알렌의 의학 저술 활동

박형우 ( Hyoung Woo Park ) 연세대학교 의과대학 의사학과 의학사연구소 2013 연세의사학 Vol.16 No.2

It is well known that as the first missionary to the Korea of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., Dr. Horace N. Allen, who came to Korea in September 1884, did key roles in the establishment of the Protestantism in Korea, and also for the introduction of Western Medicine to the Korea. The fact that he published several articles and reports on the medical professions was neglected because of his early leave medical missions for diplomatic work only after 4 years. The purpose of this article is to highlight the pioneering work of Dr. Allen on the medical writings.

여천(與天) 이용설(李容卨)의 의료 계몽과 학술활동

신유섭 ( Yoo Sub Shin ),신재의 ( Jae Eui Shin ),유형식 ( Hyung Sik Yoo ) 연세대학교 의과대학 의사학과 의학사연구소 2014 연세의사학 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study is to explore the medical enlightenment and academic activities of Dr. Yong-Sul Lee who graduated from the Severance Union Medical College in 1919. Dr. Lee was medically trained in both China and the United States, and by 1926 had developed advanced concepts about the prevention of disease, as well as about its treatment. Christian Messenger between 1927 and 1929, about his experience as a Christianity doctor working with various infectious diseases, and also surgical, pediatric and obstetric diseases. The main purpose of his articles was directed towards the medical enlightenment of the Korean people. He especially emphasized the prevention of diseases by maintaining hygiene, and he described the treatments for various diseases, and warned against the harmfulness of certain traditional medicines. His academic activities were published in those newspapers, magazines and medical journals that were concerned with infectious and orthopedic diseases. He reported on his method of treatment for amoebic abscess of the liver at the Pan Asia-Pacific Surgical Conference in 1929. He was a member of the Korean Medical Society established in 1930, and was involved in the first orthopedic surgery in Korea.

가천박물관 및 인천 구 거류지 답사기

김영수 연세대학교 의과대학 의사학과 의학사연구소 2012 연세의사학 Vol.15 No.2

근대일본의 의사면허의 변천: 의제부터 의사법까지

김영수 ( Young Soo Kim ) 연세대학교 의과대학 의사학과 의학사연구소 2013 연세의사학 Vol.16 No.1

In Japan, the modern medical and health administrative framework was created by the implementation of Isei, which was enacted in 1874. The qualification of general practitioners (medical doctors) and their duties were determined by the law. Existing medical doctors could get a temporary license to practice medicine; however, the new rules required medical doctors to pass a qualifying examination (醫術開業試驗, Ijutsu kaigyo siken), which eventually asked questions concerning modern western medical knowledge. New institutions for medical education were built and produced medical doctors educated under the new scheme. By consolidating regulations related to medical and health administration, medical doctors who studied western medical education performed a primary role in medical and health administration. Most doctors trained in traditional chinese medicine and Rangaku (蘭學) became excluded from the medical and health administration gradually. The Medical Act (舊醫師法, kyu-Ishiho) was legislated in 1906 and provided new stipulations for the granting of medical licenses. Only those who graduated from domestic and foreign medical schools became accepted as medical doctors. As a result, the examination for qualifying medical doctors was no longer used. This meant that the new medical license signified a certain status for medical doctors. During wartime, medical doctors were insufficient, and doctors trained as technicians were mass produced. This detracted from the quality of medical doctors and the medical care system, so a new Medical Act (醫師法, Ishiho) was established in 1948 after the war. It enacted a provision for the qualification of medical doctors. They were required to have formal medical school education, pass the National Medical Practitioners Qualifying Examination (醫師國家試驗, Ishikokkashiken), and train at a hospital for a year in an internship system.

