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Lorenzo Drago,Elena De Vecchi,Arianna Gabrieli,Roberta De Grandi,Marco Toscano 대한천식알레르기학회 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.4
The aim of this study was to evaluate probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus salivarius LS01 and Bifidobacterium breve BR03 alone and in combination and their immunomodulatory activity in asthmatic subjects. Subjects affected by allergic asthma were recruited. Initially, LS01 and BR03 were analyzed for their growth compatibility by a broth compatibility assay. To study the antimicrobial activity of probiotic strains, an agar diffusion assay was performed. Finally, cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with LS01 and BR03 was determined by means of specific quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The growth of some clinical pathogens were slightly inhibited by LS01 and LS01-BR03 co-culture supernatant not neutralized to pH 6.5, while only the growth of E. coli and S. aureus was inhibited by the supernatant of LS01 and LS01-BR03 neutralized to pH 6.5. Furthermore, LS01 and BR03 combination was able to decrease the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by PBMCs, leading to an intense increase in IL-10 production. L. salivarius LS01 and B. breve BR03 showed promising probiotic properties and beneficial immunomodulatory activity that are increased when the 2 strains are used in combination in the same formulation.
de Lorenzo, Ví,ctor,Prather, Kristala LJ,Chen, Guo‐,Qiang,O'Day, Elizabeth,von Kameke, Conrad,Oyarzú,n, Diego A,Hosta‐,Rigau, Leticia,Alsafar, Habiba,Cao, Cong,Ji, Weizhi,Okano John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018 EMBO reports Vol.19 No.4
<P>The UN's Sustainable Development Goals present a challenge for biotechnology to develop new environmentally‐friendly and sustainable products and production processes. </P>
Cíntia De Lorenzo,Caroline P. de Andrade,Verônica S. L. Machado,Matheus V. Bianchi,Veronica M. Rolim,Raquel A. S. Cruz,David Driemeier 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.1
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes diarrhea in pigs, referred to as colibacillosis. The aim of this study was to optimize multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses of paraffin-embedded material to detect pathogenic E. coli strains causing colibacillosis in pigs. Multiplex PCR was optimized for fimbriae (F18, F4, F6, F5, and F41) and toxins (types A and B heat-stable toxins [STaP and STb], heat-labile toxin [LT], and type 2 Shiga toxin [STx2e]), and IHC was optimized for an anti-E. coli polyclonal antibody. Samples (132) from pigs received between 2006 and 2014 with clinical and histopathological diagnoses of colibacillosis were analyzed. E. coli was detected by IHC in 78.7%, and at least one virulence factor gene was detected in 71.2%. Pathogenic strains of ETEC with at least one fimbria and one toxin were detected in 40% of the samples in multiplex PCR. The most frequent virulence types were F18-STaP (7.5%), F18-STaP-STb (5.7%), and F4-STaP (3.8%). A statistically significant association was noted between virulence factors F4, F18, STaP, and STb and positive immunostaining results. Colibacillosis diagnosis through multiplex PCR and IHC of paraffin-embedded tissues is a practical approach, as samples can be fixed and stored for long periods before analysis.
