov., Raja(Leucoraja), Breviraja, Raja(Malacoraja), Gurgesiella(Fenestraja) and G.(Gurgesiella). Group II is defined by four derived characters : Scapulocoracoid lacks anterior bridge. Clasper glans has shield. Clasper glans is greatly expandable. The new genus is added to Subgroup IIb of Group II, and having several autapomorphies and derived characters.

Zoogeography and Systematics of Shallow Water Marine East Asian Fishes

Nakabo, Tetsuji The Ichthyological Society of Korea 2009 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

Zoogeography of Taiwanese Fishes

Tetsuji Nakabo 한국어류학회 2010 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.21 No.4

Three categories (freshwater, amphidromous, and marine fishes) of Taiwanese fishes are analyzed on the basis of zoogeographic elements, viz. China element, Indo-China element, Indo-West Pacific element, Indo-Pacific element, North-Pacific element, Japan-Oregon element, and circumtropical element. Freshwater fishes, which include the China and Indo-China elements, are distributed on part of the boundary area between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions of Wallace (1876). Diadromous fishes include the North-Pacific, Indo-China and Indo-West Pacific elements. Taiwanese salmon, a landlocked (initially diadromous) species that became established in Taiwan between 0.5my B.P. and the early Pleistocene, is recognized as a distinct taxon included within the Oncorhynchus masou complex, which comprises here three species and two subspecies, viz. Oncorhynchus masou masou (Sancheoneo, Songeo, Sakura-masu or Yamame), O. masou ishikawae (Satsuki-masu or Amago),O. sp. (Biwa-masu), and O. formosanus (Taiwanese salmon), based on molecular, morphological and biological studies. Marine fishes are discussed under the following headings, brackish-water fishes (fishes of brackish waters and seas adjacent to continental coastlines, North Pacific and Indo-West Pacific elements; fishes of brackish waters and seas primarily around islands, Indo-West Pacific element), reef fishes (fishes of inshore reefs along continental coastlines from 0 to ca.100 m depth,Indo-West Pacific element; fishes of inshore reefs primarily around islands from 0 to ca.100 m depth,Indo-West Pacific element; fishes of offshore reefs along continental shelf edges from ca.150 to 300m depth, circumtropical and Indo-Pacific elements; fishes of offshore reefs primarily around islands from ca.150 to 300 m depth, Indo-Pacific element), demersal fishes (fishes on continental shelves shallower than ca.150 m depth, Indo-West Pacific and Japan-Oregon elements; fishes on edges and upper continental slopes from ca.150 m to 500 m depth, Indo-West Pacific, Indo-Pacific, and circumtropical elements;fishes on lower continental slopes to abyssal plains from ca.500 m to 6,000 m depth, circumtropical element and rarely Indo-Pacific element), pelagic fishes (epipelagic fishes from 0 to ca.150 m depth, Indo-West Pacific, Indo-Pacific or circumtropical elements; meso- and bathypelagic fishes from ca.150 to 3,000 m depth, circumtropical element). The distribution of Taiwanese marine fishes are influenced by the Kuroshio Current, low-salinity and low-temperature waters from mainland China,and sea-bottom topography.

Discovery of Oncorhynchus kawamurae “Kunimasu”, a deep water trout, in Lake Saiko, Yamanashi, extinct for 70 years in its original habitat, Lake Tazawa, Akita, Japan

Tetsuji Nakabo 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2016 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10

Zoogeography and Systematics of Shallow Water Marine East Asian Fishes

Tetsuji Nakabo 韓國魚類學會 2009 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.21 No.S

Discovery of Oncorhynchus kawamurae “Kunimasu”, a deep water trout, in Lake Saiko, Yamanashi, extinct for 70 years in its original habitat, Lake Tazawa, Akita, Japan

Tetsuji Nakabo 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2016 한국수산해양기술학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2016 No.10

Fisheries biology and natural history since the publication of “Jasaneobo”

Tetsuji Nakabo 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2016 한국수산해양기술학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2016 No.10

Review : Zoogeography of Taiwanese Fishes

Tetsuji Nakabo 韓國魚類學會 2009 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.21 No.4