세브란스병원의학교 제1회 졸업생 신창희(申昌熙)의 생애와 활동

박형우,홍정완 연세대학교 의과대학 의사학과 의학사연구소 2008 연세의사학 Vol.11 No.1

근대정신의학 성립기의 멜랑콜리 개념의 분화

여인석 연세대학교 의학사연구소 2021 연세의사학 Vol.24 No.2

Melancholy started as a medical concept based on the humoral theory of Western medicine but has since been used as a term to describe human beings in various fields, such as literature, art, and medicine. The accumulated discussions on melancholy developed in Western culture over thousands of years are summarized in Robert Burton’s extensive book, “The Anatomy of Melancholy,” in the 17th century. However, the concept of melancholy, which was extended to literature, philosophy, and art, as well as to medicine from which it originated, lost its clarity and became a fairly ambiguous concept. As a kind of reaction to the conceptual ambiguity of the past 2000 years, an attempt was made to differentiate the concept of melancholy through the Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century. Then, with the establishment of modern psychiatry in the 19th century, attempts were made to rearrange melancholy into the category of psychiatry. However, these were not simply attempts to medicalize the concept of melancholy that started from medicine. On the other hand, such attempts were extended to other fields, appearing in the direction of taking only a part of the concept of melancholy that has a medical meaning and expelling from medicine the term “melancholy,” which had become lax as its meaning loosened. This tendency had already appeared in the early 19th century, which can be said to be the founding period of modern psychiatry. In this study, the change of attitude toward melancholy that occurred during the establishment of modern psychiatry in the early 19th century after the Enlightenment in the 18th century was examined. We analyzed the description of the “melancholy” item in the Encyclopedia of Diderot and then, through the writings of French psychiatrists such as Pinel and Esquirol, who are the founding fathers of modern psychiatry, relocated the concept of melancholy within medicine.

의료차관과 현대 한국 보건의료 체계의 형성: 1969~1992

홍창희,박승만 연세대학교 의학사연구소 2023 연세의사학 Vol.26 No.1

The role of loans in Korea’s economic development was significant, and also applied to the healthcare sector. However, despite its importance, there is a lack of research on the subject. In this research landscape, this article examines the background, scale, and impact of the introduction of public loans in the field of healthcare from 1969 to 1992. Firstly, the introduction of public loans was intertwined with changes in the South Korean government’s social development policies. Since the early 1960s, the South Korean government had promised social development; however, due to a lack of policy determination and inadequate financial resources, it failed to adequately prioritize welfare policies, including in the healthcare sector. This situation underwent a significant change from the mid-1970s. As demands for welfare intensified, the government could no longer postpone social development. Consequently, the medical field was also included in the social development, leading to the introduction of healthcare insurance. A problem, however, lay in the shortage of medical supplies. As healthcare insurance had the potential to generate an increased demand for medical services, it was necessary to allocate hospitals strategically at appropriate locations and expand the number of hospital beds and the amount of medical equipment. In this situation, the government chose the most familiar approach, the introduction of public loans, to address two main challenges: achieving the balanced distribution of healthcare resources and modernizing the healthcare facilities. At that time, the government aimed to expand the equipment and number of hospital beds in public institutions while simultaneously relying on the private sector for the increased supply of beds in medically underserved areas. This approach aimed to maintain a certain level of functionality in public hospitals while shifting the financial burden of the loans to the private sector as far as possible. The introduction of loans initially seemed to have achieved success. Firstly, with the modernization of the healthcare facilities, various experiments, tests, and treatments that had previously not been possible became available. Additionally, there was a rapid increase in the number of hospital beds. The increase in the number of healthcare institutions and hospital beds in rural areas, as well as in urban centers, indicated that the objective of achieving a balanced distribution of healthcare resources had to some extent been realized. However, there were also significant side effects. The loans contributed to the consolidation of characteristics that are distinct in modern healthcare in South Korea, namely a vulnerable public healthcare counterbalanced by strong private healthcare. Furthermore, they stimulated the trend of hospital enlargement and competition for equipment, which persists today.