Trichogin GA IV: an antibacterial and protease-resistant peptide
De Zotti, Marta,Biondi, Barbara,Formaggio, Fernando,Toniolo, Claudio,Stella, Lorenzo,Park, Yoonkyung,Hahm, Kyung-Soo John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 Journal of Peptide Science Vol.15 No.9
<P>The antibacterial and hemolytic activities of the amphiphilic helical, membrane-active, lipopeptaibol trichogin GA IV and its [Leu<SUP>11</SUP>-OMe] analogue were compared to those of the partially helical or non-helical 8-meric or 4-meric, C-terminal short sequences, respectively. The study on trichogin GA IV was extended to several methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Using a large set of enzymes, we also evaluated the resistance to proteolysis of all of the four peptides. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
Macrolide Resistance and In Vitro Selection of Resistance to Antibiotics in Lactobacillus Isolates
Lorenzo Drago,Roberto Mattina,Lucia Nicola,Valentina Rodighiero,Elena De Vecchi 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.4
Spreading of resistance to antibiotics is of great concern due to the increasing rate of isolation of multiresistant pathogens. Since commensal bacteria may transfer determinants of resistance to pathogens, studies on development of resistance should include also lactobacilli. Resistance to macrolides, penicillins and tetracycline was determined in 40 isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus crispatus,and Lactobacillus casei isolated from faeces of apparently healthy volunteers. Frequency of mutation and changes in susceptibility after serial exposure to these antibiotics at concentrations of 4× and 8× MIC were evaluated in susceptible isolates. Acquired resistance was defined as an increment in MIC values of at least four times in respect to the pre-selection values. Resistance to macrolides and/or tetracycline was identified in 14 and 4 isolates, respectively. ermB gene and A2058G mutation in 23S rRNA were detected in macrolide resistant isolates. Frequencies of mutation of susceptible isolates (n=26) were lower for ampicillin and erythromycin than for tetracycline. Serial exposure to antibiotics led to selection of resistant mutants. However,acquired resistance was rather unstable and was lost after subcultures in antibiotic-free medium in most mutants. Resistance to erythromycin was associated to a A2058G mutation in 23S rRNA. In conclusion,results indicate that resistance to macrolides and tetracycline is present among intestinal lactobacilli. Decrease in susceptibility following serial exposure to antibiotics might occur in lactobacilli, in a strain- and antibiotic-dependent way. Since lactobacilli are often used as probiotics, their ability to acquire resistance should be evaluated for isolates candidate to be included in probiotics based products.
Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y as a novel source of outer membrane vesicles
Federica De Lise,Francesca Mensitieri,Giulia Rusciano,Fabrizio Dal Piaz,Giovanni Forte,Flaviana Di Lorenzo,Antonio Molinaro,Armando Zarrelli,Valeria Romanucci,Valeria Cafaro,Antonio Sasso,Amelia Filip 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.6
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanostructures of 20– 200 nm diameter deriving from the surface of several Gramnegative bacteria. OMVs are emerging as shuttles involved in several mechanisms of communication and environmental adaptation. In this work, OMVs were isolated and characterized from Novosphingobium sp. PP1Y, a Gram-negative non-pathogenic microorganism lacking LPS on the outer membrane surface and whose genome was sequenced and annotated. Scanning electron microscopy performed on samples obtained from a culture in minimal medium highlighted the presence of PP1Y cells embedded in an extracellular matrix rich in vesicular structures. OMVs were collected from the exhausted growth medium during the mid-exponential phase, and purified by ultracentrifugation on a sucrose gradient. Atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis showed that purified PP1Y OMVs had a spherical morphology with a diameter of ca. 150 nm and were homogenous in size and shape. Moreover, proteomic and fatty acid analysis of purified OMVs revealed a specific biochemical “fingerprint”, suggesting interesting details concerning their biogenesis and physiological role. Moreover, these extracellular nanostructures do not appear to be cytotoxic on HaCaT cell line, thus paving the way to their future use as novel drug delivery systems.
Alexander De Los Reyes,Elizabeth Ann Prieto,Karim Omambac,Jeremy Porquez,Lorenzo Lopez Jr.,Karl Cedric Gonzales,John Daniel Vasquez,Mae Agatha Tumanguil,Joselito Muldera,Kohji Yamamoto,Masahiko Tani,A 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.4
We investigate the effects of an externally applied magnetic field on the terahertz (THz) emission of Gallium Manganese Arsenide (GaMnAs) films grown via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Results show that low Mn-doping in GaMnAs resulted to increased THz emission as compared with a SI-GaAs substrate. Further increase in Mn-doping content resulted to a comparably less THz emission, which is attributed to reduced crystallinity and higher free-carrier absorption. Under an external magnetic field, the contributions of the Bup and Bdown-related THz emission were observed to be asymmetric: possibly due to intrinsic magnetic properties of GaMnAs.
On the generation of spiral-like paths within planar shapes
Held, Martin,de Lorenzo, Stefan Society for Computational Design and Engineering 2018 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.5 No.3
We simplify and extend prior work by Held and Spielberger [CAD 2009, CAD&A 2014] to obtain spiral-like paths inside of planar shapes bounded by straight-line segments and circular arcs: We use a linearization to derive a simple algorithm that computes a continuous spiral-like path which (1) consists of straight-line segments, (2) has no self-intersections, (3) respects a user-specified maximum step-over distance, and (4) starts in the interior and ends at the boundary of the shape. Then we extend this basic algorithm to double-spiral paths that start and end at the boundary, and show how these double spirals can be used to cover complicated planar shapes by composite spiral paths. We also discuss how to improve the smoothness and reduce the curvature variation of our paths, and how to boost them to higher levels of continuity.
