An Explanation of Waiting for Godot in Quantum Mechanics

LiLi 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2020 영어권문화연구 Vol.13 No.2

On Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot, everyone explains the existence of Godot differently, which makes the superposition of Godot. And from the point of view of quantum mechanics, microscopic particles may be in a superposition state, which means things are always in an uncertain state of “superposition” or “collapse” according to the human consciousness. After introducing the concept of quantum mechanics, the paper uses the Schrodinger's cat, a famous experiment of quantum mechanics, to conduct in-depth exploration. In the experiment, cats exist in closed boxes, and no one knows whether they have changed or if they have had quantitative changes. No one knows what's going to happen before the box is opened, and it is uncertain whether there will be changes when the box is opened. The uncertainty of quantum mechanics affects people's thinking. Hence the paper attempts to explore Beckett's Waiting for Godot for the uncertainty of the entanglement waiting process by quantum mechanics by analyzing Godot as a stacked-up cat.

Communication - Root Vein Connected

Lili 한국콘텐츠학회 2012 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.8 No.2

A Study on the Types of Virtual Influencers in China Using Q Methodology

LILI,이종윤,ShanShan LIU,홍장선 국제문화기술진흥원 2023 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.11 No.2

Modern people live a life connected with the real world and the virtual world by relying on the new media of enterprises and social consumption led by innovative technologies. In this environment, virtual influencers actively communicate with consumers and build relationships through social media, which is a new marketing tool that has attracted widespread attention. From a business perspective, it is necessary to have a solid understanding of this phenomenon, and then explore communication strategies to effectively develop virtual influencers. To investigate followers' preference for virtual influencers, this study employs the Q-method, which studies human subjective attributes, an empirical research effort to uncover complex issues in human subjectivity. To determine the factors that trigger people's voluntary and active practice and the preference degree of virtual influencers, the Q method is implemented to examine human subjectivity, thoughts and attitudes. According to the results of this study, virtual influencers are a new group of idols full of vitality. The interviews found that there are still many virtual influencers who do not know about followers, but each type can be clearly understood through the intuitive understanding of the interviewees. Divided out, type 1 one ego-ideal virtual influencers aim to represent an idealized version of the creator or target audience. Embodies ideal physical characteristics, personality or lifestyle desired by the audience. Type 2 is charismatic and attractive, and has the characteristics of most virtual influencers. It is suggested that it can be developed into a potential type, doing brand cooperation, and content production on social media platforms. Type 3: Game animation, derived from the image of characters in games or comics, with stylized features and energetic personalities, which can be integrated into games or entertainment experiences. Type 4 development potential type is the most successful type among virtual imagers, and it is also the purpose of marketing virtual influencers. It is essential that brand endorsement on social media platforms, integrated marketing, and driving advertising traffic. It is recommended to improve production technology to reduce investment costs.

Pay Attention to Water Pollution

Lili 한국콘텐츠학회 2013 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.2013 No.-

20세기 이래 중국 상고음(上古音) 연구의 성과 및 방향

張莉莉 ( Zhang¸ Lili ) 한국중국언어학회 2021 중국언어연구 Vol.- No.95

이 글의 목표는 20세기 초부터 지금까지의 중국 上古音에 대한 연구 성과, 특히 최근에 나온 연구에 주목하여 정리하고, 上古音 연구 동향을 파악하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 약 백 년 동안의 연구사를 간략하게 살펴본 후, 上古音 연구에 있어서 논쟁거리인 음절 유형, 운미, 모음체계, 介音의 존재 여부, 기본 자음체계, 복자음체계, 그리고 관련된 형태 연구를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 최근 주류 입장에 따르면 上古漢語의 陰聲 운미에는 유성 폐쇄운미가 없었고 개음절을 지니며, 또한 성조가 없었고, 후치운미가 중고시기에 성조를 이루게 된다. 모음체계의 경우 대략 ‘i, Щ, u, e, a, o’와 같이 6개 모음으로 이루어진 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 上古漢語에는 모음성 介音이 존재하지 않고 介音 /r/가 많은 역할을 했다. 한편, 기본 자음 체계에서 논의된 來母와 喉音 계열 및 무성 비음과 무성 유음에 대한 관점은 최신 이론에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않지만, 精母 파찰화 등에 관하여는 아직 異論이 존재하며, 자음군의 경우는 대개 전치자음과 후치자음을 통하여 복자음 체계를 해석하고 있다. 또한, 上古漢語의 재구에 있어서 형태의 기능과 음운 형식에의 대응 관계가 최근의 연구에서 관심을 받고 있다. 마지막으로 上古音의 연구 방법, 연구 자료, 연구 범위를 살펴봄으로써 앞으로의 연구 방향을 제시하여 보았다. The goal of this article is to focus on the achievements of Old Chinese from the early 20^th century till the present, especially from current studies and controversial views to identify trends in Old Chinese studies. In this paper, it presented a brief look at the research history of Old Chinese about 100 years, and focused on the study of syllable types, codas, vowel systems, an existence of the medial, simple initials, initial clusters, and related morphological forms. According to the recent mainstream opinions, Old Chinese yīnshēng rhyme group did not have voiced stop, neither the intonation in Old Chinese, while postcodas became intonations in Middle Chinese. In the case of vowel systems, it can be considered to be consist of the six vowels, such as ‘i, Щ, u, e, a, o’, and there was no vocal medial but /-r-/, which played a major role as medial in Old Chinese. The perspectives of initial /r/, uvular initials, voiceless resonants do not differ much in recent research, however, views about the reconstruction of (MC.)/ts/ in Old Chinese, and whether it was an affricative initial are quite different. The system of initial clusters were mainly consist of pre-initial and post-initial. Furthermore, the function of morphological forms and its correspondence to phonetic forms have drawn attention in recent research. Finally, it presented future research directions through looking at the research methods, materials, and scope of the study in Old Chinese.