피임 기술의 재생산: 1960년대 한국 플라스틱 자궁내장치 제조의 국산화

천경서,정준호 연세대학교 의학사연구소 2023 연세의사학 Vol.26 No.1

The plastic intrauterine device (IUD), which began to spread rapidly from the United States (U.S.) in 1960, was considered a breakthrough in population control efforts in resource-limited settings. Previously, condoms, spermicides, and other contraceptive methods had to be used before, during, or after sex. However, the IUD decoupled contraception from sex, and required no further participation from the user after the initial insertion. The introduction of these contraceptive technologies led to a shift in population control from a user-centered approach, such as education and awareness, to a supply-centered approach, such as the introduction of more diverse and affordable contraceptive technologies. This study focuses on the manufacturing and production processes of a specific type of IUD, the Lippes Loop, which formed the material basis for the spread and use of IUDs in Korea in the 1960s. The transfer of IUD production technology from the U.S. to South Korea was driven not only by concerns about population control, but also by institutional conflicts and concerns about patents and standardization. Introduced to Korea through the Pathfinder Fund, the IUD quickly became a key tool in Korean family planning, contrary to the intentions of the Population Council, which valued research and statistics. Amid this rapid adoption, the Population Council modified its policy to produce standardized devices within its sphere of influence. To this end, U.S. technicians were sent to deploy U.S.-produced molds in South Korea, and the organization was able to introduce U.S. standardized IUDs into Korean clinical settings on a large scale. At the same time, the production process in Korea provided the basis for local production and large-scale supply of contraceptive devices in other low- and middle-income countries.

1970년대 ‘개발원조’와 한국의 차관 도입

이현진 연세대학교 의학사연구소 2023 연세의사학 Vol.26 No.1

This study aims to examine the trends and characteristics involved in the introduction of loans to Korea in the 1970s by examining the background of the loans, and the current status and operational methods of the introduced loans. In the 1970s, loans were introduced to Korea amid changes in the foreign aid policy and the formation of a pluralistic structure in terms of international responsibility for aid. At this time, loans were positioned as ‘development assistance,’ which included social and economic development, and were discussed within the framework of the economic cooperation of developed countries within the structure of the international division of labor. The scope and field of loans introduced to Korea in the 1970s were determined during the evaluation and diagnosis of Korea's economic development plan. The major policy projects of the economic development plan became the main beneficiaries of the loans. Reflecting this trend, in the 1970s, social overhead capital and other service sectors accounted for a high proportion of the loans that were introduced.

영동세브란스병원과 서독 공공차관: 한국 의료문제 해결의 교차점

김영수 연세대학교 의학사연구소 2023 연세의사학 Vol.26 No.1

In this paper, I aim to focus on the process through which Yonsei Medical Center introduced public loans from to establish the Yeongdong Severance Hospital in Gangnam, Seoul, and established a local medical delivery system that encompasses the surrounding areas. In this process, West Germany laid down the practice of public medical care and the re-employment of Korean nurses returning from West Germany as conditions for providing loans. The Yeongdong project contained measures to solve this problem, which I aim to analyze. The emphasis on organizing local medical projects has been an important health policy of the Korean government since the1970s, but it was also important for West Germany to provide overseas loans.. In addition, the issue of the re-employment of the Korean nurses returning from West Germany can be said to constitute special circumstances between the two countries. With the opening of the Yeongdong Severance Hospital, an efficient medical delivery system centered on the Yeongdong area was established. It presented an ideal model as a response to the expansion of medical demand facing Korean society. It is also meaningful that Yeongdong Severance Hospital proposed specific measures for the re-employment and re-education of returning Korean nurses dispatched to West Germany. The opening of the Yeongdong Severance Hospital had many implications for the process through which the Korean government solved the pending medical issues of the time. The background is that, unlike the foreign aid , foreign loans began to be introduced in the medical field, adding a new driving force to the Korean medical field in the late 1970s.