The contribution of microbial biotechnology to sustainable development goals
Timmis, Kenneth,de Vos, Willem M.,Ramos, Juan Luis,Vlaeminck, Siegfried E.,Prieto, Auxiliadora,Danchin, Antoine,Verstraete, Willy,de Lorenzo, Victor,Lee, Sang Yup,Brü,ssow, Harald,Timmis, James Ke John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017 MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY -BLACKWELL- Vol.10 No.5
<P>The signature and almost unique characteristic of microbial technology is the exceptional diversity of applications it can address, and the exceptional range of human activities and needs to which it is and can be applied. Precisely because sustainability goals have very diverse and complex components and requirements, microbial technology has the ability to contribute substantively on many levels in many arenas to global efforts to achieve sustainability. Indeed, microbial technology could be viewed as a unifying element in our progress towards sustainability. </P>
Kim, Sookwan,De Santis, Laura,Hong, Jong Kuk,Cottlerle, Diego,Petronio, Lorenzo,Colizza, Ester,Kim, Young-Gyun,Kang, Seung-Goo,Kim, Hyoung Jun,Kim, Suhwan,Wardell, Nigel,Geletti, Riccardo,Bergamasco, Elsevier 2018 Marine geology Vol.395 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Sedimentation processes influenced by late Cenozoic ice-sheet dynamics and bottom-current activity can be extracted from the seismic stratigraphic record of the Ross Sea continental slope and rise, where more continuous sedimentary successions are preserved compared to the continental shelf. In this study, we present a seismic stratigraphic analysis of the Central Basin that lies in the northwestern Ross Sea, using newly acquired and existing legacy seismic reflection data that are correlated to adjacent scientific drill sites. The chronostratigraphy of Ross Sea seismic sequences lying above the mid-Miocene sequence boundary (RSU4, ca. 16.5–15.5Ma) is based on the former Antarctic Offshore Stratigraphy (ANTOSTRAT) project. Depth-contour and isopach maps of sedimentary sequences bounded by two major unconformities of RSU4 and RSU2 (the late Pliocene boundary, ca. 4.0–2.8Ma) and the present-day seafloor were produced to illustrate the evolution of paleo-seafloor morphology, distribution of sediments and depocenter migration in the western Ross Sea outer margin.</P> <P>The results of seismic stratigraphic analysis indicate that gravity sedimentation processes dominated the Central Basin infill up to the mid-Miocene, and then downslope sediment supply gradually diminished through the late Miocene and Quaternary, likely reflecting a shift toward a cooler, less erosive glacial regime change. Since the late Pliocene, a topset-truncated glacial prograding wedge developed in the upper continental slope at the mouth of the Joides Basin and the sediment depocenter was shifted from the basin floor to the upper slope, suggesting the more persistent occurrence of grounded ice sheets on the outer continental shelf. Meanwhile, persistent along-slope bottom-current processes formed contourites on the slope and over the crests of banks surrounding the Central Basin since the mid-Miocene. In the late Pliocene, the contourites that formed off the Joides Basin mouth were overlain by glaciogenic debris flows, while the growth of contourites continued over and along the flanks of banks, farther to the north. This suggests that along-slope bottom-current processes near the Joides Basin mouth were diminished or dominated by the glacial discharge to the continental shelf edge. The sediment stacking patterns differ between the Joides/Central Basins and the Drygalski/Adare Basins located on the westernmost Ross Sea margin, suggesting that distinctive glacial/interglacial behavior of the former grounded ice streams and sediment supplies in the troughs feeding these basins were largely controlled by the paleo-seafloor morphology of the western Ross Sea continental shelf.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> First seismic stratigraphic analysis of the Central Basin, northwestern Ross Sea. </LI> <LI> Gravity and bottom-current controlled sedimentary features are observed. </LI> <LI> Distinctive paleo-seafloor morphology and depocenter migration are indicated. </LI> <LI> Ice sheet shifted toward polar-style glacial regime during the late Cenozoic. </LI> <LI> Bottom-current activity changed near the paleo-shelf edge after late Pliocene. </LI> </UL> </P>