Increased Progastrin-Releasing Peptide Expression is Associated with Progression in Gastric Cancer Patients

Li Li,Xiaodong Yin,Hai Meng,Juanyu Hu,Zhengqing Yu,Jianyong Xu 연세대학교의과대학 2020 Yonsei medical journal Vol.61 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum progastrin-releasing peptide(ProGRP) in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients with GC (89 males and 61 females) were recruited, including those with stage I(n=28), stage II (n=33), stage III (n=50), and stage IV (n=39) disease; 50 healthy controls and 66 patients with benign gastric diseaseswere also enrolled. Levels of serum ProGRP, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4)were measured in all subjects. Results: Serum ProGRP levels were significantly higher in GC patients than in controls (p<0.001), and ProGRP was significantlycorrelated with tumor size, tumor node metastasis stage, differentiation, invasion depth, and lymph node metastasis (p< 0.005). ProGRP levels were significantly decreased after chemotherapy (p<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed a sensitivityand specificity for serum ProGRP in GC of 85.9% and 81.2%, respectively. ProGRP levels were positively correlated withCA72-4 and CEA (r=0.792 and 0.688, p<0.05, respectively). Combined detection of ProGRP, CEA, and CA72-4 showed the best diagnosticpower for GC. Conclusion: ProGRP may be useful as a potential biomarker for GC diagnosis and therapy.

Suitability of Dialogue Theory for Translation

Li Li 한국동서비교문학학회 2021 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.- No.56

Communication by dialogues is one of the main themes of the world. According to Bakhtin, the expression is a social product constructed by different voices which are ultimately related to each other. We learn our language through others’ voices; in turn our voices are heard by others. This philosophy of language is known as the dialogue, where individual discourse is seen as a positive response to the specific intention followed a dynamic dialogic relationship between the speaker and the listener. In the translation process, various social factors are involved. Since the participation of the social directivity as “other”, multiple dialogues caused by the difference of the source language and target language finally are epitomized on the translation which is made full of different ideological, cultural, aesthetic and practical social overtones.

Study on Cybersecurity of Hybrid, Multi-hop, Wireless Network

Li Li,Hu Zhiyu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.10

As the frontier of Internet development, hybrid, wireless, multi-hop network has transformed the way we live. Nowadays, this network has been engaged in many areas like economy, war, culture, medical treatment, agriculture, ecology, commerce, etc. The concepts of digital coalmine and digital oil field, in special, promote the development of the study on hybrid, wireless, multi-hop network. The paper establishes cybersecurity mechanism by introducing concepts relevant to this network, and by summarizing its internal and external security threats. By conducting simulation experiment to the security mechanism, the paper concludes that to the influence on security mechanism, the number of nodes is in direct proportion, while the transmission period of node connection in inverse proportion. The paper aims to offer reasonable suggestions and guidance to the development of hybrid, wireless, multi-hop network, to promote the application of the wireless network, and to increase its value, solve security problems and ensure sound operation of hybrid, wireless, multi-hop network.

Comparative analysis on the diversity of Auricularia auricula based on physiological characteristics, somatic incompatibility and TRAP fingerprinting

Li Li,Xiu-Zhi Fan,Wei Liu,Yang Xiao,Yan Zhou,Yin-Bing Bian 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회 국제학술대회 Vol.6 No.-

Fluid Mud Dynamics and Its Correlation to Hydrodynamics in Jiaojiang River Estuary, China

Li Li,Wang Jiachen,Zheng Yiqun,Yao Yanming,Guan Weibing 한국해양과학기술원 2023 Ocean science journal Vol.58 No.1

The Jiaojiang Estuary is a macro-tidal estuary with high turbidity and funnel-shaped geomorphology. Estuarine geomorphology and shipping are highly afected by sediments and heavy coastal engineering. Based on observed data and numerical simulation results, we studied the characteristics of the suspended sediments and fuid mud in the estuary. By considering two-way coupling of water–sediment density and the process of fne sediment focculation, a three-dimensional sediment model of the Jiaojiang Estuary was established and efectively calibrated using the measured data on tides, currents, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC). Field data analysis indicated that SSC and sediment transport rate in both the main tidal channel and shoals were positively correlated with the fow velocity in the low-frequency part during both the spring and neap tides. The model results revealed that the net sediment fux is controlled by advection and moves landward upstream of the main tidal channel. Fluid mud is formed near Haimen station, with tides infuencing the spatial and temporal variations in its thickness and speed. Sediment is actively exchanged among fuid mud-water-seabed, with sink and source processes dominating near the bay mouth and the Haimen station, respectively. Sediments weaken the seaward residual currents slightly by changing their viscosity and the von Karman constant, and the stratifcation process is afected by changes in water density. The fndings of this study provide a foundation for the study of material transportation in an estuarine ecosystem.